Chapter 1: Basic mathematics - · PDF fileBrotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia...
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Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 1 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 1: Basic mathematics
Page 3
Add up the following:
Activity 1
5tablets
Activity 2
5
Activity 3
7mL
Activity 4
7
Activity 5
7.5mL
Page 6
Calculate the following:
Activity 6
3tablets
Activity 7
1caplet
Activity 8
0.6mL
Activity 9
3capsules
Page 7
Activity 10
194.5mL
Page 8
Multiply the following:
Activity 11
30tablets
Page 9
Activity 12
72caplets
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 1 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 2
Activity 13
4mL
Page 10
Activity 14
25mL
Page 11
Activity 15
30days
Page 12
Activity 16
10days
Activity 17
5doses
Page 13
Activity 18
10hours
Activity 19
2hours
Page 15
Calculate the following:
Activity 20
BMI 45.67
Activity 21
BMI 30.08
Activity 22
IBW 77kg
Activity 23
CrCl 9.04mL/minute
Page 16
Activity 24
a
b
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c
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Activity 25
a
b
c
d or
e
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Activity 26
a
b
c
d
e
Page 19
Activity 27
a ×2
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b ×3
c
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Activity 28
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Page 22
Activity 29
a
b
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c
d
e
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Activity 30
a
b
c
d
e
Page 25
Activity 31
a
b
c
d
e
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Page 25
Activity 32
a
b
c
d
e
Page 26
Activity 33
a
b
c
d
e
Page 27
Activity 34
a
b
c
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d
e
Page 28
Activity 35
a
b
c
d
e
Page 29
Activity 36
a .
b .
c .
d .
e .
Page 30
Activity 37
a .
b .
c .
d .
e .
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Activity 38
a .
b .
c .
d .
e .
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Activity 39
a .
b .
c .
d .
e .
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Activity 40
a 58
b 58
c 26
d 28
e 3
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Activity 41
a .
b .
c .
d .
e .
Page 34
Activity 42
a
b
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c
d
e
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Activity 43
a .
b .
c .
d .
e .
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Activity 44
Calculate the following:
a ∶
b ∶ ∶
c ∶ ∶
d ∶ ∶
e ∶
Page 37
Activity 45
Write the following ratios in fraction format.
a
b
c
d
e
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 1 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 10
Activity 46
Write the following fractions in a numerical ratio format.
a ∶
b ∶
c ∶
d ∶
e ∶
Page 38
Activity 47
Convert the following decimals to percentages.
a %
b %
c %
d %
e %
Activity 48
a .
b .
c .
d .
e .
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Activity 49
Convert the following fractions to percentages.
a %
b %
c %
d %
e %
Activity 50
a
b or
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Chapter 1 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 11
c
d
e
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 2 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 2: Units of measurement
Page 48
Activity 1
𝐚 0.014 grams
𝐛 0.250 mg
𝐜 1500 mL
𝐝 1500 mcg
𝐞 400 grams
𝐟 3.2 L
𝐠 0.5 g
𝐡 0.125 mg
Activity 2
𝐚 2 tablets
𝐛 2 capsules
𝐜 2 tablets
𝐝 3 tablets
𝐞 1250 mL
Activity 3
𝐚 1200 mg
𝐛 700 mg
𝐜 50 mcg
𝐝 2300 mcg
𝐞 1070 000 mcg
𝐟 1400 000 mg
𝐠 0.006 mg is smaller
𝐡 0.06 mg is smaller
𝐢 6 mcg is smaller
𝐣 0.0006 mg is smaller
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 2 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 2
Page 52
Activity 4
Draw a line to indicate where you would draw the liquid up to with these syringes.
a
b
c
d
e
f
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 2 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 3
g
h
i
j
𝐤 1 mL 5 = 0.2 mL
𝐥 5 mL 5 = 1.0 mL
𝐦 1 mL 5 = 0.2 mL
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Chapter 2 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 4
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Activity 5
a
b
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c
d
Page 57
Activity 6
What is the volume of liquid found in each of these measuring devices?
𝐚 7.5 mL
𝐛 3 mL
𝐜 25 mL
𝐝 10 mL
𝐞 4 mL
𝐟 7.4 mL
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 3 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 3: Medication charts
Page 61
Activity 1
The patients could be given each other’s medication without the nurse having the ability to check the identification of the correct patient.
Potential for anaphylaxis and death if one of the patients is allergic to the other’s medications.
Present medical conditions may not be treated by other person’s medicine. In fact, this could lead to life threatening ramifications.
Mrs Brown would not be able to have surgery if she received antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic agents and potentially Warfarin for atrial fibrillation.
