The Cold War Divides the World

Chinese Civil War

1927 - 1937

1949 - 1950

1937 - 1945

1945 - 1949

Nationalists -vs- Communists

Chiang kai-shek Mao Zedong

Japanese

Invade

Mainland

China

Chinese Civil War Resumed

Communists

gain control

of Mainland

China

The Cold War Divides the World

U.S. Agency formed

In 1947 U.S. Military Alliance formed

In 1949

Soviet Agency formed

In 1954 Soviet Military Alliance formed

In 1955

Military & Intelligence Organizations Formed

C.I.A. NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

K.G.B.

The Cold War Divides the World

Space & Weapons Programs Developed

New Weapon

1952-1953 August

1957

Space Programs

1957-1958

Hydrogen Bomb

ICBM’s – Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

Soviet Sputnik

U.S.

Explorer 1

The Cold War Divides the World

Space & Weapons Programs Developed

May 1960

U2 Spy Plan Incident in the USSR

U.S. Claimed plane crashed & pilot killed

The Soviets proved the U.S. lied

Plane shot down & pilot survived

The Cold War Divides the World

Korean War

(Conflict)

End of

WWII

Korea divided at the

38th Parallel

(Communist)

North Korea

Invaded (Democratic)

South Korea

U.S. led UN

Military Landings

at Inchon

June 1950:

Sept 1950:

Oct 1950:

300,000 Chinese

Troops aid

North Korea

The Cold War Divides the World

Korean War (Conflict)

Chinese Push

U.S. / UN

Troops out of

North Korea

U.S. / UN

Troops Regain

Control of

South Korea

Jan 1951:

By 1952:

In July 1953:

Stalemate &

Ceasefire

Along DMZ (38th Parallel)

The Cold War Divides the World

Vietnam War (Conflict)

Japanese were

forced out of

Vietnam at the

end of WWII

Viet-Minh

Fought against

French Control

of Vietnam

In 1945:

1946 - 1954:

In 1954:

French were

Defeated

at the Battle of

Dien Bien Phu

The Cold War Divides the World

Vietnam War (Conflict)

UN divided

Vietnam at the

17th Parallel

(Communist)

North Viet-Cong

Threaten

(Democratic)

South Vietnam

1954 - 1956:

1956 - 1963:

1963 - 1964:

U.S. Combat

Troops enter the

Vietnam War

The Cold War Divides the World

Vietnam War (Conflict)

½ Million US

Soldiers were in

Combat in

Vietnam

Richard Nixon

Becomes President Elected based on

Promise to bring

US Troops Home

By 1968:

1969:

1969 - 1973:

U.S. withdrew

Troops from

Vietnam

The Cold War Divides the World

Suez Crisis in Egypt

Egypt begins

building the

Aswan High Dam (on the Nile River)

Egypt lost Financing

From Britain & U.S. Due to constant attacks

against Israel

By 1954 - 1955:

1955

to

1956:

By

1956:

Soviet Union offered to provide

Financing to Egypt With hopes of influencing the

Spread of Communism in the Middle East

Early

1956:

Egypt seized control of

the Suez Canal

from Britain (Canal was built and managed

by a private British owned

company)

The Cold War Divides the World

Suez Crisis in Egypt

British, French and

Israeli troops invade

the Sinai Peninsula (taking back the Suez

Canal)

The U.S. and U.S.S.R.

Force both sides to

sign a Peace Treaty Due to the vital economic

and military importance of the

Suez Canal

In Mid 1956:

By Late 1956:

The Cold War Divides the World

Cuban Crisis

By the Late

1950’s:

U.S. backed Cuban

President (Dictator)

Fulgencio Batista (Due to major American

economic ties in Cuba)

Between

1958 - 1959:

Fidel Castro led a

Revolution to

overthrow Batista (Eventually accepting

military & economic

support from the Soviets)

In April

1961:

CIA helped

Cuban Counter-

Revolutionaries

Invade the

Bay of Pigs (Mission failed)

The Cold War Divides the World

Cuban Crisis In July 1962:

U.S.S.R. Placed 42

Missile sites in Cuba (Based on their promise to

continue supporting Castro)

14 Oct 1962:

U.S. Spy Planes

spot missile sites

in Cuba

21 Oct 1962:

Threats of Nuclear

War arise between

the U.S. & U.S.S.R.

The Cold War Divides the World

Cuban Crisis

Threat of Nuclear War

Causes panic in the U.S.

Many Americans

build Bomb Shelters

in their back yards

28 Oct 1962:

U.S. & U.S.S.R. Sign Missile Agreement (Soviets remove missiles in Cuba and the

United States remove missiles in Turkey)

Nuclear Weapons Stockpiles in the

United States and Soviet Union

Between 1945 - 2005

Primary Nuclear Strike

Targets in the United States

(By the Soviet Union)

Between 1960 - 1980

The Cold War Divides the World

Threat of Nuclear War

Winston Churchill

Coined a new

phrase to describe

the Soviet Union

in 1946

The Cold War Divides the World

Berlin Wall

Iron Curtain

In 1961:

Soviets built a

Wall to divide

East from West (Built overnight

between the 12th and

13th of August 1961,

Between 1962 - 1975:

Soviets extended a

Wall and Fence

around West Berlin (to prevent Easterners from

escaping to the West)

Soviets built

a new wall with

watchtowers,

electrified fences

& minefields

The Cold War Divides the World

Berlin Wall

Between 1975 - 1989:

In 1989: The wall was torn down with the collapse of the Soviet Union (Re-unifying East & West Germany)

The Cold War Divides the World

Berlin Wall

The Cold War Divides the World

Cold War Detente In 1968:

Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Treaty was signed (by President Lyndon B. Johnson)

In 1975:

In 1972:

Nixon and Brezhnev signed

the SALT I Treaty (reducing the number of ICBM’s)

In 1979:

Carter and Brezhnev signed

the SALT II Treaty (reducing the number of ICBM’s again)

35 nations signed the

Helsinki Accord

for world Detente

The Cold War Divides the World

Cold War Detente

In 1983:

President Reagan’s

Strategic Defense Initiative (Increased Tension with the U.S.S.R.)

Satellite guided Laser

Weapons Systems (Nicknamed “STAR WARS”)

The Cold War Divides the World

Surrogate or Substitute Wars

1978 to 1981:

Iranian Revolution

Anti-U.S. Religious

Fanatics overthrow

the U.S. Backed

Shah of Iran

Spiritual and

Revolutionary

Leader of Iran

Ayatollah

Khomeini

Soviet-Afghan War

The Cold War Divides the World

Surrogate or Substitute Wars

1979 – 1989:

Anti-Soviet

Revolution by

U.S. backed

Rebel Forces

Key Rebel Organization:

Mujahidin

The Cold War Divides the World

Surrogate or Substitute Wars

1979 – 1990:

Nicaraguan

Civil War

Soviet backed Sandinistas U.S. backed Contras fight

Key Leader:

Daniel Ortega