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CHAPTER 7

DIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF FLOWERING PLANTS:

AMBORELLALES, NYMPHAEALES, AUSTROBAILEYALES, MAGNOLIIDS, CERATOPHYLLALES, AND

MONOCOTS

REVIEW QUESTIONS

GENERAL

1. What is the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system of classification and what ranking does it utilize?

The APG syste !" #$%ss&"%t&!' &s !'e (t&$&)&'* !$e#($%+ st(&es !+ % #!-&'%t&!' !" !+.h!$!*y#%$ %' !$e#($%+%t% t! #$%ss&"y %'*s&!s.e+s/ The APG III syste #$%ss&"&es !'e t! se0e+%$ "%&$&es &'t! !+e+s 1th(s, e%#h *+!(.

h%0&'* the e'&'* 23%$es45, 6he+e st+!'* e0&e'#e s(**ests th%t the !+e+ &s !'!.hy$et/

2. What are the major groups of !asal" angiosperms?

A-!+e$$%$es, Ny.h%e%$es, A(st+!-%&$ey%$es, Ch$!+%'th%$es, M%*'!$&&s 1#!'s&st&'* !" L%(+%$es, M%*'!$&%$es,

C%'e$$%$es, %' P&.e+%$es5/

#. Why ha$e the traditional dicots" !een a!andoned as a ta%onomic group?They %+e '!6 '!6' t! -e .%+%.hy$et/

&. What is a floral formula? What are the sym!ols used in floral formulas?%5 A sh!+th%' (se t! s(%+&)e the '(-e+ %' "(s&!' !" "$!+%$ .%+ts/

-5 P8Pe+&%'th .%+ts9 8#%$y;9 C8#!+!$$%9 A8%'+!e#&(9 G8*y'!e#&(/

'. What is a floral diagram and what does it represent?

F$!+%$ &%*+%s +e.+ese't % &%*+%%t #+!ss3se#t&!'%$ 0&e6 !" % "$!6e+ -(, sh!6&'* the +e$%t&0e +e$%t&!'sh&. !"

.e+&%'th, %'+!e#&%$, %' *y'!e#&%$ #!.!'e'ts, %s 6e$$ %s th&'*s s(#h %s st%e' .!s&t&!', .$%#e't%t&!', %' .e+&%'th,#%$y;, !+ #!+!$$% %est&0%t&!'/

NONMONOCOT GROUPS

(. )ame the family and species of what is currently thought to represent the most !asal lineage of angiosperms.

A-!+e$$%#%e9Amborella trichopoda.

*. )ame the diagnostic characteristics of the Am!orellaceae. +o these necessarily represent ancestral angiosperm features?

%5 Vesse$3$ess, e0e+*+ee' sh+(-s 6&th ('&se;(%$ "$!6e+s h%0&'* %' ('&""e+e't&%te, s.&+%$ .e+&%'th, '(e+!(s,

$%&'%+ st%e's, %' %' %.!#%+.!(s, %.%$$y3!.e' *y'!e#&(, 6&th

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1&. 3or the Annonaceae/ what is distincti$e a!out the leaf arrangement and endosperm structure?%5 D&sth!(s/

-5 R(&'%te/

1'. What is distincti$e a!out the receptacle and gynoecial fusion of the 6agnoliaceae?

Re#e.t%#$e e$!'*%te/ Gy'!e#&%$ "(s&!' %.!#%+.!(s/

1(. What is the fruit type of the 6agnoliaceae?A**+e*%te "+(&t !" "!$$$es, -e++&es, !+ s%%+%s/

1*. )ame at least three families of the Piperales.

A+&st!$!#h&%#e%e, P&.e+%#e%e, S%(+(+%#e%e/1,. What is the etymology of Aristolochia"?

G+/ aristos, -est lochia, #h&$-&+th, "+! +ese-$%'#e !" % s.e#&es !"Aristolochia t! the #!++e#t "et%$ .!s&t&!'/

10. What are the diagnostic features of the Aristolochiaceae?

The A+&st!$!#h&%#e%e %+e &st&'*(&she &' -e&'* (s(%$$y #$&-&'* .$%'ts, h%0&'* %' e'$%+*e, .et%$!& #%$y;, %' %-se't

t! +e(#e #!+!$$%, !"te' %'%te st%e's 1"!+&'* % *y'!ste&(5, %' %' &'"e+&!+ t! s(.e+&!+, =>3#%+.e$e %'

$!#($e !0%+y/

2. -ow does the Piperaceae differ from the Aristolochiaceae?

The P&.e+%#e%e %+e &st&'#t&0e &' h%0&'* %' %t%#t!ste$ ste, % s.&e !+ s.%&; 6&th '(e+!(s, 0e+y s%$$, ('&se;(%$

!+ -&se;(%$ "$!6e+s $%#&'* % .e+&%'th, the !0%+y s!$&t%+y,

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#(. What is the range of inflorescence morphology of the ridaceae?A te+&'%$ s.&e, s!$&t%+y "$!6e+, !+ % s.&e !+ .%'$e !" #$(ste+s !"

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(1. What pollen and leaf apomorphies may unite the 4yperaceae/ =hurniaceae >including Prionaceae and @uncaceae?P!$$e' &' tet+%s9 $e%0es t+&sth!(s/

(2. -ow do the 4yperaceae and @uncaceae families differ in inflorescence/ perianth/ and fruit type?Cy.e+%#e%e3&'"$!+es#e'#e % se*e s.&e$et9 .e+&%'th +e(#e t! -+&st$es !+ %-se't9 "+(&t %' %#he'e/

('#%#e%e3&'"$!+es#e'#e !" s!$&t%+y "$!6e+s !+