Ch5 the Greeks

8/4/2019 Ch5 the Greeks

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TODAYS OBJECTIVES:

Identify the ways geography and climate shaped Greek life.

Explain the rise and development of Mycenaean civilization.

Describe how Homer and Greek myths contributed to early Greek culture.

Ch. 5:CLASSICAL GREECE

AGENDA: Please Begin your Warm-up Immediately !

WARM-UPBegin labeling your Map in packet, p. 16b INTRODUCTION to UNIT and Project I assignment

DISCUSSION of Section 1, Text p. 111 / Packet p. 4

DAILY QUIZ

NEXT ASSIGNMENT:

Read Chapter 5, Section 2 and complete p. 5 in packet

MANDATORY TEXTBOOK CHECK TOMORROW !

Todays Musical Selection:

Troy

2004 Movie Soundtrack

AKINS HIGH SCHOOL

Loessins

World History

Room 167

Tutorials: T-F 8:20-8:50


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GREECE

Crete

The Island of Crete in the time of the ancient Minoans (ancestors of the Greeks?)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Knossos_bull.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Knossos_bull.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Knossos_bull.jpg


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The Palace of Knossos was first

excavated in 1878 A.D. Covering20,000 sq. meters, this was the palatialcenter of the Minoan civilization anddates back to 1700 B.C.


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The most recognizablesymbol of Crete'spower: the bull. InKnossos' palace thereare many depictions ofbulls, including in the

sport of bull jumping.The most famousexample of the bullbeing used is theMinotaur, a powerfulhalf man half bull thatdevoured the flesh ofAthenian men.

< The painting on thispiece of potteryshows themythological endingof the Minoanspower. Here the hero,

Theseus, who wasaided by Ariadne,slays the half manhalf bull creature.Later in time, Athensbecame the premierpower.

< A disk with the MinoanCretan's writing. There werethree different types ofwriting that have beendiscovered: a hieroglyphicscript, Linear A, and Linear

B. The writing becamenecessary for trade and tokeep track of built up wealth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Knossos_bull.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.balaams-ass.com/alhaj/torah.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.balaams-ass.com/alhaj/torah.htm&h=407&w=335&sz=15&tbnid=NnvaxG2EanQJ:&tbnh=121&tbnw=99&hl=en&start=4&prev=/images?q=Torah&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&sa=G


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GREECE

Crete 1. What were three important featuresof Minoan culture on Crete?

A peaceful people, Sea-faring Traders (Mariners) Excelled in Art Mosaics and Frescoes Would have influence on Greece later Worshipped female goddesses women as priestesses Volcanic eruption / earthquakes ended their

civilization around 1200 B.C.

Minoan mosaic

The beautiful island of Santorina (Thera) today is actuallywhat remains of the volcanic crater that erupted and

caused the cataclysmic destruction.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.balaams-ass.com/alhaj/torah.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.balaams-ass.com/alhaj/torah.htm&h=407&w=335&sz=15&tbnid=NnvaxG2EanQJ:&tbnh=121&tbnw=99&hl=en&start=4&prev=/images?q=Torah&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&sa=Ghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.balaams-ass.com/alhaj/torah.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.balaams-ass.com/alhaj/torah.htm&h=407&w=335&sz=15&tbnid=NnvaxG2EanQJ:&tbnh=121&tbnw=99&hl=en&start=4&prev=/images?q=Torah&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&sa=Ghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.balaams-ass.com/alhaj/torah.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.balaams-ass.com/alhaj/torah.htm&h=407&w=335&sz=15&tbnid=NnvaxG2EanQJ:&tbnh=121&tbnw=99&hl=en&start=4&prev=/images?q=Torah&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&sa=G


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Bas relief depicting

Phoenician sea-traders


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2. How did the Phoeniciansspread their culture?

TRADE


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Byblos

Bible

Bibliography.

< the great library


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2. How did the Phoeniciansspread their culture?

TRADE3. Why were trade networks

so important?CULTURAL DIFFUSION


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GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 1 Labeling Map

PELOPONNESUS

MAINLAND

CRETE

CYCLADES

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Athens

Sparta

Mycenae .

Troy

MACEDONIA

ASIA MINOR

(Anatolia)

Ionian

Sea

WARM-UP: Beginlabeling your map of Greece !Enjoy the traditional Greek music!

Black

Sea

IONIA

Greek colonies

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School; Pre-A.P. World History


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The people of Greece do not call their country Greece !nor do they call themselves Greeks !

In their language their land is called S

In their language they are the

(Hellas)

(Hellenes)OS

http://www.olympic.org/uk/index_uk.asp


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Students

BRAINSTORM:

What do you know about

the History

of the Olympics ?



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Model of the sanctuary of Olympia.

Originally part of a religious festival dedicated to theancient Greek god Zeus. Wars between the city-states were suspended so that athletes could compete.

The ancient Olympics were a total entertainment package for all who attendedwhere five days of sometimes brutal sports competition mixed with wild partying.

The new Christian Roman emperor Theodosius banned all pagan festivals. Christianswere oppossed to the Olympic Games a celebration of the human body, men coveredin olive oil running around naked, drinking, fornicating, the whole bit. The end cameas an incredible shock to the psyche of the ancient Greeks. They had assumed quitelogically that the games would go on forever a time every four years when men puttheir differences aside and came together in the fraternity of athletic competition.

TheDiscus Throwerwas originally a bronze work by the Greek sculptor Myron.The famous great work of marble that we all recognize today is a Roman copy.

The Olympicsbegan in 776 B.C.

The ancient games ended in 394 A.D.


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Baron Pierre de Coubertin

the man who inspired the

revival of the Olympic Games.

