The Future of Criminal Justice Chapter 18 Frank Schmalleger Criminal Justice Today 13 th Edition.
Chapter 1 Criminal Justice Today
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Transcript of Chapter 1 Criminal Justice Today
Chapter 1Criminal Justice Today
Learning Objective 1Describe the two most common
models of how society determines which acts are criminal.
Learning Objective 1The Consensus Model
Assumes that a diverse group of people have similar morals and share an ideal of what is “right” and “wrong.”
Crime are acts that violate this shared value system and are deemed harmful to society.
Learning Objective 1The Conflict Model
Assumes that society is so diverse that members do not share moral attitudes.
The most politically powerful members of society have the most influence on criminal law and impose their value system on the community.
Learning Objective 2Define crime and the different
types of crime.
Learning Objective 2An Integrated Definition of Crime
Crime is an action that is punishable under criminal law as defined by a society.
Considered an offense against society as a whole, not against the victim.
Punishable by statutorily determined sanctions that bring about a loss of personal freedom.
Learning Objective 2Criminal behavior can be grouped
into six categories:
1. Violent crime
2. Property crime
3. Public order crime
4. White collar crime
5. Organized crime
6. High-tech crime
Learning Objective 2The Criminal Justice System is
composed of three components:
Law enforcement agencies
Courts
Corrections
The Criminal Justice System divides its power between the federal government and the states. This is known as federalism.
Learning Objective 3Outline the three levels of law
enforcement.
Learning Objective 3Local law enforcement
City police agencies
County Sheriffs
State law enforcement
State police
Highway patrols
Other state law enforcers such as fire marshals, wildlife wardens, beverage control officers, etc.
Learning Objective 3Federal law enforcement
The Department of Homeland SecurityThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)The Secret Service The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms
and Explosives (ATF)
The CourtsThe United States has a duel court system.Comprised of one federal court and fifty
different state court systems.
Learning Objective 4List the essential elements of
the corrections systems.
Learning Objective 4The Corrections systems includes:
Prisons
Jails
Community-based corrections (ex: probation)
Parole
Learning Objective 5Explain the difference between
the formal and informal criminal justice processes.
Learning Objective 5The formal criminal justice process
Functions as an assembly-line
The informal criminal justice processBased on the use of discretion
Learning Objective 6Describe the layers of the
“wedding cake” model.
Learning Objective 7Contrast the crime control and
due process models.
Discussion QuestionsWhat are the major steps in
the pretrial process?
Are there any potential conflicts between due process and crime control?
Video: Pre-Trial Release Officer – Fulton County Superior Court
Learning Objective 7The crime control model
Primary emphasis on the right of society to be protected from crime.
The due process model Primary emphasis on the right of the
individual to be protected from the power of government.
Learning Objective 8 List the major issues in
criminal justice today.
Learning Objective 8Concern about violent crime
Gun sales and gun controlThe illegal drugs problem
Challenges to law enforcement Street gangsDNA profilingHomeland security
Challenges to correctionsThe growing prison populationEconomics of incarceration