Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Networking with Microsoft Windows 2000 Server.
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Transcript of Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Networking with Microsoft Windows 2000 Server.
Chapter 1
Chapter 1: Networking with Microsoft
Windows 2000 Server
Chapter 1: Networking with Microsoft
Windows 2000 Server
Chapter 1
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Plan what network model to apply to Plan what network model to apply to your networkyour network
Compare the differences between Compare the differences between Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and DatacenterAdvanced Server, and Datacenter
Explain Windows 2000 capabilities as a Explain Windows 2000 capabilities as a server operating systemserver operating system
Chapter 1
Learning Objectives (continued)Learning Objectives (continued)
Explain the new features in Windows Explain the new features in Windows 20002000
Describe the file systems that are Describe the file systems that are compatible with Windows 2000 and compatible with Windows 2000 and choose the file system that is right for choose the file system that is right for your serveryour server
Chapter 1
Basic Network ConceptsBasic Network Concepts
Network Operating System (NOS)Network Operating System (NOS) Software that enables computer users to Software that enables computer users to
share computer equipment, software, and share computer equipment, software, and data, voice, and video transmissionsdata, voice, and video transmissions
NetworkNetwork A communications system that enables A communications system that enables
computer users to share computer computer users to share computer equipment, software, and data, voice, and equipment, software, and data, voice, and video transmissionsvideo transmissions
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Basic Network ConceptsBasic Network Concepts
Network in the UnitedStates
Network in Austra lia
Figure 1-1 Figure 1-1 Networking across Networking across
continentscontinents
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Basic Network ConceptsBasic Network Concepts
ClientClient A computer that accesses resources on A computer that accesses resources on
another computer via a network or by a another computer via a network or by a direct connectiondirect connection
Chapter 1
Basic Network ConceptsBasic Network Concepts
WorkstationWorkstation A computer that has its own CPU and may A computer that has its own CPU and may
be used as a standalone computer for word be used as a standalone computer for word processing, spreadsheet creation, or other processing, spreadsheet creation, or other software applications. It also may be used software applications. It also may be used to access another computer such as a to access another computer such as a mainframe computer or file server, as long mainframe computer or file server, as long as the necessary network hardware and as the necessary network hardware and software are installed.software are installed.
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Peer-to-Peer Network ModelPeer-to-Peer Network Model
Peer-to-peer networkPeer-to-peer network A network where any computer can A network where any computer can
communicate with other networked communicate with other networked computers on an equal or peer-like basis computers on an equal or peer-like basis without going through an intermediary, without going through an intermediary, such as a server or host.such as a server or host.
Often used in very small organizations, Often used in very small organizations, such as a two to ten person office.such as a two to ten person office.
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A Simple Peer-to-peer NetworkA Simple Peer-to-peer Network
Hub
Figure 1-2 A simple peer-to-peer network without a serverFigure 1-2 A simple peer-to-peer network without a server
Chapter 1
Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking
Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking
A group of computers can share files, A group of computers can share files, folders, and printersfolders, and printers
Peer-to-peer networking is easy to set upPeer-to-peer networking is easy to set up Supports using workgroupsSupports using workgroups
A Microsoft workgroup is a number of users A Microsoft workgroup is a number of users who share drive and printer resources in an who share drive and printer resources in an independent peer-to-peer relationship. independent peer-to-peer relationship.
Chapter 1
Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking
Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking
Offers only moderate network securityOffers only moderate network security No centralized storage or account No centralized storage or account
management management Not effective for complex network Not effective for complex network
managementmanagement Not optimized for simultaneous access Not optimized for simultaneous access
by over 9 or 10 computersby over 9 or 10 computers
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Server-Based Network ModelServer-Based Network Model
Server-based networkServer-based network A model in which access to the network, to A model in which access to the network, to
resources, and the management of resources, and the management of resources is accomplished through one or resources is accomplished through one or more servers.more servers.
Used particularly in medium and large Used particularly in medium and large organizations.organizations.