Commemorative medal

of the1896 Olympic Games

Little is ever mentioned about the many, many attempts of the Greeks to revive theOlympic Games, long before the birth of the Baron de Coubertin. Yet, it is Coubertin whois given credit. Coubertin was a French aristocrat who was only seven years old whenFrance was overrun by the Germans during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.Coubertin attributed the defeat of France not to its military skills but rather to the French

soldiers lack of vigor. Coubertin decided it was exercise, more specifically sports, thatmade a well-rounded and vigorous person.And so he began his crusade to revive thegames. Many people truly contributed to the realization of the new Olympic Games.The 19th century structure of the worlds new national states was ideal now for thegradual acceptance of the Olympic Idea - a new national framework would replacethe old Greek city-state competition.

Linking the past.

The Olympicsare revived in 1896.

Finally, in 1896, the 1st International Olympic Games took place in Athens.A wealthy Greek architect, Georgios Averoff, donated one million drachmas(over $100,000) to restore the Panathenaic Stadium, originally built in 330 BCE

with white marble for the new 1896 Olympic Games.There were14 nations, with the largest delegationscoming from Greece, Germany, France and Great Britain.

On 6 April 1896, the American James Connollywon the triple jump to become

the first Olympic championin more than 1,500 years!
http://www.musarium.com/kodak/olympics/olympichistory/http://www.musarium.com/kodak/olympics/olympichistory/


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Fireworks illuminate a dramatic performance at the

$27 billion dollar Sports Complex Olympic Stadium

during the closing ceremony of the

Athens 2004 Summer Olympic Games.

to the present ! The Greeks were thrilled to be able to host theOlympics once again this year in 2004.It gave them a chance to showcase

Athens, their capital,

and to teach the world history again.Throughout the games, television viewers all

over the world were reminded of where not

only the Olympics began but where indeed

it was

here our Western Civilization was born !!!

KODAK Olympic Journal

Summer Games in Athens 2004Medal countAthens 2004 Interactive Map

History

Timeline since

1896.

Linking the past.
http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/athens2004/index_uk.asphttp://www.mapsofworld.com/olympic-trivia/number-of-participants.htmlhttp://www.mapsofworld.com/olympic-trivia/number-of-participants.htmlhttp://www.mapsofworld.com/olympic-trivia/number-of-participants.htmlhttp://www.archives.gov/national_archives_experience/charters/constitution_zoom_1.htmlhttp://www.empiremovies.com/movies/2004/troy.shtmlhttp://www.empiremovies.com/movies/2004/troy.shtmlhttp://www.empiremovies.com/movies/2004/troy.shtmlhttp://www.empiremovies.com/movies/2004/troy.shtmlhttp://www.empiremovies.com/movies/2004/troy.shtmlhttp://www.empiremovies.com/movies/2004/troy.shtmlhttp://www.archives.gov/national_archives_experience/charters/constitution_zoom_1.htmlhttp://www.mapsofworld.com/olympic-trivia/number-of-participants.htmlhttp://www.mapsofworld.com/olympic-trivia/number-of-participants.htmlhttp://www.mapsofworld.com/olympic-trivia/number-of-participants.htmlhttp://www.mapsofworld.com/olympic-trivia/number-of-participants.htmlhttp://www.olympic.org/uk/games/athens2004/index_uk.asphttp://www.athens2004.com/en/OlympicMedals/medals


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StudentsBRAINSTORM:

What else do you recall

as part of the historic

Legacy of The Greeks ?

Besides the Olympics, GREECE was the starting line

for many cultural achievements found in our society today.

Southwestern University students on a 1985 Study Abroad trip

stand on the original starting line for the Olympic footrace.


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The Legacy of

THE GREEKSto Western Civilization

DEMOCRACY

ARCHITECTURE

U.S. Supreme Court Building

U.S. Constitution

THEATER

SCULPTURE

p

SCIENCES

PHILOSOPHY

Pl ll P j I i !
http://www.empiremovies.com/movies/2004/troy.shtmlhttp://www.empiremovies.com/movies/2004/troy.shtmlhttp://www.empiremovies.com/movies/2004/troy.shtml


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DATE DUE: _________________________

TASK OBJECTIVE:

The student will design a creative presentation thathighlights one individual or other subject chosen from the

Ancient, Classical, or Hellenistic periods in Greek history.

PRESENTATION Options*:

ART POSTER

(Full-zize posterboard with 2-page, 10 pt. Font, typed paper

attached or incorporated into the poster design.

See Criteria List for information to include in your

presentation. A list of Works Cited / Referenced in

preparing your assignment should also be attached.)

POWERPOINT

(Saved to 3.5 floppy or CD-Rom, the presentation must

include sufficient slides with appropriate graphics and

associated text to address fully the Criteria List.

A list of Works Cited / Referenced in preparing your

assignment should also be attached.)

Students may suggest other means of presenting

their subjectwebpage design, miniature model

of Greek temple or theater, plaster bust of a

Greek figure, etc. Prior approval must be

obtained from the instructor.

Tuesday, Sept. 28 !

See back of handout for List of Suggested Subjects !


Please pull out your Project I assignment !

PROJECT I

The Greeks

GREECE Ch 5 S i 1 T 111 P k t 4


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PELOPONNESUS

MAINLAND

CRETE

CYCLADES

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Athens

Sparta

Mycenae .

Troy

MACEDONIA

ASIA MINOR

(Anatolia)

Ionian

Sea

Lets begin our first Objective

by examining the effect

geography had on the

development of ancient Greece.

Black

Sea

IONIA

Greek coloniesMarathon.


GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 1Cultures of the Mountains & the Sea Text p. 111; Packet p. 4

GREECE Ch t 5 S ti 1 C l f h M & h S T t 111 P k t 4


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A. How did each of the following effect the Greek civilizations

History and Culture

1. Location around a seaProvided transportation links for the various regions of Greece.

Connected Greece to other societies/ civilizations through trade.

Greek fishermen.

See textbook map, p. 112

CAUSE EFFECT


Cruising around the coastlines of Greece today.

GREECE Ch t 5 S ti 1 C l f h M i & h S T t 111 P k t 4


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History and Culture



2. Rugged mountains

Made unification of Greek city-states difficult.

Therefore, Greek city-states would be proudly independent,

competitive, isolated societies. Made land transportation difficult.

