Ch03_Lecture PPT-Part 1-Types of Chemical Reactions

7/30/2019 Ch03_Lecture PPT-Part 1-Types of Chemical Reactions

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2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 3

Chemical Formulas

and Types of

Reactions

Lecture Presentation


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Stoichiometry


Law of Conservation of Mass

We may lay it down asan incontestable axiomthat, in all the operationsof art and nature, nothingis created; an equalamount of matter existsboth before and after theexperiment. Upon this

principle, the whole art ofperforming chemicalexperiments depends.

--Antoine Lavoisier, 1789


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Stoichiometry


Chemical Equations

Chemical equations are concise

representations of chemical reactions.


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Stoichiometry


Anatomy of a Chemical Equation

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)


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Stoichiometry



CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Reactants appear on the left

side of the equation.


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Stoichiometry



CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Products appear on the right

side of the equation.


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Stoichiometry



CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

The states of the reactants and products are

written in parentheses to the right of each

compound.


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Stoichiometry



CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Coefficients are inserted to balance the

equation.


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Stoichiometry


Subscripts and Coefficients Give Different

Information

Subscripts tell the number of atoms of each

element in a molecule.

Coefficients tell the number of molecules.


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Stoichiometry


Reaction Types


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Stoichiometry


Combination Reactions

Examples: 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

C3H6(g) + Br2(l) C3H6Br2(l)

In combinationreactions two or

more substances

react to form one

product.


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Stoichiometry


In a decomposition

reaction one

substance breaks

down into two ormore substances.

Decomposition Reactions

Examples: CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + O2(g)

2NaN3(s) 2Na(s) + 3N2(g)


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Stoichiometry


Combustion Reactions

Examples:

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

Combustion reactions

are generally rapid

reactions that produce

a flame.

Combustion reactionsmost often involve

hydrocarbons reacting

with oxygen in the air.


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Stoichiometry


Single Replacement Reactions

Examples: Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)

In a Single

Replacement

Reaction, one element

replaces another

element in a compound.


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Stoichiometry

Double Replacement Reactions

Examples: Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)

2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Precipitation Reactions

Acid-Base Reactions/Neutralization reactions

In a Double

Replacement Reaction,

two compoundsexchange ions to produce

two new compounds.

Cations exchange anions.


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Stoichiometry

Practice Problems

Balance the following equations and indicate the type of reaction taking place:

1) ____ NaBr + ____ H3PO4 ____ Na3PO4 + ____ HBr

Type of reaction: ____________________

2) ____ Ca(OH)2 + ____ Al2(SO4)3 ____ CaSO4 + ____ Al(OH)3

Type of reaction: ____________________

3) ____ Mg + ____ Fe2O3 ____ Fe + ____ MgO

Type of reaction: ____________________

4) ____ C2H4 + ____ O2 ____ CO2 + ____ H2O

Type of reaction: ____________________


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Stoichiometry

Practice Problems

Balance the following equations and indicate the type of reaction taking place:

5) ____ PbSO4 ____ PbSO3 + ____ O2

Type of reaction: ____________________

6) ____ NH3 + ____ I2 ____ N2I6 + ____ H2

Type of reaction: ____________________

7) ____ H2O+ ____ SO3 ____ H2SO4

Type of reaction: ____________________

8) ____ H2SO4 + ____ NH4OH ____ H2O + ____ (NH4)2SO4

Type of reaction: ____________________


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Stoichiometry

Practice Problems

Write, balance and identify the type of the following equations.

1. nitrogen + hydrogen ammonia

2. cupric oxide + hydrogen copper + water

3. sodium + sulfuric acid sodium sulfate + hydrogen

4. magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen

5. barium peroxide + sulfuric acid hydrogen peroxide + barium sulfate


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Stoichiometry

Practice Problems

Write, balance and identify the type of the following equations.

6. potassium chlorate potassium chloride + oxygen

7. water hydrogen + oxygen

8. ferric oxide iron + oxygen

9. hydrogen + bismuth(III)oxide bismuth + water

10. potassium carbonate + barium chloride potassium chloride + barium carbonate

Ch03_Lecture PPT-Part 1-Types of Chemical Reactions

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