Activity 2
Potential outcomes for Christine:
Anaphylaxis because she is allergic to penicillin.
Potential outcomes for Christopher:
He may have adverse reactions to the other medicines on Christine’s drug chart.
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Chapter 3 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 2
Locate the areas in the Patient Identification panel that would prevent these errors from being made:
URN
Address
Date of Birth
Sex.
Note: any allergies will be recorded in the allergy section of the drug chart.
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Activity 3
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Activity 4
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Activity 5
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Activity 6
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Chapter 3 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 4
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Activity 7
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Chapter 3 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 5
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Activity 8a
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Activity 8b
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Activity 9a
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Chapter 3 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 6
Activity 9b
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Activity 10a
Activity 10b
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 4 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 4: Using quality and risk management principles in drug calculations
Page 92
Activity 1
1 tablet
Page 93
Activity 2
(more than 5 mL and less than 10 mL)
Dose = 8.3 mL
Page 94
Activity 3
(less than 1 mL)
Dose = 0.6 mL
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 5 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 5: General drug calculations
Page 98
Activity 1
Dose range is 340 − 595 mg
Activity 2
Expected dose = 325 mg
Activity 3
Expected dose = 2790 mg
Page 100
Activity 4
dose =1
2 tablet
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Activity 5
dose = 2 tablets
Activity 6
dose =1
2 tablet
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Activity 7
50 mg
Activity 8
50 g
Activity 9
𝑥 = 0.067 mg mL⁄
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Millilitres to administer to the patient
Activity 10
dose = 1.2 mL amoxycillin
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Activity 11
dose = 6 mL Gentamicin
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Chapter 5 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 2
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Activity 12
dose = 6.5mL Amiodarone
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Chapter 6 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 6: Infusion calculations
Page 126
Activity 1
27.7 or 28 drops per minute
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Activity 2
27.7 or 28 drops per minute
Activity 3
25 drops per minute
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Activity 4
a Volume to be infused is 500 mL
b 83 mL/h
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Activity 5
50 mL/h
Activity 6
83 mL/h
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Activity 7
a Volume to be infused is 20 mL.
b 120 mL/h
Activity 8
a Volume to be infused is 10 mL.
b 20 mL/h
Activity 9
a Volume to be infused is 100 mL.
b 300 mL/h
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Activity 10
a 41.67 or 42 mL/h
b 790 mL to be infused.
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Activity 11
a 125 mL/h
b 625 mL to be infused.
Activity 12
a 83 mL already infused
28 drops per minute
b 917 mL still to be infused.
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Activity 13
500 mL to be infused over the next 2 hours.
Activity 14
400 mL to be infused over the next 4 hours.
Activity 15
850 mL to be infused over the next 8 hours.
Activity 16
875 mL to be infused over the next 4 hours.
72.9 or 73 drops per minute
Activity 17
a 450 mL is the new volume to be infused.
b 50 mL/h
c the infusion should end at 1800 hours.
Activity 18
Given that only one minute has elapsed, the volume will not change, as only approximately 0.7 mL has been dispensed.
41.67 or 42 drops per minute
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 7 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 7: Paediatric calculations
Page 142
Activity 1
a Dose = 0.90 mg
b Volume = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓 𝐦𝐋
Activity 2
a Dose = 60 mg
b Volume = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝒎𝑳
Activity 3
a Dose = 5.5 mg
b Volume = 𝟏. 𝟏 𝐦𝐋
Page 146
Activity 4
0.82 m2
Activity 5
0.29 m2
Activity 6
0.57 m2
Page 148
Solve the following reconstitution problems to give a total of 10 mL solution:
Activity 7
a 8.6 mL WFI gives 200 mg/mL b 7.5 mL to give 1.5 g IVI
Activity 8
a 9.8 mL WFI gives 25 mg/mL b 6 mL to give 150 g IVI
Activity 9
a 8.8 mL WFI gives 100 mg/mL b 7.5 mL to give 750 mg IVI
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 7 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 2
Page 158
Activity 10
0.85 m2
Activity 11
Salbutamol
2.5 mL
Paracetamol
6.9 mL
Ibuprofen
2.75 mL
Flucloxacillin
5.5 mL
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 8 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 8: Aged care calculations
Pages 174–177
Activity 1
Atenolol
1
2 tablet Atenolol
Phenytoin
42 mL Phenytoin
Paracetamol
2 tablets paracetamol
Frusemide
4 mL frusemide (2 ampoules)
Digoxin
1
2 tablet digoxin
Enalapril
1
2 tablet enalapril
Diclofenac
2 tablets of diclofenac, but check with prescriber as enteric-coated tablets cannot be crushed.