The ruins of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi Greece.

CAUSE EFFECT

GREECE Ch t 5 S ti 1 C l f h M i & h S T t 111 P k t 4


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History and Culture



2. Rugged mountains




3. Little fertile farmland Only 20% was arable (suitable for farming). Resulted in small

population whose diet was mainly grains, grapes, olives.Also, led to the need for colonies.

Picking and Pressing Olives

CAUSE EFFECT

GREECE: Ch t 5 S ti 1 C lt f th M t i & th S T t 111 Packet p 4


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PELOPONNESUS

MAINLAND

CRETE

CYCLADES

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Athens

Sparta

Mycenae .

Troy

MACEDONIA

ASIA MINOR

(Anatolia)

Ionian

Sea

3. Little fertile farmland

led the Greeks to send their

people out to colonize elsewhere.

Black

Sea

IONIA

Greek colonies




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GREECE: Chapter 5 Section 1 C lt f th M t i & th S Text p 112; Packet p 4


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GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 1 Cultures of the Mountains & the Sea Text p. 112; Packet p. 4


History and Culture



2. Rugged mountains




3. Little fertile farmland Only 20% was arable (suitable for farming). Resulted in small

population whose diet based on grains, grapes, olives. Also, led to

the need for colonies.

4. Moderate climate Greek life was centered around the outdoorstaking part in an

active civic life in city marketplaces, open-air Temples and

gymnasiums.

< Greece: the Land(Lands, Peoples &Cultures) availableat Amazon.com andyour library.

CAUSE EFFECT

Greece has a beautiful,moderate climate. A

constant 80 degreesFarenheit throughout thesummer makes it a

holiday destination forEuropeans and

international travelerseven today!

Read Text p 112; Myceaean Civilization Develops


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-The Mycenaeans were part of the Indo-European

migrations

- settled on Greek mainland ca. 2,000 B.C.

- Their leading city, Mycenae.

- Invaded Crete and finished off theMinoans.- From the Minoans they learned the importance

of becoming sea-borne traders.

- May have been the terrifying sea peoples?

mentioned in Egyptian records. (recall CH 4.)

- Preserved and assimilated elements of Minoan culture

into their own.

ReadText p. 112; Myceaean Civilization Develops

Mycenaean port

STOP!

When did the Mycenaean

Civilization flourish?

GREECE: Myceaean Civilization Develops Text p 113; Packet p 4


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GREECE: Myceaean Civilization Develops Text p. 113; Packet p. 4


History and Culture

5. Mycenaean invasionsMycenaeans adopted and spread Minoan culture through Greece,

including legends that would form the core of Greek religion,politics, and literature / myths.

CAUSE EFFECT

The Minoans on Crete designed mosaics of

seashells and painted beautiful frescoes on

the walls of their homes depicting their

daily life as well as myths about their gods.

The Mycenaeans invaded the Minoans and

adopted their same religious myths !

CRITICAL

THINKING:Can you describeanother such instance

of cultural diffusion

weve already

discussed one in

which the old

religious ideas of one

group were

assimilated into the

new religion.

Theseus slaying the Minotaur

is an example of a Greek myth that

originated with the Minoans on Crete.

Read about The Trojan War Text p 113


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Read about The Trojan War -Text p. 113

Was there really a Trojan War ?- For many years it was thought the legends found in

Homers epic, theIlliad, were fictional.

- In 1870, archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann

believes hediscovered the site.- Troy appears to have been destroyed

around 1200 B.C. by a war the city lost.

The hilltop excavation of Troyin todays northwestern Turkey.

The Trojan Horse story is still loved today

and coined the familiar saying,

Beware of Greeks bearing gifts.


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GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 1 The Trojan War Text p. 113

PELOPONNESUS

MAINLAND

CRETE

CYCLADES

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Athens

Sparta

Myceneane .

Troy

MACEDONIA

ASIA MINOR

(Anatolia)

Ionian

Sea

Troy and the Mycenaeans were

competing for a crucial waterway

connecting the Mediterranean to

the Black Sea.

Black

Sea

DardanellesStrait

IONIA

Greek colonies


For all practical purposes, Appreciating Classic Literature
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.html


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p p p ,

Western literature begins with theIliad.

We still use expressions like Achilles heel,

Trojan horse, or

the face that launched a thousand ships,

all with roots in theIliador the mythic cycle onwhich it is based,

nearly 3,000 years after the poem was written.

And, at least in terms of the number of copies to

survive from antiquity,

the poems of Homer are second only to the Bible

in popularity.

Iliad means the story of Ilion,

the Greek name for Troy.

The epic poem has much more to say about

Achilles and Hector than it does about Troy.As the first word of the Greek text suggests

(Rage! Goddess, sing the rage of Peleuss son

Achilles), this poem has a lot to do with anger

that can consume and cripple an individual.

Honor, glory, and fate are also themes of this great

work of Western literature.

Rage!

Goddess, sing the rage

of Peleuss son

Achilles

Appreciating Classic Literature


GREECE: Myceaean Civilization Develops Text p 113; Packet p 4
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.htmlhttp://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.html


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GREECE: Myceaean Civilization Develops Text p. 113; Packet p. 4


History and Culture



CAUSE EFFECT

6. The Trojan War The wars story provided the basis for Greek legends and

Homers epics(Illiadand theOdyssey). The war may have

contributed to the collapse of Mycenaean civilization.

GREECE: Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians Text p 113; Packet p. 4
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GREECE: Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians Text p. 113; Packet p. 4


History and Culture



CAUSE EFFECT

6. The Trojan War The wars story provided the basis for Greek legends and

Homers epics(Illiadand the Odyssey). The war may have

contributed to the collapse of Mycenaean civilization.

7. Collapse of Mycenaeancivilization

STOP!Who invaded Mycenae

Greece around 1200-

1100 B.C.?

The Dorians

- Distant relatives of the Bronze-Age Greeks- Were they taking revenge on the Indo-European Mycenaeans

for invading their land centuries earlier?

