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Chapter 1 Introduction to Renewable Energy1Introduction to Renewable Energy (RE)Definition: RE is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).RE resource can be defined as energy that occurs naturally in a cycle manner that is replaceable faster than or equal to the rate it is consumed.2Benefit of RE ResourcesTo fight against climate change - environmental pollution, emission of hazardous gasses eg. Greenhouse Gasses (GHG), global warming, depleting ozone layer, increase earth temperature.To meet the Kyoto Protocol targets more quickly.Helps reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.Follow global energy situation and demand carbon free energy sources demand will go up in the coming years.To enhance energy security against energy crisis.Increase standard of living especially those in remote areaCreate local employment and local economic activity- job creation, people spend money3Why Renewable Energy in Malaysia?It is unlikely that domestic oil and gas production will grow substantially beyond current levels, as the oil and gas discoveries from the mature basins are, on average, smaller than in the past.4Oil and gas production in Malaysia is likely to decline by 1 to 2% per year on average in the coming decade.

Malaysia is going to need more energy as the economy continues to grow: 6 GW of new generation capacity is expected to be needed by 2020.5The power sector faces a major challenge as declining gas production will have an impact on the power generation industry. Currently, 58% of powergeneration in Malaysia is based on natural gas, with the remainder coming from coal (37%) and hydro (5%).Malaysia is among the countries with the fasted growing carbon emissions!6Target of RE in Malaysia (2015)

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Energy in 20129

10Challenges of implementing REN in MalaysiaCost cost of power generation is still high because almost all technologies are imported.Suitable site not all sites are suitable for REN. Wind required adequate wind speed.Microhydro required continuous water flow. Biomass required continuous supply.Human resources lack of skill worked in this area.Not sure of feasibility and sustainability of the RE sources making investment restricted.11Classification of energy resources

1212Classification of Energy ResoucesDirect - direct use of solar energy to achieve an outcome or work done.Direct use of solar energy can be classifiedPassivePassive solar energy can be exploited through green design involved such as engineering, building physic, interior design, architectural design, as by positioning windows to allow sunlight to enter and help heat a space.

Example : Ancient people used passive solar energy systems by building their houses out of stone or clay, which absorbed the suns heat during the day and stayed warm after dark, providing heat throughout the night.

Example : Builders today use similar methods for passively capturing solar energy. For example, they construct houses with large double- or triple-pane windows that get direct sunlight to capture and magnify the suns warmth. 13II. ActiveActive solar energy involves the conversion of sunlight to electrical energy, especially in solar (photovoltaic) cells.

Example: use the same principles as passive systems except that they use a fluid (such as water) to absorb the heat. A solar collector positioned on the roofs of buildings heats the fluid and then pumps it through a system of pipes to heat the whole building.

Example: direct conversion of light into electricity (Photovoltaic cell convert energy of sunlight into electricity)

141. Indirect -indirect use of solar energy to achieve an outcome or work done2.Indirect use of solar energy can be classifiedI. Fossil based technologiesa) Coal coal-fired electricity generation is a five-step process: Thermal coal (either black or brown) that has been pulverised to a fine powder is burned. The resulting heat is used to turn water into steam. The steam at very high pressure is then used to spin a turbine, connected to an electrical generator.They are combusted to produce heat, power or processed to produce other product 15Coal-Fired plant

16b) Natural Gas - flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in association with petroleum) and used as fuel. There are 21 Gas-fired Power plant in Malaysia (Selangor Gas-fired plant -- Connaught Bridge Power Station, Genting Sanyen Kuala Langat Power Plant, Putrajaya Power Station)17c) Oil - a viscous liquid derived from petroleum, especially for use as a fuel or lubricant. They are combusted to produce heat, power or processed to produce other product. There are 5 Gas-fired Power plant in Malaysia (eg.Penang- Gelugor Power Station (TNB))18II. Non-fossil based Technologies BiomassGeothermal HydropowerWave Wind(Refer to PDF file (i) Chapter 1-Picture and (ii) advantages and issues of RE- all in I-learn)19Example Wind

Wind TurbineWind Turbine at the sea

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