Chapter 1 with Bradley, Juan, Mary, Angela and Zak What are the contributing factors to poor health?...
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Transcript of Chapter 1 with Bradley, Juan, Mary, Angela and Zak What are the contributing factors to poor health?...
Chapter 1 with Bradley, Juan, Mary, Angela and Zak
What are the contributing factors to poor health?
Is it based on Ethnicity?
Are some groups of people more prone to certain health issues and diseases than others?
Is it a lack of knowledge/education, culture or income?
Physical Health Concerns
- Tuberculosis, anemia, hypertension, hepatitis B (50% death rate)
- Tobacco use (men): Laotians (92%), Cambodians (71%), Vietnamese (65%)
- Don’t seek medical care or preventative measures
- TCM, CHM, acupuncture
- Late diagnosis: #1 cause of death is cancer
- Language barrier and communication difficulties
Socioeconomic Barriers- Model Minority Myth (limits individualism)
- Asian Americans living below poverty: 12.6% (U.S. average: 12.4%)
- 2 million AAs without health insurance
- Small businesses, lack of skills/education
- 1/5 Asian American households = “linguistically isolated” (> age 14)
- 1/10 U.S. born AAs = limited English proficiency
Source: AAPIP
Mental Health
- Parental expectations and pressure to succeed
- Traditional belief system: lack of harmony (emotions) & evil spirits
- Least likely to utilize mental health services
- Social stigma, shame & saving face
- Depression, anxiety disorders, suicide
- Ages 15-24 and >65, Asian females = highest rate of suicide Source: CDC, 2012. High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data
From Broken Homes to a Broken System
https://youtu.be/Hdt9ZBQy7WM
Issues Facing Native American Teens: Historical Context
Indian Health Service (IHS): provides federal health services to Native peoples.
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA): responsible for management of Native held land.
Bureau of Indian Education (BIE): Provides educational opportunities and funding to primary/secondary schools.
Major Issues Facing All Native Americans
1. Native American poverty rate: 23.6%
2. 12% of homes lack safe water and sanitation
3. 24% lack health insurance
4. 50% High School graduation rate
5. 13.3% undergraduate degree
Major Concerns for Native American Youth
Compared to National Averages:
1. Suicide Prevention: 4 times higher in males, 11 times higher
in females
2. Obesity and Diabetes: 177% higher incidence of diabetes
3. Substance/Drug Abuse: 514% higher incidence of alcohol
mortality
4. Violence: 15% of NA Teens participate in Gang Activity
Hispanic Americans (Demographics)
- 54 million Hispanics live in the United States
- Hispanics account for 17% of the U.S. population
- California has 14.7 million Hispanic Americans
- Only 6.8% of college students are Hispanic
- 29.1% of Hispanics lack health insurance
Life Expectancy of Hispanic Americans (2013)
- Hispanic men on average live 79.1 years.
- White men on average live 76.5 years.
- Hispanic women on average live 83.8 years.
- White women on average live 81.2 years.
Source: CDC, Health United States, 2014. Table 16.
Death Rate in 2010
Age-adjusted Death Rate per 100,000 populationDeath Rate in 2013
Cause of Death
Hispanic Men/Wome
n
Non-Hispanic White
Men/Women
Diseases of heart
132.8 179.9
Diabetes mellitus
27.1 18.2
Unintentional injury
25.8 42.4
Suicide 5.9 15.0
Cause of Death
Hispanic Men/Women
Non-Hispanic White
Men/Women
Diseases of heart
121.2 171.8
Diabetes mellitus
26.3 18.6
Unintentional injury
26.9 44.2
Suicide 5.7 15.9
Source: CDC, Health United States, 2014. Table 18.
New cancer cases per 100,000 population
Men (2011) Women (2011)
Cancer Hispanic Men
Non-Hispanic White Men
All Sites 385.6 518.1
Prostate 108.1 134.0
Lung 35.2 63.5
Colon 42.6 43.4
Cancer Hispanic Women
Non-Hispanic White Women
All Sites 322.5 433.5
Breast 95.0 137.0
Lung 23.4 50.2
Colon 28.8 34.2
Source: CDC, Health United States, 2014. Table 40.
African American Health All Ages (2013)Number of AA: 40.8 million (about 13% of population)
Smoking: 22.7% males, 15.2% females
Obesity: 37.9% males, 57.6% females
Hypertension: 39.9% males, 44.5% females
Leading Causes of Death: Heart Disease, Cancer, Stroke
HIV/AIDS: 49% of reported cases
African American Youth Health Risk (2010)1. Ages 2-19 16.9% obese or 1 in 6, 14.8% overweight
2. Among AA children, 11.4% of those ages 2-5 are obese.
3. Last 20 years, ages 12-19 obesity grew 10.5% to 18.1%.
4. In AA, obesity rates grew from 13.4% to 24.4%
5. 2008, AA ages 12-19: 29.9% obese (highest rate of any age, gender& ethnicity)
Socioeconomic Status in African Americans1. AA children are 3x more likely to
live in poverty than Caucasian children. (2007)
2. Unemployment rates for AA are typically double those of Caucasians (2008)
3. AA men working full time earn 72% of the average earnings of Caucasian men and 85% of Caucasian women. (2008)
ethnicity% of Uninsured
% of two parent households
% in poverty % with BA
Asian Americans
18% n/a 12% 50%
Native Americans
29.2% 57% 28.4% 13%
Hispanic Americans
29.1% 65.1% 25.6% 13.8%
African Americans
30% 44% 27.4% 18%
Is it ethnicity? Family structure?
Quiz for Snacks
What factors are contributing to the health risks for minorities?- Is it income?- Lack of health insurance?- Families without two parents?- Demographics?
Sourcescdc.gov
factfinder.census.gov
census.gov
Horwitz, Sari. “From Broken Homes to a Broken System.” Washington Post. November 28, 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/national/2014/11/28/from-broken-homes-to-a-broken-system/
“Native American Youth 101: Information on the Historical Context and Current Status of Indian Country and Native American Youth”. The Aspen Institute. 2012. http://www.aspeninstitute.org/sites/default/files/content/upload/Native%20American%20Youth%20101_higres.pdf
http://www.cahperd.org/cms-assets/documents/28168-686161.overweightobesityafricanameryouth.pdf
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/black-health.htm
https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/aapi/data/critical-issues
http://www.aahiinfo.org/english/asianAmericans.php
Kramer EJ, Kwong K, Lee E, Chung H. Cultural factors influencing the mental health of Asian Americans. Western Journal of Medicine. 2002;176(4):227-231.
http://talkpoverty.org/2015/05/12/unspoken-problem-language-barriers-poverty-aapi-community/4
http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/factsheet-erm.aspx