-Spoke a dialect of Greek, but were far less advanced

than the Mycenaeans.

-Greeks appear to forget the art of writingThis is the Greek

Dark Agesno written records for 400 years (1150-750 B.C.)

Led to Greeces Dark Agesa decline in economy, trade, andeven writing. A period we know little about since no written

records were kept.


GREECE: Epics of Homer / Greeks Create Myths Text p. 114; Packet p. 4
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B. Explain the significance of the epics ofHomer and myths in

ancient Greek culture.

During the Greeks Dark Ages, the story of the Trojan War was passed on through the

spoken word (oral tradition). According to Greek tradition, their greatest storyteller was a blind man named Homer.

Homers two greatest epic poems are theIliadand the Odyssey, both dealing with theTrojan War and are believed to have been written around 750-700 B.C.

Epicsare long, narrative poems that celebrate heroic deeds.

The heroes of theIliadare warriors: the fierce Greek, Achilles, and the courageous and

noble Hector of Troy. TheIliadgives us a good example of the Greek idea ofarte, meaning virtue and

excellence. A Greek could display this ideal on the battlefield, in combat, in politicallife, or in athletic contest.

The Odyssey concerns the adventures of Odysseus on his return home from defeatingthe Trojans.


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B. Explain the significance of the epics ofHomer and myths in

ancient Greek culture.

The Greeks developed a rich set ofmyths~traditional stories of a

particular culture passed on for many years. The Greeks developed extensive myths about their gods. Like the religious

myths found in most cultures, the Greeks sought to understand the mysteries

of nature and the power of human passions. For example, myths explained

the changing of the seasons, the cause of lightening, etc.

Human qualities such as love, hate, and jealousy

were attributed to the Greek gods.

Artist conception of the 40 ft. statue of

Athena that once stood in the Parthenon(the Temple to Athena) in Athens.

The 40 ft. gold statue of Zeus in the Temple at Olympiawas one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Check it out

COOL WEBSITEShttp://www.mythweb.com/

also

http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/greek/articles.html

Find other helpful websites

that could help you with your

PROJECT I

on the inside front cover

of your packet.

A visit to the Greek isles
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THE isles of Greece! the isles of Greece

Where burning Sappho loved and sung,

Where grew the arts of war and peace,

Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung!

Eternal summer gilds them yet,But all, except their sun, is set.

~ Lord Byron, 19th c.

Island of Santorini today

is anunforgettable experience

for all who get the chance.

The British poet Lord Byron

became such a Romanticfor this birthplace ofWestern Civilization

he joined the Greeks intheir nationalist revolution

against the Ottomansin the 19thc.

GREECE: Text p. 115, Rule and Order in Greek City States/ Handout,Identifying Terms


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p y y g

After the fall of the Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations,Greek culture retrogressed for 300 years into a period of Dark Ages.The invading Dorians were illiterate.

Cities were destroyed and plundered.

Eventually cities began to grow again. These cities were walled for protection. Each city-state was independent of each other.

I. VOCABULARYA. polisthe Greek city-state

It was a political unit,

and included the central city

and

surrounding countryside(which could include

numerous villages as well).




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andsurrounding countryside

(which could include


The city state, or polis, was the dominant governmental structure of Ancient Greece.Describe:1. The poliswas small in size.

Athens was the largest, yet at its height had only 40,000 people.

2. Each polis had an acropolisa high point, where the governmental and religiousbuildings were constructed.

3. The market-place, or agora, was the meeting-place for most of the people andwas the economic center of the polis.

4. The surrounding farmland supported the large population inside the walled cities.

An aerial view today

of the acropolis inAthens, Greece.

B. acropolishigh point of

the polis, usually a

fortified hilltop, where

civic buildings werelocated.

C. agorathe marketplace

and economic center of

the polis.

Study the photo:What natural feature

can you detectthat made the old

city-state of Athens

easy to defend?




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and

surrounding countryside

(which could include


EARLY LACK OF UNITY AMONG THE GREEK CITY-STATES

Explain why: Separated by barriers of sea and mountains, by local pride and jealousy,The independent city states never considered uniting their independent Greek-speakingcity-states into one single political unit. They formed alliances only when some otherpowerful city-state embarked on conquest and attempted to dominate over the rest.

LATER GREEKS WILL BECOME UNITEDExplain what influences led to eventual unity:

a common language, common religion, common literature, similar customs, the religious festivals, the Olympic Games

But even in times of foreign invasionit was difficult to induce the cities to act together.

As we will see tomorrow, the threat of the mightyPersian Empire would finally unite the Greekstogether against a common enemy

but not without persistent inner-squabbling!

B. acropolishigh point of

the polis, usually a

fortified hilltop, wherecivic buildings were

located.

C. agorathe marketplace

and economic center of

the polis.

GREECE: Text p. 117, Greek Political Structures/ Handout,Identifying Terms


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TYPES of GOVERNMENT

MONARCHY A state / nation ruled by a king or queen.

Rule is usually passed on in hereditary fashion.Some rulers in early times claimed Divine right

Mycenae had a monarchy (ca. 1450 B.C.)

ARISTOCRACY

State ruled by nobility (the land-owning families)

Rule is hereditary / based on land-ownershipSocial status / wealth support rulers authority

Athens had an aristocracy in its early history (594 B.C.)

OLIGARCHY

State ruled by a small group of elite citizens

Rule is based on wealth The ruling elite group controls the military

Sparta had an oligarchy (800-600 B.C.)


GREECE: See chart in Textbook p. 117

Students,

All the Terms

on todays

handout from CH

5, Sec. 2will be on Fridays

MAJOR QUIZ !

GREECE: Text p. 115, A New Kind of Army Emerges/ Handout,Identifying Terms


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THE IRON AGE BRINGS CHANGE

Iron, harder than bronze, but more importantly, cheaper!

This meant ordinary citizens could now arm themselves.

Citizen-soldierscomposed of merchants, artisans, small landowners

were now expected to defend the polis.