Tramadol
1 mL tramadol
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 9 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 9: Midwifery calculations
Page 184
Activity 1a
Pethidine
2 mL
Metaclopramide
2 mL
Page 185
Activity 1b
Syntocinon
2 mL
Ergometrine
0.5 mL
Page 186
Activity 1c
250 mL/h
Activity 1d
Konakion (Vitamin K)
0.1 mL Konakion IM
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 10 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 10: Mental health calculations
Pages 199–202
Activity 1
Diazepam (oral)
2 tablets of diazepam
Haloperidol
0.5 mL haloperidol
Chlorpromazine
1
2 tablet chlorpromazine
Lithium
2 tablets of lithium
Diazepam (IV)
1 mL diazepam
Note: Temazepam is used to treat insomnia and would be given at 2200 hours.
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 11 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 11: Critical care and high dependency dosage calculations
Page 212
Activity 1
Formula method
Calculate rate in mL/min
0.015 mL/min
Calculate flow rate in mL/h
0.9 mL/h GTN infusion
Ratio method
50 mg GTN is the same as 50 000 mcg GTN
Calculate rate in mL/min
0.015 mL/min
Calculate flow rate in mL/h
0.9 mL/h GTN
Activity 2
4 mg Noradrenaline is equivalent to 4000 mcg
Formula method
Calculate rate in mL/min
0.15 mL/min
Calculate flow rate in mL/h
9 mL/h Noradrenaline infusion
Ratio method
Calculate rate in mL/min
𝓍 = 0.15 mL/min
Calculate rate in mL/h
9 mL/h Noradrenaline infusion
Activity 3
5 mg Salbutamol is equivalent to 5000 mcg
Formula method
Calculate rate in mL/min
1.5 mL/min
Calculate flow rate in mL/h
90 mL/h Salbutamol infusion
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 11 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 2
Ratio method
Calculate rate in mL/min
𝓍 = 1.5 mL/min
Calculate rate in mL/h
𝓍 = 90 mL/h rate gives 15 mcg/min Salbutamol
Page 216
Activity 4
14.6 mL/h
Activity 5
24.9 mL/h
Activity 6
3.4 mL/h
Page 219
Activity 7
a Volume to be infused is 4 mL bolus
b 48 mL/h
Activity 8
a Volume to be infused is 5 mL bolus
b 30 mL/h
Activity 9
a Volume to be infused is 10 mL bolus
b The fastest rate possible on an infusion pump is 999 mL/h, so you would set that.
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 12 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 12: Ocular therapy calculations
Page 224
Activity 1
a Chlorsig is an ointment in a paraffin base. This is measured in a linear form.
Predifren is medication in a liquid form. This is measured in drops.
b The liquid eye drops need to be administered first, followed 5 minutes later by the
ointment.
Activity 2
He requires additional medication in his right eye only to additionally treat his
glaucoma
Activity 3
5 minutes
Activity 4
Use the (double DOT) eyelid closure and digital occlusion of the tear duct for at least
2 minutes following instillation of the eye drops.
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 13 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 1
Chapter 13: Practice questions
Page 227
General mathematics:
1. 19
2. 74
3. 492
4. 1113
5. 488
6. 389
7. 87
8. 2634
9. 4824
10. 45
11. 498
12. 648
13. 1598 × 18 = 28 764
14. 4852 × 45 = 218 340
15. 9889 × 72 = 712 008
16. 9
17. 24
18. 55
19. 63
20. 93
Fractions – simplify the following:
21. 8 1
24 3
22. 25 1
1000 40
23. 13 1
39 3
24. 2 1
13 138 4
25. 22 11
4 430 15
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 13 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 2
26. 27 25
5 5
27. 19 32
8 8
28. 23 53
6 6
29. 1251
125
30. 23 51
18 18
31. 1 3 3 1
6 23 138 46
32. 17 5 85
23 9 207
33. 7 1 7
25 2 50
34. 1 2 2
3 9 27
35. 2 7 1 7 7
5 22 5 11 55
36. 2 19 2 23 46
3 23 3 19 57
37. 1 9 1 11 11
2 11 2 9 18
38. 3 2 3 5 15
11 5 11 2 22
39. 7 1 7 2 14
25 2 25 1 25