Chapter 1
A Server-Based NetworkA Server-Based Network
W indows 3.11
W indows 95
W indows 2000 Professional
W indows 98
W indows NT W orkstation 4.0 Connecting hub
W indows 2000 Server
M acintosh
UNIX
Figure 1-3 A server-based networkFigure 1-3 A server-based network
Chapter 1
Advantages of the Server-Based ModelAdvantages of the
Server-Based Model
Provides extensive multiuser access to Provides extensive multiuser access to resourcesresources
Ideal for coordinated server and Ideal for coordinated server and network managementnetwork management
Provides robust security to network Provides robust security to network resourcesresources
Contributes to fast network performanceContributes to fast network performance
Chapter 1
Disadvantages of the Server-Based ModelDisadvantages of the Server-Based Model
Generally requires more advanced Generally requires more advanced planning than peer-to-peer networkingplanning than peer-to-peer networking
Can be more complex to set up than Can be more complex to set up than peer-to-peer networkingpeer-to-peer networking
Chapter 1
Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model
Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model
Enables extensive file, folder, and printer Enables extensive file, folder, and printer sharingsharing
Access to resources can be centralized, Access to resources can be centralized, decentralized, or a combination of bothdecentralized, or a combination of both
Provides robust management of software Provides robust management of software applicationsapplications
Provides a strong platform for e-mail, Provides a strong platform for e-mail, Web services, and e-commerceWeb services, and e-commerce
Chapter 1
Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model (continued)Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model (continued)
Enables coordinated backups of Enables coordinated backups of network data resourcesnetwork data resources
Sharing of computer resources can be Sharing of computer resources can be arranged to reflect the work patterns of arranged to reflect the work patterns of groups within an organizationgroups within an organization
Server administration can save time and Server administration can save time and money when installing software and money when installing software and software upgradessoftware upgrades
Chapter 1
Total Cost of OwnershipTotal Cost of Ownership
Total Cost of Ownership: The cost of Total Cost of Ownership: The cost of installing and maintaining computers installing and maintaining computers and equipment on a network, which and equipment on a network, which includes hardware, software, includes hardware, software, maintenance, and support costs.maintenance, and support costs.
Chapter 1
Windows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 Professional
Designed for workstation useDesigned for workstation use Used with Windows 2000 Server to Used with Windows 2000 Server to
reduce the TCOreduce the TCO Supports up to two processorsSupports up to two processors Handles up to 4 GB of RAMHandles up to 4 GB of RAM
Chapter 1
Windows 2000 ServerWindows 2000 Server
A full featured server operating systemA full featured server operating system Supports up to four processorsSupports up to four processors Handles up to 4 GB of RAMHandles up to 4 GB of RAM Offers a wide range of services and Offers a wide range of services and
user connectivity optionsuser connectivity options
Chapter 1
Example Windows 2000 Server Services
Example Windows 2000 Server Services
Handles virtually unlimited user Handles virtually unlimited user connections (depending on the connections (depending on the hardware)hardware)
Active Directory managementActive Directory management Network managementNetwork management Web-based management servicesWeb-based management services Network-wide security managementNetwork-wide security management
Chapter 1
Example Windows 2000 Server Services (continued)
Example Windows 2000 Server Services (continued)
Network storage managementNetwork storage management Remote network access Remote network access Terminal servicesTerminal services Distributed file servicesDistributed file services High-speed network connectivityHigh-speed network connectivity Application services managementApplication services management Network printer managementNetwork printer management
Chapter 1
Windows 2000 Server Versions Target Applications
Windows 2000 Server Versions Target Applications
Windows 2000 ServerWindows 2000 Server Provides full server services as a file, print, Provides full server services as a file, print,
Web, e-mail, and e-commerce serverWeb, e-mail, and e-commerce server Windows 2000 Advanced ServerWindows 2000 Advanced Server
Intended for high-end enterprise networks Intended for high-end enterprise networks that use server clusteringthat use server clustering
Windows 2000 DatacenterWindows 2000 Datacenter Intended for large databasesIntended for large databases
Chapter 1
Windows 2000 Server Versions Compared
Windows 2000 Server Versions Compared
Windows 2000 ServerWindows 2000 Server Up to 4 processors and 4 GB of RAMUp to 4 processors and 4 GB of RAM
Windows 2000 Advanced ServerWindows 2000 Advanced Server Up to 8 processors, 8 GB of RAM, and Up to 8 processors, 8 GB of RAM, and
supports server clusteringsupports server clustering Windows 2000 DatacenterWindows 2000 Datacenter
Up to 32 processors, 64 GB of RAM, and Up to 32 processors, 64 GB of RAM, and supports server clusteringsupports server clustering
Chapter 1
Server ClusteringServer Clustering
Clustering: The ability to share the Clustering: The ability to share the computing load and resources by linking computing load and resources by linking two or more discrete computer systems two or more discrete computer systems to function as though they are one.to function as though they are one.