Hoplitesfoot soldiersstood side-by-side, holding a spear in one hand, shield in the other

formed the

Phalanxa fearsome battlefield formation of hoplite soldiers,The most powerful fighting force in the Ancient World.

The phalanx formation called for each man to trust his neighboring

infantryman, often times a relative, friend, or lover. With a shield in his

left hand and a spear in his right, each man depended on his fellowhoplite's shield for full body coverage. Battles were won and lost

depending on the phalanx's ability to hold its formation. Lined shoulder

to shoulder with approximately sixty-five pounds of armor, limited

vision and hearing, a hoplite's crucial duties required little tactical skill,

only to push forward and keep the line together. Outstanding valor rose

from a man's ability to keep his nerve amidst such confusion and

brutality. In such a scene, the outcome of the battle rested on fellow

soldiers love and trust for one another.

If there were only some way of contriving a

state or an army made up of lovers and theirloves, they would be the very best - fighting at

each other's side, willing to die for the love at

their side, they would be the most fearsome

army and one that could overcome the world.~ Plato, The Symposium

It was a sight equally awful and terrifying

when they marched in step

with the rhythm of the flute,

without any gap in their line of battle,

and with no confusion in their souls,

but calmly and cheerfully moving

with the strains of their hymn to their deadly fight.

~ Plutarch, Lycurgus 22.2-3

GREECE: Text p. 115, Tyrants Seize Power/ Handout,Identifying Terms


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When no wars among city-states were being fought,

the armed and powerful citizen-soldiers

could become troublesome for city-state rulers.

Unemployed farmers and debt-ridden artisans

often joined in revolts against the nobility.

In such times arose leaders called tyrantspowerful individualswho gained control by appealing to the poor and discontented for

support.

As we have seen,


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the Greek city-states had various types of government

monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, and even tyranny (rule by tyrants).

But the two most powerful city-states

would find completely new ways to govern themselves.

Spartawould build a strict Military State

and

Athenswould create the worlds first Limited Democracy!

Athens

Sparta

PELOPONNESUS

Mediterranean Sea

Ionian

SeaMAINLAND

IONIA

Greek colonies

GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 2Sparta Builds a Military State Text p. 116; Packet p. 5


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A. Recognizing Facts and Details

Please have yourhomework,

Packet p. 5

Out on your desk

during our classdiscussions so that I

can eye it!

725B.C. Sparta conquers Messenia

When the Spartans realized they needed more

arable land they looked to the southwest to themore fertile soil of Messenia.

Helotswere Messenians who the Spartanshad conquered and brought back to Spartato do their work,treated like slaves, forced tobe tied for generations to a Spartan noblemanslands.

They worked the land around Sparta in orderfor the Spartan males to focus on their superiormilitary training.

The Peloponnesus region

SpartaMessenia .

Made them helotspeasants forced to workthe Spartan

landhad to turn over of all crops to the Spartans.

1. How did the Spartans treat the Messenians?

Students,

Think About It

What risk is there in

conquering an entire large

population of people,

forcing them to leave theirland and work your lands

instead?

GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 2Sparta Builds a Military State Text p. 116; Packet p. 5


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725B.C. Sparta conquers Messenia

The Messenian helots outnumbered the Spartans8 to 1.

Not surprisingly, they staged a revolt,one which the Spartans were just barelyable to put down.

Made them helotspeasants forced to workthe Spartan

landhad to turn over of all crops to the Spartans.

1. How did the Spartans treat the Messenians?

2.

600B.C. Spartans put down a revolt

by Messenians

3. What type of society did Sparta create in response

to the revolt? Sparta creates a tough, militaristic state.

Rigorous military training

was the life of the Spartan male

from the age of 7 to 60.

At age 20 males were allowed to marry

in order to procreate,

but the men continued to live in their own barrackswith one another.

At left: Illustration depicting the famous legend of the Spartan boy

who, being so disciplined, stood at attention before a superior while a

fox he had hid beneath his tunic chewed away at his stomach.

Video clip:

The History Channel

presents

The Spartans

The entire program

is available

from your instructor

for 2-day checkout.

The Greek historian Herodotus reportsthat

just before the Battle of Thermoplyae,a Spartan warrior named Dienekes was

told that the Persian archers couldblank out the sun

with their full volley of arrows.He replied

"Good, then we shall have ourbattle in the shade."


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An old man wandering aroundthe Olympic Games looking for a seat

was jeered at by the crowduntil he reached the seats of the Spartans,where every Spartan younger than him,

and some that were older,

stood up and offered him their seat.The crowd applauded and the old man

turned to them with a sigh, saying,"All Greeks know what is

honorable and right,but only the Spartans do it!"


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"Come back with your shield - or on it"was supposed to be

the parting cry of mothersto their sons.

According to the writer Plutarch,Mothers whose sons died in battle

openly rejoiced,mothers whose sons survived hung

their heads in shame.


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Asked why it was dishonorableto return without a shieldand not without a helmet,

the Spartan king, Demaratos,is said to have replied:

"Because the latter they put onfor their own protection, but the shield

for the common good of all."(Plutarch)

GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 2Athens Builds a Limited Democracy Text p. 117; Packet p. 5


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621B.C. Draco writes the first legal code. 2. What was the primary cause of conflict between

rich and poor in Athens?

In both outlook and values,

Athens constrasted sharply with Sparta.

An ambassador from the city-state of Corinth

once compared the Spartans to the Athenians

in a speech to the Spartan assembly.

He told the Spartans that they had the strongest

army in Greece, but they were too cautious.He also said that the Spartans

lacked imagination and curiosity.

Athenians, he said, were always eager to learn

new ideas because they had been educated to

think and act as free people.

Read Textbook, top of p. 117In contrast to Sparta,in Athens

and other Greek city-states

boys attended school from

about 714.

Boys learned arithmetic,reading, writing, and

memorized the heroic epic

poems of Homer.

Music, especially the lyre,

was also stressed.

