Ch2
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Transcript of Ch2
chapter 2
• quiz
• quiz groups
• group development stages
• group goals
• group norms
• characteristics of effective groups
groups
group 1 group 2 group 3 group 4 group 5
corissa andreamichelle
h.kaytie ariana
heather krystal linda j. linda d joshua
michelle r.
leticia ryan marvin rosaena
erica elio youa nokou jessie
diana john danielle
group development stages
• forming stage
• explore personal goals, group goals
• awkward / unfamiliar
• primary tension
• social unease / stiffness that accompanies getting-acquainted stage in new groups
• will resolve naturally
group development stages
• storming stage
• task work starts
• conflict <-> cohesion dialectic
• leadership <-> followership dialectic
• secondary tension
• conflict over power/influence
• must deal with it
group development stages
• norming stage
• resolve tensions
• more order / trust
• structure <-> spontaneity dialectic
• establish norms/rules
• conforming <-> nonconforming dialectic
group development stages
• performing stage
• roles / responsibilities known
• adaptable to change according to group needs
• morale is high
• task <-> maintenance dialectic
group development stages
• adjourning stage
• group has reached goal
• individual goals become more prominent again
• sometimes a sense of loss is felt
group goals• Lock and Latham’s goal
theory explains that groups function best when their goals:
• are specific
• are hard by realistic
• are accepted by members
• are used to evaluate performance
• are linked to feedback and rewards
• are set by members and groups
• allow for member growth
goal-setting steps
• specify the nature of the task to be accomplished in terms of outcomes and/or behaviors
• specify how group outcomes and/or behaviors will be measured
• specify the performance standard for achieving the goal
• specify the time span and deadlines for achieving subgoals and overall goal
• specify the coordination requirements for goal achievement
goal-setting steps - in question form
• what do we want to accomplish?
• how will we know when we’ve accomplished our goal?
• how well have we achieved our goal?
• what tasks do we need to complete in order to achieve our goal by a specific date?
• how will we coordinate the work / contributions of group members most efficiently and effectively?
hidden agendas
• when individual goals and group goals conflict
• to avoid - be honest, open about your other commitments
presentation guidelines
• Present a discussion in which you tell the class about a serious problem facing the local community - the problem may exist in other communities, but this presentation is to focus on the local aspects of the problem.
• magnitude: large, serious
• costs: financial, human, community
• populations
• reasons it exists
• barriers to solve the problem
• You will be evaluated on strong delivery skills, appropriate use of language, engaging vocal variety, energetic and enthusiastic gestures and strong eye contact - as well as level of cohesion and commitment in groups.
group norms
• sets of expectations held by group members concerning what kinds of behaviors or opinions are acceptable or unacceptable, good or bad, right or wrong, appropriate or inappropriate
• group norms help
• express the values of the group
• the group to function smoothly
• define appropriate social behavior
• the group to survive
types of norms
• explicit: put into writing and shared verbally
• rules
• implicit: rarely discussed or openly communicated
• learned from prior group experiences
• learned from early group interactions
writing and establishing rules
• to help form group goals, consider the following questions:
• how long should our meeting last? standard date and time for meeting? what do we do if we can’t make it?
• how will we ensure that each member is doing their work?
• how will we manage conflict?
• how will we make our decisions?
conformity <-> nonconformity
• conformity: when members adopt attitudes and actions that adhere to groups norms
• groups may put pressure on members to conform
• nonconformity: when member does not meet the expectations of the group
• constructive nonconformity can still be worked out within the group
• destructive nonconformity cannot be.
• accept, confront or ignore behavior
characteristics of effective groups
• the most effective groups share these 8 characteristics:
• clear, elevated goal
• resulsts-driven structure
• competent team members
• unified commitment
• a collaborative climate
• standards of excellence
• external support and recognition
• principled leadership