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ClusteringClustering
W orkstation
W orkstation
Connecting hub
W indows 2000 Server
W indows 2000 Server
W indows 2000 Server
W orkstation
W orkstation
W orkstation
C lusteredservers
acting asone
Figure 1-4Figure 1-4Server clusteringServer clustering
Chapter 1
Windows 2000 Server Fundamental CapabilitiesWindows 2000 Server
Fundamental Capabilities
Sharing ResourcesSharing Resources Managing ResourcesManaging Resources Scalability and compatibilityScalability and compatibility ReliabilityReliability DistributabilityDistributability Fault toleranceFault tolerance Internet integration and e-commerceInternet integration and e-commerce
Chapter 1
Sharing ResourcesSharing Resources
Data files and foldersData files and folders Centralized access and fast searches, particularly Centralized access and fast searches, particularly
when the Active Directory is implementedwhen the Active Directory is implemented
PrintersPrinters Easily configured and published printer resourcesEasily configured and published printer resources
Application SoftwareApplication Software Network installation or option to run software on Network installation or option to run software on
the serverthe server
Chapter 1
Mapped Drive or FolderMapped Drive or Folder
Mapped drive or folder: A disk volume Mapped drive or folder: A disk volume or folder that is shared on the network or folder that is shared on the network by a server or workstation. It gives by a server or workstation. It gives designated network workstations designated network workstations access to the files and data in its shared access to the files and data in its shared volume or folder. The workstation, via volume or folder. The workstation, via software, determines a drive letter for software, determines a drive letter for the shared volume, which is the the shared volume, which is the workstation’s map to the data. workstation’s map to the data.
Chapter 1
Shared DrivesShared Drives
W orkstation
W orkstation
W orkstation
W orkstation
W orkstation Connecting hub
W indows 2000 Server
W orkstation (laptop)
Laser prin ter
W orkstationaccessingshared driveson the server
Shareddrives
Figure 1-5Figure 1-5Accessing sharedAccessing shared
server drivesserver drives
Chapter 1
Managing ResourcesManaging Resources
Windows 2000 provides a coordinated Windows 2000 provides a coordinated way to manage network resourcesway to manage network resources
The Active Directory is one example of The Active Directory is one example of a resource management toola resource management tool
Chapter 1
ResourceResource
Resource: has two meanings depending on Resource: has two meanings depending on the contextthe context On an Windows 2000 Server network, a file On an Windows 2000 Server network, a file
server, shared printer, or shared directory server, shared printer, or shared directory that can be accessed by usersthat can be accessed by users
On a workstation or server, a resource is On a workstation or server, a resource is an IRQ, I/O address, or memory that is an IRQ, I/O address, or memory that is allocated to a computer component, such allocated to a computer component, such as a disk drive or communications portas a disk drive or communications port
Chapter 1
SecuritySecurity
Windows 2000 Server is designed to be Windows 2000 Server is designed to be compatible with the U.S. Government’s compatible with the U.S. Government’s C2 top secret class of security:C2 top secret class of security: File and folder protectionFile and folder protection Account and network access passwordsAccount and network access passwords File, folder, and account auditingFile, folder, and account auditing Server access protection on a networkServer access protection on a network Server management controlsServer management controls
Chapter 1
Scalability and CompatibilityScalability and Compatibility
Scalable: A computer operating system Scalable: A computer operating system that can be used on small to large that can be used on small to large computers, such as those with a single computers, such as those with a single Intel-based processor and larger Intel-based processor and larger computers, such as those with multiple computers, such as those with multiple processors.processors.
Chapter 1
Symmetric MultiprocessorSymmetric Multiprocessor
Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP): A Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP): A type of computer with two or more type of computer with two or more CPUs that share the processing load.CPUs that share the processing load.