Young men mastered the art of

Debating and, to prepare forbattle, took up wrestling or

other sports.

Wealthy parents frequently

made arrangements

to place their son

with an older male tutor

and these relationships

were often long-lasting.

In Athens,

girls didnt attend school

but a few fortunate ones

did have private tutors.

In general,

women focused their attention

on child-rearing,

weaving cloth

(as shown here),

preparing meals,

and managing the household.

But dont be fooled

Things were not always the life of leisure

in the more highly cultured Athens!

READ Textbook, p. 117: Political and Economic Reforms

When a group of peasants agreed to thwart the attempt of an Athenian nobleman

to establish a tyranny,

they demanded in return that the citys aristocrats write a code of laws for all the people.

They got more than they bargained for.

Dracos code was harsh and included the idea of debt slavery.

Today, we still call harsh or unfair laws draconian in our English language.

The poor wanted more political rights / power.

Debt slavery intensified the conflict.

GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 2Athens Builds a Limited Democracy Text p. 117; Packet p. 5


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621B.C. Draco writes first legal code

for Athens.

2. What was the primary cause of conflict between

rich and poor in Athens?The poor wanted more political rights / power.

Debt slavery intensified the conflict.

594B.C. Solon chosen by aristocrats

to lead Athens.

4. What economic and political reforms did Solon initiate?He outlawed debt slavery, gave more power to

the peoples assembly, allowed all citizens to

bring legal suits, encouraged profitable trade.

546B.C. Pisistratus the Tyrant,seizes power in Athens.

5. How did Pisistratus gain the support of the poor?He provided money to the poor to buy farm stuff,

creating jobs by starting public building

programs to put the poor back to work.

508B.C. Cleisthenes introduces

political reforms in Athens.

6. What steps did Cleisthenes take to create a first

limited Democracy in Athens?Broke up the power of the nobility by reorganizing

the law assembly, allowing all citizens to submit

laws. He created the Council of 500.

These reforms allowed all Athenian citizens to participate in a limited democracy, though

only one-fifth of Athenian residents were classified as citizens (free, adult, males over 20.)

GREECE: See chart in Textbook p. 117 / Handout,Identifying Terms


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TYPES of GOVERNMENT

MONARCHY

A state / nation ruled by a king or queen.

Rule is usually passed on in hereditary fashion.Some rulers in early times claimed Divine right

Mycenae had a monarchy (ca. 1450 B.C.)

ARISTOCRACY

State ruled by nobility (the land-owning families)

Rule is hereditary / based on land-ownership

Social status / wealth support rulers authority

Athens had an aristocracy in its early history (594 B.C.)

OLIGARCHY

State ruled by a small group of elite citizens

Rule is based on wealth

The ruling elite group controls the military Sparta had an oligarchy (800-600 B.C.)

DIRECT DEMOCRACY

State ruled by its citizens

Rule is based on citizenship

Majority rule is method of decision-making Athens had the first such Democracy (461 B.C.)

Linking the Past to the Present

The United States of America

in the 18th c. A.D.

became the worlds

first Democracy

since the time of the

5th c. B.C. Athenians.

However, the United States has

what is known as

a Representative Democracy

since a direct democracy

was not feasible.
http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summaryhttp://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/hixclient.exe?_IXDB_=compass&_IXSR_=qg2&_IXSS_=_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXDB_=compass&%24+with+all_unique_id_index+is+%24=OBJ3083&_IXFIRST_=1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXSPFX_=graphical/full/lg&_IXimg=k119761.jpg&submit-button=summary


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TODAYS OBJECTIVES:

Identify the causes of the Persian Wars and major battles in this historic conflict.

Describe the Greek military method (hoplite phalanx)

Describe the consequences of the Persian Wars on the Greek homeland.


Section 2: The Persian Wars


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GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 2The Persian Wars Text p. 118; Packet p. 6


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I. CAUSESA. Greek colonies in Ionia (the coast of Asia Minor) are conquered by the Persians

B. Athens responds by sending aid to the colonistsships, soldiers, etc.to help

them rebel against Persias presence in the area.

C. King Darius of Persia defeats the rebels and vows to destroy Athens in revenge.

Athens Sparta

Ionian

Sea

Mediterranean Sea

.Byzantium

IONIA

Greek colonies

Persian Empire >>

Aegean Sea

Black

SeaMACEDONIA

Darius the Great

of Persia

THE PERSIAN THREAT

The Western World Feels

The Heat!!



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II. THE BATTLES

A. The Persian army larger and superior on land,

but the Greeks were masters of the Sea and

had the fearsome hoplite phalanx.B. The Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.)

25,000 Persiansvs. 10,000 Athenians

The light-armored Persians not familiar with

the hoplite style of warfare.

Persian

Navy

Greek Victory at Marathon

Persians lost 6,500; Athenians lost 192

Athenian army fighting at Marathon realizesPersian ships are now heading toward Athens,

which is defenseless in their absence.

Send Pheidippides, the Marathon runner

(about 26 miles) to warn the people of Athens

that althoughthe Athenian army was victorious at Marathon,

the Persian ships now heading to Athens.


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The Olympic footrace is shown.

Pheidippides had been the winner of this difficult Olympic event four times!

He was the perfect choice to make

the Marathon run to Athens,

telling the Athenian people, Rejoice, we conquer!

But prepare yourselves Athensfor Persian ships now head your way.

Linking the Past to the Present: Read about the Marathon today, Textbook p. 118



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II. THE BATTLES

A. The Persian army larger and superior on land,

but the Greeks were masters of the Sea and

had the fearsome hoplite phalanx.

B. The Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.)

25,000 Persiansvs. 10,000 Athenians

The light-armored Persians not familiar with

the hoplite style of warfare.

Persian

Navy

Greek Victory at Marathon

Persians lost 6,500; Athenians lost 192

Athenian army fighting at Marathon realizesPersian ships are now heading toward Athens,

which is defenseless in their absence.

Send Pheidippides, the Marathon runner

(about 26 miles) to warn the people of Athens

that althoughthe Athenian army was victorious at Marathon,

the Persian ships now heading to Athens.