40. 13 3 13 4 52 26
22 4 22 3 66 33
Page 228
Convert the following fractions to decimals:
41. 0.86 42. 0.88 43. 0.26 44. 0.61 45. 0.35
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 13 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 3
Decimals:
46. 0.158
47. 0.098
48. 0.096
49. 5.746
50. 5.281
51. 82.82
52. 0.29
53. 8.31
54. 60.32
55. 4.87
56. 6198.3
57. 3054.87
58. 5568.42
59. 1396.55
60. 768.96
61. 1.70
62. 0.14
63. 0.14
64. 1.90
65. 18
Conversion:
a) 0.475 g
b) 2.5 L
c) 0.125 mg
d) 0.5 g
e) 35 000 mg
f) 750 000 mcg
General questions:
1. 6.3 mL
2. 8.3 mL
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 13 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 4
3. 4.2 mL
4. 3.1 mL
5. 6 mL
6. 1.5 mL
7. 2.4 mL
8. 2.5 mL
9. 0.5 mL
10. 8.3 mL
11. 20.8 mL
12. 2.5 mL
13. 0.6 mL
14. 1.25 mL
15. 15 mL
16. 3 suppositories
17. 3 tablets
18. 4 tablets
19. 32.5 mL
20. 7.5 mL
21. 0.93 mL
22. 1.2 units
23. 50 mL
24. a. 2.5 tablets b. 7.5 tablets
25. ¾ tablet
26. 12.5 mL
27. 1.2 mL
28. 3 mane, 3 lunch, 2 nocte
29. 0.5 tablets
30. 1.5 tablets
31. 3.5 mL
32. 6 tablets
33. 30 mL
34. 25 mL/h
35. 1000 units/h
36. 80mg/h
37. 20mL/h
38. 60mL/h
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 13 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 5
39.
Formula method
Calculate rate in mL/min
0.2 mL/min
Calculate rate in mL/h
12 mL per hour Milronine infusion
Ratio method
Calculate rate in mL/min
𝓍 = 0.2 mL/min
Calculate rate in mL/h
𝓍 = 12 mL h⁄ rate gives 40 mcg min⁄ , which is the equivalent of 0.5 mcg kg⁄ /min for this 80 kg patient
40.
Formula method
Calculate rate in mL/min
0.05 mL/min
Calculate rate in mL/h
3 mL per hour GTN infusion
Ratio method
Calculate rate in mL/min
𝓍 = 0.05 mL/min
Calculate rate in mL/h
𝓍 = 3 mL h⁄ rate gives 5 mcg min⁄
41.
a. Total dose
Dose 1: 180 mcg
Dose 2: 90 mcg
Dose 3: 90 mcg
To calculate total dose, simply add the three doses together:
360 mcg Digoxin
b. Initial loading dose (from part a) is 180 mcg
3.6 mL Digoxin mixture for loading dose
c. Amount to be administered for doses 2 and 3, i.e. 90 mcg
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 13 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 6
1.8 mL Digoxin mixture for doses 2 and 3 (each, not combined)
42.
0.48 mg per dose
43.
86.9 kg
44.
14.58 mL/min
45.
a. 57
8
b. 251
2
46.
a. 1
1000
b. 1
500
47.
a. 77%
b. 85%
48.
a. 75%
b. 20%
49.
a. 3
20
b. 11
50
50.
1.6 mg in 1 mL or 1.6 mg/mL
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 13 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 7
Page 232
51.
0.5 units in 1 mL or 0.5 units/mL
52.
a. 55.5 or 56 drops per minute
b. 166.67 mL/h or 167 mL/h (rounded up)
53.
a. 41.66 or 42 drops per minute
b. 125 mL/h
54.
15 mL over 5 minutes
180 mL/h
55.
20 mL over 8 minutes
150 mL/hr
56.
125 mL/hr
57.
This infusion is running at 2.1 mL/min.
125 mL/h
58.
a. 9 h remaining
b. 15 mins remaining
59.
a. 8.8 mL diluent required
b. 9.3 mL diluent required
60.
a. 1.436 m2 or 1.44 m2
b. 1.333 m2 or 1.33 m2
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 13 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 8
61.
a. 350 mcg/min
Formula method
0.44 mL/min
Calculate rate in mL/hr:
26.25 or 26.3 mL/h
Ratio method
Calculate rate in mL/min:
𝓍 = 0.438 mL/min Calculate rate in mL/hr: 26.3 mL/h
b. Infusion 3 mg (3000 mcg) Noradrenaline in 50 mL
Formula method
Calculate rate in mL/min:
0.133 mL/min
Calculate rate in mL/h:
7.99 or 8 mL/h
Ratio method
Calculate rate in mL/min:
𝓍 = 0.133 mL/min
Calculate rate in mL/h:
7.99 or 8 mL h⁄
Brotto 1e Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia and NZ – Solutions Manual
Chapter 13 © 2012 Cengage Australia Pty Ltd 9
Drug chart questions:
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