Information Systems Development Methodologies

By Zainal A. HasibuanFaculty of Computer Science

University of Indonesia

Information Systems Development Methodologies

Structured Analysis, Design and Implementation of Information Systems (STRADIS)

Yourdon Systems Method (YSM) Information Engineering (IE) Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) Merise Jackson Systems Development (JSD) Object-oriented Analysis Information Systems Work and Analysis of Changes (ISAC) Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer-

based Systems (ETHICS) Soft System Methodology (SSM) Multiview Process Innovation Rapid Application Development (RAD) KADS Euromethod

Structured Analysis, Design and Implementation of Information

Systems (STRADIS) by Gane and Sarson

The main techniques used: Process-oriented of function

decomposition DFD Decision trees Decision tables Structure English

Yourdon System Method (YSM)

by Ed Yourdon Process-oriented Event partitioning approach as

compare to top-down approach (functional decomposition)

Greater emphasis on analysis of data if compared to STRADIS

Information Engineering (IE) by James Martin and

Clive Finkelstein

More emphasis on data Data-oriented entity-relationship

approach Extended to planning phase as the

first step in the methodology

Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method

(SSADM) by Learmonth and Burchett

A standard in most UK government applications

Modern version of the traditional IS development life cycle

DFD Entity life histories Recommends the use of CASE tools and

workbenches

Merise

Widely used in France Consider equally important of

process and data aspects and analyzed and designed in parallel

Jackson Structured Design (JSD)

by Michael Jackson Had a profound effect on the teaching and

practice commercial computer programming

It concentrates on the design of efficient and well-tested software which reflects the specification

It has links with formal methods More applicable to applications where

efficiency is paramount—for example in process control applications

Coad and Yourdon’s Object-oriented Analysis It reflects the view that in defining objects

and their component parts (attributes) we capture the essential building blocks of information systems

It is a unifying approach, as analysis and design can be undertaken following this approach

Applications developed using object programming languages and CASE tools

Leads to consistency throughout

Information Systems Work and Analysis (ISAC) by Mats Lunderberg (Scandinavia)

Seeks to identify the fundamental causes of users’ problems and suggests ways to overcome

Analyze the activities and the initiation of change processes

People-oriented approach with emphasis on the analysis of change and the change processes

Solution not necessarily use of computer information system

Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer-based Systems (ETHICS) by Enid Mumford

People-oriented based on participation Attempts to embody a sound ethical

position It encompasses the socio-technical view The technology must fit closely with the

social and organizational factors in application domain

Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) by Peter Checkland

Influenced by System approach Its rationale is that the properties of whole

system are not entirely understandable in terms of the properties of the constituent elements

“the whole is greater than the sum of the parts”

Present the fuzzy and ill-structured situation not just technological problems

Multiview

Hybrid: SSM, ETHICS, process modeling and data modeling

A contingency approach: techniques and tools being used as the problem situation demand

Process Innovation by Devenport Tie business process re-engineering

with information technology and information systems

IT being seen as the primary enabler of process innovation as it gives an opportunity to change processes completely

Rapid Application Development (RAD) The need to develop IS more quickly It based on the evolutionary,

prototyping approach Enabled by using CASE and system

repository User requirements are often

determined through JAD

The Expert Systems Approach (KADS) The outcome of a European Union

ESPRIT research project A comprehensive, commercially

viable methodology for knowledge-based system construction

Use to Develop Expert systems

Euromethod

Results from a European initiative It is more a framework for planning,

procurement and management of services for the investigation, development or amendment of IS a methodology