Athenian Greeks arrive home to Athens

before Persian ships pull into harbor.

The Persians retreat! Show Video Clip



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II. THE BATTLES

C. The Battle of Thermopylae (480 B.C.)

King Darius of Persia now dead, his son, Xerxes, attempts to crush the Greeks.

10 years after the amazing victory of the Athenians at Marathon, the Persians return !

See Textbook map, p. 119

Your Packet Map, p. 16b

10 years of planning an invasion of Greece that will avenge his fathers loss,Xerxes is certain his plan will work.

It will involve the largest army AND the largest naval fleet ever assembled up to that day.

The navy will sail along the coastline of the Aegean Sea

supplying the land army on its long march.

A huge bridge had to be constructed across the Hellespont .


GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 2: The Persian Wars


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CRETE

CYCLADES

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Athens

Sparta

MACEDONIA

ASIA MINOR

(Anatolia)

Persian Army

Ionian

Sea

PERSIAN WARS in 480 B.C.

Major Battle Locations .

Black

Sea

.ByzantiumHellespontcrossing

IONIA

Greek coloniesMarathon.

Thermopylae.

Persian Navy



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Greeks are dividedsome want to stand against the enormous Persian army / fleet;others are bitter at Athens and think it is better to let Persia get its revenge on Athens

and be done with the matter.

Some Greeks even fought on the side of Persian army as it began marching down the

eastern coast of Greece toward Athens.


II. THE BATTLES


King Darius of Persia now dead, his son, Xerxes, attempts to crush the Greeks.




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- Persian army comes to narrow mountain pass of Thermopylae and

are met by 7,000 Greeks; including 300 Spartans blocking the pass.

- 3-Day fight ends after a Greek traitor tells the Persians about

a secret path around the cliffs. A nightmare for the Greeks!

- The Spartan force alone held the pass, allowing their fellow Greek forces safe retreat.

The Spartans sacrificeall were killedmade a great impression on the Greeks.


II. THE BATTLES


Video Clip

http://lilt.ilstu.edu/drjclassics/lectures/parthenonmarbles/0022.htm


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CRETE

CYCLADES

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Athens

Sparta

MACEDONIA

ASIA MINOR

(Anatolia)

Persian Army

Ionian

Sea



Black

Sea

.ByzantiumHellespontcrossing

IONIA

Greek colonies

Thermopylae.

Salamis .

Persian Navy

Persian Victory



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D. The Battle ofSalamis- Knowing the Persians are now on their way to Athens, the Athenians take action.

- Themistocles convinces the Athenians to evacuate their city and fight at sea.

- Greeks position themselves in a narrow channel near island of Salamis.

- Angry at finding the city empty, Xerxes burns Athens !

- Xerxes orders his ships to blockthe channel but the

large, bulky Persian ships get

trapped

and the Athenian navy

moves in for the kill !

______________________________


II. THE BATTLES




f f


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- The Greeks steer their fast-moving triremes around the large Greek vesselsdriving their battering rams into the Persian ships hulls.

Xerxes loses 1/3 of his fleet and orders retreat.


II. THE BATTLES


D. The Battle ofSalamis

Video Clip


10 f h i i f h A h i M h h P i !


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- The Greeks steer their fast-moving triremes around the large Greek vessels drivingtheir battering rams into the Persian ships hulls. Xerxes loses 1/3 of his fleet and

orders retreat.


II. THE BATTLES


D. The Battle ofSalamis

- The Spartans continue the land battle in the north and

defeat the rest of the Persian army

at the Battle of Plataea.


http://lilt.ilstu.edu/drjclassics/lectures/parthenonmarbles/0090.htm


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CRETE

CYCLADES

Aegean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Athens

Sparta

MACEDONIA

ASIA MINOR

(Anatolia)

Persian Army

Ionian

Sea



Black

Sea

.ByzantiumHellespont

crossing

IONIA

Greek colonies

Thermopylae.

Salamis .

Persian Navy

Persian Victory

Plataea .

Greek Victories


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III THE CONSEQUENCES f h P i W


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A. Greeks now feel a sense of confidence and pride

B. Athens rises from the ashes to bask in glory of victory

and rebuild its city in a glorious fashion.C. Athens will lead the formation of an Alliance of the

Greek city-states called the Delian League

1. Athens collected dues from city-state members

2. Drove the Persians from remaining Greek areas

and promised to end any future threats3. Athens will build a powerful naval empire and now

uses it to dominate over the other Greek city-states.

Athens uses the proceeds from the dues to create the

costly building projects on the Acropolis (the Parthenon, etc.)

This led to resentment towards Athens among the other Greeks

UNIFIED THE GREEKS

for a short time!

Was a 40-foot tall

gold & ivory statue of Athena

really necessary, Athens?

III. THE CONSEQUENCES of the Persian Wars

Ch 5: CLASSICAL GREECE


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TODAYS OBJECTIVES:

Identify the three goals of Pericles for Athens.

Describe Greek styles in the arts.

Explain the major conflicts in the Peloponnesian War.


Section 3: Greeces Golden Age

GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 3Greeces Golden Age Text p. 120; Packet p. 8


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What was the sacrifice of Sparta?

What was the sacrifice of Athens?

How did each event help bring unity among the Greeks?

Athens even led the formation of the first Greek-alliance.

What was this organizations name?

What were its goals?

How were the goals supposed to be financed?

THE ANCIENT WORLD NEWSWinter, 480 B.C.

NEWS FLASH:

Sacrifice of Sparta & Athens Brings Victory for Greeks

and New Unity Among Them

Section 2 Recap:

EXPLAIN

THE MEANING

OF THIS

ANCIENT

NEWSPAPERSHEADLINE



III THE CONSEQUENCES f th P i W


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A. Greeks now feel a sense of confidence and pride

B. Athens rises from the ashes to bask in glory of victory

and rebuild its city in a glorious fashion.C. Athens will lead the formation of an Alliance of the

Greek city-states called the Delian League

1. Athens collected dues from 140 city-state members

2. PURPOSE: Drive the Persians from remaining

Greek areas and promised to end any future threats3. Athens will build a powerful naval empire and now

uses it to dominate over the other Greek city-states.