Chapter 1
Windows 2000 Server Host System Compatibility
Windows 2000 Server Host System Compatibility
Windows 2000 Server can communicate with Windows 2000 Server can communicate with many kinds of other host operating systems.many kinds of other host operating systems. IBM mainframeIBM mainframe Novell NetWareNovell NetWare UNIXUNIX BanyanBanyan DECDEC
Chapter 1
Windows 2000 Server Client System Compatibility
Windows 2000 Server Client System Compatibility
Typical operating systems that access Typical operating systems that access Windows 2000 Server as clients are:Windows 2000 Server as clients are: MS-DOSMS-DOS Windows 3.xWindows 3.x Windows 95 and Windows 98Windows 95 and Windows 98 Windows NT Windows NT Windows 2000Windows 2000 MacintoshMacintosh UNIXUNIX
Chapter 1
ReliabilityReliability
Windows 2000 Server is reliable Windows 2000 Server is reliable because the kernel operates in because the kernel operates in privileged modeprivileged mode
MS-DOS and Windows 16-bit programs MS-DOS and Windows 16-bit programs run in the virtual DOS machine so they run in the virtual DOS machine so they do not impact 32-bit programs and the do not impact 32-bit programs and the operating system, which are running at operating system, which are running at the same timethe same time
Chapter 1
Operating System KernelOperating System Kernel
Kernel: An essential set of programs Kernel: An essential set of programs and computer code that allows a and computer code that allows a computer operating system to control computer operating system to control processor, disk, memory, and other processor, disk, memory, and other functions central to the basic operation functions central to the basic operation of a computer.of a computer.
Chapter 1
Windows 2000 Privileged ModeWindows 2000 Privileged Mode
Privileged mode: A protected memory Privileged mode: A protected memory space allocated for the Windows 2000 space allocated for the Windows 2000 kernel that cannot be directly accessed kernel that cannot be directly accessed by software applications.by software applications.
Chapter 1
Virtual DOS MachineVirtual DOS Machine
Virtual DOS Machine: Virtual DOS Machine: In Windows 2000, a In Windows 2000, a process that emulates an MS-DOS process that emulates an MS-DOS window in which to run MS-DOS or 16-bit window in which to run MS-DOS or 16-bit Windows programs in a designated area Windows programs in a designated area of memory.of memory.
Chapter 1
Multitasking and MultithreadingMultitasking and Multithreading
Windows 2000 reliability includes Windows 2000 reliability includes multitasking and multithreading.multitasking and multithreading. Multitasking: The capability of a computer Multitasking: The capability of a computer
to run two or more programs at the same to run two or more programs at the same time.time.
Multithreading:Multithreading: Running several program Running several program processes or parts (threads) at the same processes or parts (threads) at the same time. Windows 2000 uses preemptive time. Windows 2000 uses preemptive multitasking.multitasking.
Chapter 1
Fault ToleranceFault Tolerance
Fault Tolerance: Techniques that Fault Tolerance: Techniques that employ hardware and software to employ hardware and software to provide assurance against equipment provide assurance against equipment failures, computer service interruptions, failures, computer service interruptions, and data loss.and data loss.
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Internet Integration and Electronic Commerce
Internet Integration and Electronic Commerce
Windows 2000 Server comes with many Windows 2000 Server comes with many Internet-related services.Internet-related services. Web serverWeb server Intranet and VPN servicesIntranet and VPN services Media servicesMedia services HTML and XML compatibilityHTML and XML compatibility FTP ServicesFTP Services
Chapter 1
New Windows 2000 Server Features
New Windows 2000 Server Features
Active DirectoryActive Directory A Windows 2000 database of computers, A Windows 2000 database of computers,
users, shared printers, shared folders, and users, shared printers, shared folders, and other network resources, and resource other network resources, and resource groupings that is used to manage a groupings that is used to manage a network and enable users to quickly find a network and enable users to quickly find a particular resource.particular resource.
