Computers3 Ch2

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Mongolia International University Operating Systems Operating Systems Chapter 2 Chapter 2 B.M.H B.M.H

description

Chapter 2 lectures

Transcript of Computers3 Ch2

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Mongolia International University

Operating SystemsOperating Systems

Chapter 2Chapter 2

B.M.HB.M.H

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Software ClassificationSoftware Classification System SoftwareSystem Software Operating SystemOperating System OS of PCsOS of PCs NOS NOS

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Computer SystemComputer System

HardwareHardware Input devicesInput devices Processor (CPU)Processor (CPU) Output devicesOutput devices Secondary storageSecondary storage

SoftwareSoftware System softwareSystem software Application softwareApplication software

PeoplePeople

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SoftwareSoftware

System softwareSystem software all programs related to coordinating computer all programs related to coordinating computer

operationsoperations Operating systemsOperating systems Programming language translatorsProgramming language translators A variety of utility programsA variety of utility programs

Application softwareApplication software allows user to perform useful workallows user to perform useful work

Word processing, spreadsheet software, etc Word processing, spreadsheet software, etc

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System SWSystem SW

When you think of a computer, what When you think of a computer, what first comes into your head?first comes into your head? The physical component The physical component

like the monitor, keyboard, or mouse The applications that run on your computerThe applications that run on your computer

like word processing, video game, internet browsing

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Operating SystemOperating System

An An operating systemoperating system is the software is the software needed to communicate needed to communicate application application programsprograms and computer and computer hardwarehardware to to each other. (called OS)each other. (called OS)

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OSOS

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OSOS

Serves as a intermediary Serves as a intermediary between the applications software and the between the applications software and the

hardwarehardware

The fundamental software The fundamental software that controls access to all other hardware that controls access to all other hardware

and software resourcesand software resources

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OSOS

A set of programs A set of programs that lies between the applications software that lies between the applications software

and the hardwareand the hardware KernelKernel : the most important program in OS : the most important program in OS Can be divided as remaining in memoryCan be divided as remaining in memory

Resident : Kernel Nonresident : other OS programs

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KernelKernel

The program that manages the OSThe program that manages the OS Most of it remains in memoryMost of it remains in memory

Referred to as Referred to as residentresident Controls the entire OS Controls the entire OS Loads into memory other OS programs Loads into memory other OS programs

(called nonresident) from disk storage (called nonresident) from disk storage only as neededonly as needed

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Computers

KernelKernel

MIU

A kernel connects the application software to the hardware of a computer.

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BootingBooting

The process of loading the OS into The process of loading the OS into memorymemory

When computer is turned on,When computer is turned on, A small program stored in a ROM chip A small program stored in a ROM chip

performs some internal HW component performs some internal HW component tests,tests,

Then loads the kernel from the hard drive Then loads the kernel from the hard drive into the computerinto the computer’’s memorys memory

Called Called bootstrappingbootstrapping

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OSOS

Three main functionsThree main functions Managing the computerManaging the computer’’s resources, s resources,

such as the CPU, memory, disk drives and printers Establishing a Establishing a user interfaceuser interface Executing and providing services for Executing and providing services for

applications softwareapplications software

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User interfaceUser interface

Determines how the user interacts with the OSDetermines how the user interacts with the OS Interface : inter + faceInterface : inter + face : a way of presenting information to and obtaining : a way of presenting information to and obtaining

information from a userinformation from a user

Two basic formsTwo basic forms Command-line interfaceCommand-line interface Graphical user interface (GUI)Graphical user interface (GUI)

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User interfaceUser interface

Command-line interfaceCommand-line interface Text-basedText-based Requires you to type in complete OS commandsRequires you to type in complete OS commands Ex) MS-DOS, Unix, Linux, many large-computer Ex) MS-DOS, Unix, Linux, many large-computer

OSsOSs

Graphical user interface (GUI)Graphical user interface (GUI) Visual images and menus to allow users to Visual images and menus to allow users to

enter commandsenter commands Ex) Windows, Mac OS, some installations of Ex) Windows, Mac OS, some installations of