Athens uses the proceeds from the dues to create the

costly building projects on the Acropolis (the Parthenon, etc.)

This led to resentment towards Athens among the other Greeks

UNIFIED THE GREEKS

for a short time!

Was a 40-foot tall

gold & ivory statue of Athena

really necessary, Athens?

III. THE CONSEQUENCES of the Persian Wars

140 Greek city-states paid dues into the Delian Leaguefor promises from Athens to rebuild its navy,


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p y,

to drive remaining Persian troops from Greek Ionia

and protect Greece from further Persian threat.

Athens does indeed rebuild its navybut now uses that mighty to dominate over the other Greek city-states.

This led to resentment.

Worse,

Athens also uses the proceeds from the dues to rebuild their own burned city.

creating the costly building projects on the Acropolis (the Parthenon, etc.)

As Athens constructs a Golden Age

of building construction

the other Greeks were stupefied and bitter!



IV ATHENS GOLDEN AGE


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IV. ATHENS GOLDEN AGE

A. Achievements ofPericles

1. Strengthened the Athenian Democracy

The great Athenian leader Pericles

who rebuilt Athens from ashes, a

skilled politician, would hold on to

popular support for 32 years.

Read textbook,

History Makersp. 121


Textbook, p.

120: In what

way did Pericles

strengthen

Democracy?

2. Strengthened the Athenian Empire / Navy

3. Brought glory to Athens

Designed, along with the great sculptor Phidias,

the Parthenon; temple to Athena in Athens

Whats the story? Why does the

Parthenon stand in ruin today?

GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 3Greeces Golden Age Text p. 121-122; Packet p. 8

IV ATHENS GOLDEN AGE


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IV. ATHENS GOLDEN AGE

B. GREEK ART

1. Classical Arta style that values

orderly arrangement of design, balance,

exact proportions, as well as an emphasis on realism

and the grace and beauty of the human body.

Sculptures of gods/goddesses or Greek athletes

idealized the human form.

http://www.crystalinks.com/greekart.html

The Greeks employed what is known in Geometry as

The Golden Mean

in the construction of the Parthenon.


Life-size marble statue

ofApollo with his lyre.

The classical style

is still popular today.

Chapter 5, Section 3Greeces Golden Age

Labeling Features of Classical Architecture Packet p. 16c
http://www.bestpriceart.com/painting/?productid=21573&tc=artchive


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BASE

COLUMN

CAPITAL

SHAFT

ENTABLATURE

FREIZE

METOPES

TRIGLYPHS

CORNICE

PEDIMENT
http://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htm


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Marble metope from the Parthenon freize

A fight between a human Lapith and a CentaurThe Acropolis, Athens, Greece, around 440 BC

It is only because of Pausanias' description that we knowthe details of the central subject of the East Pediment, formuch of this great sculpture was sadly destroyed in theprocess of making the Parthenon into a Christian church.But we can see the sun god leading his horse-drawnchariot out of Oceanos (the band of water that enclosesthe earth) into the sky across and over the group of gods

witnessing Athena's birth: the dawning of a new day.

METOPES

FREIZE

PEDIMENTVisitors to the British museum

in London today viewing the

famous Elgin marbles taken

from the Parthenon in Athens.

Chapter 5, Section 3Greeces Golden Age

Labeling Features of Classical Architecture Packet p. 16c
http://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/showposter.php?id=alexander-poster.jpghttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htmhttp://alexander-the-great.co.uk/alexander-poster.htm


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DORICThe oldest style.Sturdy with plain top.

Used in mainland Greeceand the colonies in

southern Italy and Sicily.

IONICThis style is thinner and more elegant.

Its capital is decorated with a scroll-like design.

This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands.

CORINTHIANThis later style was

seldom used inthe Greek world,but often seen onRoman temples.

Its capital is very elaborateand decorated withacanthus leaves.

A l i it l


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A very plain capital

indicates this is

an early Doric design.

The Erechtheum also sits on the

Athenian Acropolis. These

elaborate maidens used as column

supports are called Caryatids.

This style was quite rare.

Corinthian


C GREEK DRAMA


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C. GREEK DRAMA

1. Greeks invented, built the first theaters

SKENE

ORCHESTRA /

STAGE

CHORUS

THEATRON

Today we still enjoy the 2 TYPES of DRAMA first written by the Greeks:

2. TRAGEDYa serious drama about themes like war, love,jealousy, betrayal, and untimely death.

Notable Greek Tragedy Playwrights:

Sophocles ~ Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex); Antigone

Euripides ~MedeaAeschylus

Often in Tragedies, a hero is brought down to a tragic end / fall

because of his excessive pride (such as thinking himself like a god / immortal, etc.)

This type ofpride / arrogance that led to a mans downfall is known as hubris.


C GREEK DRAMA


82/125

C. GREEK DRAMA

1. Greeks invented, built the first theaters

Today we still enjoy the 2 TYPES of DRAMA first written by the Greeks:

2. TRAGEDYa serious drama about themes like war, love,jealousy, betrayal, and untimely death.

3. COMEDYa type of dramatic production that contains humor.

Notable Greek Comedy Playwright:

Aristophanes ~ The Clouds; Lysistrata

Some comedies are satirehumor that pokes funat present-day subjects,

political scandals,

peoples customs, etc.

GREECE: Chapter 5, Section 3The Peloponnesian War Text p. 123; Packet p. 9

IV THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR


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IV. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

A. CAUSES

The power and glory of Athens (paid for by the Delian League dues the city-states were beingforced to continue to pay to Athens,

even though the Persian threat was now over)

Athens arrogance led to much bitter resentment among the other Greeks.

Men talk politics in

Ch5 the Greeks

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Transcript of Ch5 the Greeks