Chap 21 15th century italian art humanism and antiquity
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Transcript of Chap 21 15th century italian art humanism and antiquity
15th Century Italian Art- Humanism and Antiquity
Chapter 21
p574
Allure of Antiquity
• Humanism/ political/ economic
• Quest for knowledge- Greeks and Romans
• Dante – Divine Comedy ( Heaven & Hell)
• Humanist believed in individual potential and encouraged individual achievement along with civic responsibility.
The Medici Family and Princely Courts
• Banking Family -Medici Family who had managed to prosper economically came to artistic circles
• Not a court family
• Princely courts- high demand for art/ many people working for the prince, court artists needed
A Competition in 1330
• Florence baptistery doors
• Great prestige if you won
• Pisano and Giovanni did the south side doors
• The Subject – Sacrifice of Isaac for the second set of doors
The Competition, Who Won?
Brunelleschi – Sacrifice of Isaac – 1400Drapery, flying Issac’s throat, knife
Ghiberti – Sacrifice of Isaac -1400, S Curve, posed, Roman?, nude male
Donatello – Feast of Herod 1425
• Each character has a different face
• King Herod receives the head of John the Baptist.
• Horror • Children move back• Perspective- Ancient
Roman illusionism returned
Ghiberti – the doors are lighter, more illusion
Di Banco – Four Crowned Saints - 1408
• More space to work with
• Drapery• Rome• Saints• Personality• (saint means holy to
God)
Donatello – St. Mark 1413
• Movement • Drapery• Doryphoros• Shifting weight• Outside niche?
Habbakuk – Seer aka Pumpkin Head by Donatello
Da Favriano- Adoration of the Magi - 1423
• Gentile, Gothic • Frame over elaborate• Experimental trends• Naturalistic meets
inventive• International style• Elaborate costumed
styles• Forshortened forms
Masaccio – Tribute Money - 1427
• Descendant of Giotto, calm style• Tax collector – St. Peter retrieves money (state income tax)• Continuous Narrative –modeling – blurring of background as the background
descends
Masaccio – Expulsion from Eden -
• Hazy background• Deep relief with light• Adam’s feet on the
ground represent the decent into the Earth
• They are stumbling in blindly
Masaccio – Holy Trinity - 1428
• Illusionism important• Vanishing point at the
foot of the cross• Pictorial Illusionism• Made as a tombstone• Brunelleschi- inspired
architecture • Despair of death below
Florence Cathedral – Dome – Brunelleschi - 1420
• Brunelleschi turned to arch after loosing the baptistery commission. Turned to architecture was heavily influenced by Roman architecture.
• Solve engineering problems, Used new building methods, made new machinery, made the dome a pointed arch
Santo Spirito – Basilica ChurchBrunelleschi 1436
Rhythmic harmony , clarity no room for murals
Cruciform shape
Private Chapels - Brunelleschi
Pazzi family gift to the church of Santo spirito, medallions serve on the corners as pendentives.
Medici as Patrons
• Medici’s had a fortune
• Cosimo intended to build his palace
• He had political power as well
• Wealthy families struggled for power, Medici’s got kicked out of Florence
• Hired Bartolommeo to work on his palace( Bart- worked with Donatello)
Medici Palace 1445 - Bartolommeo
• Building looks higher as you look up
• Roman Rusticated masonry
• Independence from the antique
• Early Renaissance style
Donatello – David Late 1420s
• Classically inspired• Commissioned by the
Medici’s• First free standing
sculpture since ancient times
• Classical nude• Biblical David slaying
Goliath
Verrocchio - David
• Important sculptor during the late 15th century
• Very realistic, quiet, classic
• Hunter stance
Pollaiuolo – Battle of the Ten Nudes - 1465
• Twisted bodies
• Viewpoints
• Nude figure
• Slashing no mercy
• muscles
Botticelli – Birth of Venus- 1482
• Zephyrus blows Venus- born of sea foam and carried on a cockle shell to her sacred island Cyprus. Nymph covers her
• Mythology • Anatomy • Romance
Rise of Portraiture –Botticelli 1480s (Tempera on Panel)
• Exploration of character – Botticelli
• Elegant hand gesture• Expressing• Worked with Fra
Filippo Lippi
Equestrian Sculpture
• Dominant in character• Portrait of Erasmo da
Narni – 1450• Military leaders –
Venetian commander
Ghirlandaio – Florentine Art 1488
• A wealthy man’s daughter
• Rigid, prominent placement
• Sacred
Ghirlandaio – Saint Anne – mother of Mary - 1485
Alberti – Florence Italy - 1452
• Classical elements to contemporary buildings
• Building – Palazzo Rucellai – 1452
• Lighter at top• Columns
Alberti – Santa Maria Novella – 1458 –Rations, pre Gothic design,
Images of Devotion
• Fra Angelico -1440• Dominican Monastery • Simple image, clarity
Castagno – Last Supper -1447
• Biblical narrative• Perspective• Lavish• Both ceiling and floor visible?
Perugino – Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to
Saint Peter – Vatican 1481Total Authority – Roman Catholic Church
- Rome
Alberti – Sant ‘ Andrea-
1470 Classical elements, rebuilding a church