Chapter 1
New Windows 2000 Server Features (continued)
New Windows 2000 Server Features (continued)
International language capabilityInternational language capability Supports more languages and even Supports more languages and even
multiple versions of the same language, multiple versions of the same language, such as English used in Britain or English such as English used in Britain or English used in the United Statesused in the United States
Chapter 1
FAT16FAT16
AdvantagesAdvantages Supported by may small computer systemsSupported by may small computer systems Low operating overheadLow operating overhead Partitions up to 4 GB (in Windows NT or 2000)Partitions up to 4 GB (in Windows NT or 2000) File sizes up to 2 GBFile sizes up to 2 GB
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Can become corrupted over timeCan become corrupted over time Limited file and folder security and no auditingLimited file and folder security and no auditing Does not support long filenamesDoes not support long filenames
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FAT32FAT32
AdvantagesAdvantages More robust then FAT16More robust then FAT16 Enables smaller allocation units than FAT16 (in Enables smaller allocation units than FAT16 (in
Windows 2000)Windows 2000) Supports volumes up to 32 GB in Windows 2000Supports volumes up to 32 GB in Windows 2000 Supports long file namesSupports long file names
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Limited file and folder security and no auditingLimited file and folder security and no auditing Cannot decrease cluster sizeCannot decrease cluster size
Chapter 1
NTFS 4NTFS 4
NTFS 4 is used in Windows NT 4.0 and has NTFS 4 is used in Windows NT 4.0 and has the following featuresthe following features Support for long file namesSupport for long file names Files can be compressedFiles can be compressed Large file capacityLarge file capacity File activity trackingFile activity tracking POSIX supportPOSIX support Volume striping and volume extensionsVolume striping and volume extensions
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NTFS 5NTFS 5
NTFS 5 is used in Windows 2000 and has the NTFS 5 is used in Windows 2000 and has the following new features following new features Ability to encrypt filesAbility to encrypt files No system reboot after creating extended or No system reboot after creating extended or
spanned volumesspanned volumes Ability to reduce drive designations (mount drives)Ability to reduce drive designations (mount drives) Indexing for fast accessIndexing for fast access Ability to retain shortcuts and other file information Ability to retain shortcuts and other file information
when files are transferred between volumeswhen files are transferred between volumes Ability to set disk quotasAbility to set disk quotas
Chapter 1
CDFS and UDFCDFS and UDF
Windows 2000 supports CDFS and Windows 2000 supports CDFS and UDFUDF Compact disk file system (CDFS) is a 32-Compact disk file system (CDFS) is a 32-
bit file system used on standard capacity bit file system used on standard capacity CD-ROMs.CD-ROMs.
Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a removable disk formatting standard used removable disk formatting standard used for large capacity CD-ROMs and DVD-for large capacity CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs.ROMs.
Chapter 1
Choosing a File SystemChoosing a File System
As a general rule, plan to use NTFS unless As a general rule, plan to use NTFS unless you need to use FAT16 or FAT32 for you need to use FAT16 or FAT32 for backward compatibility on a system, such as backward compatibility on a system, such as for a dual boot system.for a dual boot system.
Chapter 1
FAT and NTFS ComparedFAT and NTFS Compared
Feature FAT16 FAT32 NTFS
Total volume size 4 GB 2 GB to 2 TB 2 TB
Maximum file size 2 GB 4 GB Theoretical
limit of 16
exabytes
Compatible with
floppy disks
Yes Yes No
Table 1-1 FAT and NTFS compared
Chapter 1
FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)
FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)
Feature FAT16 FAT32 NTFS
Filename length 11 characters 256 characters 256 characters
Security Limited security
based on
attributes and
shares
Limited security
based on
attributes and
shares
C2 compatible
security and
auditing options
File
compression
Supported with
extra utilities
Supported with
extra utilities
Supported as part
of NTFS
Chapter 1
FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)
FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)
Feature FAT16 FAT32 NTFS
File activity
tracking
None None Tracking via a log
POSIX support None Limited POSIX.1 support
Hot fix Limited Limited Supports hot fix
Chapter 1
FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)
FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)
Feature FAT16 FAT32 NTFS
Large database
support
Limited Yes Yes
Multiple disk
drives in one
volume
No No Yes
Chapter 1
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
Network servers are used in familiar Network servers are used in familiar and expected places. One example of a and expected places. One example of a familiar place is as a Web server. familiar place is as a Web server.
The use of server-based networks is The use of server-based networks is outpacing peer-to-peer networks.outpacing peer-to-peer networks.
Chapter 1
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
Windows 2000 Server offers traditional Windows 2000 Server offers traditional and new server capabilitiesand new server capabilities File and printer sharingFile and printer sharing C2-compatible securityC2-compatible security Web and network communicationsWeb and network communications Network management capabilitiesNetwork management capabilities Active DirectoryActive Directory Zero Administration for WindowsZero Administration for Windows
Chapter 1
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
NTFS is a central feature of Windows NTFS is a central feature of Windows 2000 because it offers:2000 because it offers: Strong securityStrong security Fault toleranceFault tolerance File compressionFile compression IndexingIndexing Disk quotasDisk quotas File encryptionFile encryption
Chapter 1
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
Windows 2000 retains backward Windows 2000 retains backward compatibility with:compatibility with: FAT16FAT16 FAT32FAT32