Chapter 10 & 11 Civil War & Reconstruction. THE CIVIL WAR The Union Divides The Real War Begins The...
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Transcript of Chapter 10 & 11 Civil War & Reconstruction. THE CIVIL WAR The Union Divides The Real War Begins The...
![Page 1: Chapter 10 & 11 Civil War & Reconstruction. THE CIVIL WAR The Union Divides The Real War Begins The Goals of War Change Life Goes on Behind the Lines.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081512/56649ea25503460f94ba691e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 10 & 11
Civil War
&
Reconstruction
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THE CIVIL WAR
• The Union Divides
• The Real War Begins
• The Goals of War Change
• Life Goes on Behind the Lines
• The Road to Peace is Rugged
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Lincoln
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The Civil War 1860 - 1865Reconstruction 1866 - 1877
• Lincoln takes office, March, 1861
• 7 states secede (map) ... 4 more join the Confederacy (VA, AK, TN, & NC) after shots fired on Fort Sumter, SC
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Fort Sumter
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Fort Sumnter
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• Gov’t property seized in the south, Lincoln’s goal: to preserve the Union
• April, 1861 …Ft. Sumter fired upon by Confederate forces…the war has begun.
• Copperheads-Northern Dem. oppose the war and Lincoln.
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South & Border States
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• Lincoln seizes control of the border states (MD,MO,KY,&DE)
• Riots break out in Baltimore, MD
• Lincoln takes control…martial law declared/habeas corpus suspended
• North & South – advantages and disadvantages
• Union call for troops…Battle of Bull Run
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Battle of Manassas
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•Union Plan for wining the War
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Northern plan for victory
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Ironclads
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• Weapons/Warships/Strategy• Western & Eastern Theaters of
Operations • Shiloh/New Orleans/2nd Manassas• Battle of Antietam, MD ...Union
Gen. McClellan fails to destroy Lee…the war goes on
• Southern hopes cling to Great Britain…Trent Affair
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Lincoln
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Emancipation Proclamation
• Jan.1863, Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation after the Battle of Antietam and makes destruction of Slavery a war aim
• Freed only the slaves in Confederacy, discouraged any interference from foreign governments…keeps Great Britain out of the war
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The War drags on
• South/Cotton & England/Neutral
• African-Americans are enlisted. Ex. 54th Mass. as seen in “Glory”
• Draft/Conscription is used to raise the necessary troops for N & S
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Frederick Douglas
• Black Abolitionist
• Urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union Army
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• Substitutes/Deserters…bonus paid to recruits…Draft Riots in NY 1863
• “Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight”
• Radical Republicans - believed that slavery was the main reason for the war…their power increases in the elections of 62, 64, & 1866
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• South suffers shortages
• Topics: Greenbacks/Women in the
workplace/Homestead Act/Clara Barton & Red Cross…Dorthea Dix, U.S. Sanitary Commission/ P.O.W.’s & Andersonville…wars impact on western expansion and the Trans-continental Railroad
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Lee & Grant
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Robert E. Lee Confederate General The Army of Northern Virginia
• opposed secession, but did not believe that the Union should be held together by force.
• Urged southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans after the collapse at Appomattox
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Ulysses S. GrantCommander of the Union Forces
• Won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed before him
• “Total War”
• Hero of the Civil War and future President
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Gettysburg
Turning Point of the Civil War
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Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln thought the Civil War was a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people”
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Gettysburg Address
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Gettysburg & Vicksburg, 7/1863
March of 1864 - Grant becomes Union commander, unconditional surrender & total war
• Sherman’s “March to the Sea”
• Captures Atlanta in Sept., 1864
• Lincoln wins the 1864 election
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Last battles of the Civil War
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Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
• “with malice towards none, with charity for all…to bind up the nations wounds”
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Lincoln
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The Civil War Ends
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• Grant turns attention on Richmond
• Confederate capitol falls on April 2nd, 1865…Davis escapes south
• Surrounded and out numbered, Lee surrenders the Army of Virginia at Appomattox Courthouse on April 7th…the war is over
• The South lay in ruin
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Appomattox Court HouseApril 9th, 1865
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Lincoln Assassinated
• On April 12th, while attending a play, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
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• Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President of the United States
• Johnson wants what Lincoln wanted
• Radical Republicans control plans for Reconstruction
• Johnson and Congress fight openly• Office Tenure Act and Johnson’s
Impeachment by Congress
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• Radical Republicans seek to punish the South and keep it weak
• Black Codes/5 military districts formed/Sharecropping & Tenant farming
• Freedmen’s Bureau• Carpetbaggers & Scalawags• Congress attempts to guarantee
voting & civil rights to blacks
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• 13th Amendment ends slavery in 1865
• 14th Amendment provides equal protection under the law - 1868
• 15th Amendment provides suffrage for African Americans – 1870
• Grant 1868-1876 (scandal)
• Election of 1876
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Reconstruction period ends
• Former Confederates take control of the Democratic Party to regain power
• “Jim Crow” Era begins…almost 100 years of denying full rights of citizenship to blacks
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Economic & Social Impact of the Civil War
• The South would remain a poor, agriculturally based economy
• The North emerged with strong and growing industrial economies
• The U.S. will become a global economic power by the 20th century