Linux and UnixLinux and Unix

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OSs for Personal ComputersOSs for Personal Computers OSs for NetworksOSs for Networks OSs for Large Computer OSs for Large Computer

SystemsSystems

IndexIndex

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OS for personal OS for personal computerscomputers

When you buy something for your When you buy something for your computer, you must know computer, you must know not only the OS the computer has, not only the OS the computer has, but also about its but also about its platformplatform

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OSs for Personal OSs for Personal ComputersComputers

The SW is grouped according to the The SW is grouped according to the platform, on which the SW can run.platform, on which the SW can run.

PlatformPlatform A combination of computer hardware and A combination of computer hardware and

operating system softwareoperating system software Most common families of platformsMost common families of platforms

Windows family : (referred as Wintel) Microsoft Windows + Intel processor based PC

Macintosh family Mac OS + Motorola processor

Unix family Unix + all families of processors

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MS-DOSMS-DOS

Called DOS (Disk Operating System)Called DOS (Disk Operating System) Command-line user interfaceCommand-line user interface

C:\ (disk drive)C:\ (disk drive) > : prompt > : prompt

a signal that the system is prompting you to do something

the only visible result of booting At this point, you must type command

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Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows

GUIGUI Icons, menus (pull-down menus, pop-menus)Icons, menus (pull-down menus, pop-menus)

Three branches serving different usersThree branches serving different users Home/consumer market Home/consumer market

Windows 9x (95, 98, ME) Corporate market Corporate market

Windows NT, 2000 Both the consumer and corporateBoth the consumer and corporate

Windows XP

For pocket computers and Internet applianceFor pocket computers and Internet appliance Windows CE

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MAC OSMAC OS

The first commercially successful GUIThe first commercially successful GUI Based on concepts developed at XeroxBased on concepts developed at Xerox’’s s

PARC research center in Palo Alto, CaliforniaPARC research center in Palo Alto, California MAC OS XMAC OS X

Enhancement in multimedia support and Enhancement in multimedia support and multitasking-the ability to do several things multitasking-the ability to do several things at once.at once.

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UNIXUNIX

A multiuser time-sharing OSA multiuser time-sharing OS A character-based system with a A character-based system with a

command-line user interfacecommand-line user interface The primary OS in use on Internet The primary OS in use on Internet

server, todayserver, today Run on about every type of computer Run on about every type of computer

available from microcomputers to available from microcomputers to mainframesmainframes

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LINUXLINUX

Linus Torvalds, a student at the Univ. Linus Torvalds, a student at the Univ. Of Helsinki in FinlandOf Helsinki in Finland Created the kernel of a Unix-like OS Created the kernel of a Unix-like OS Made the source code available to the Made the source code available to the

public free of chargepublic free of charge Command-line interface, also provide a Command-line interface, also provide a

GUIGUI

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OSs for NetworksOSs for Networks

NOS (Network Operating System)NOS (Network Operating System) An extension of OSs for PCsAn extension of OSs for PCs Designed to let computers on a network Designed to let computers on a network

share resourcesshare resources Similar to a standard OS but include special Similar to a standard OS but include special

features for handling network functionsfeatures for handling network functions Ex) Windows 2000Ex) Windows 2000

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NOSNOS

FunctionsFunctions Resource sharing on a networkResource sharing on a network

Such as hard disks and printers Data securityData security

Does this user have the right to that data? TroubleshootingTroubleshooting

Computer *** on the network failed to receive a message intended for it

Administrative controlAdministrative control Track the online hours and track the number of

messages to and from each computer

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NOSNOS

In a client/server relationshipIn a client/server relationship Parts of the NOS : on Server computer Parts of the NOS : on Server computer

file access, management programs Other NOS components : on Client computerOther NOS components : on Client computer

software that permits requests to the server and messages to other computers

Client computers has its own OS (ex, Windows ME)