Ch 9 ReviewLearning

This is happening when you respond to a second stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus without

additional training

Generalization

This produces a predictable response without previous training

Unconditioned Stimulus

This occurs naturally and predictably without training

Unconditioned Response

A stimulus that has nothing to do with the response before training has

started

Neutral stimulus

The ability to respond differently to different stimuli

Discrimination

A neutral event leads to this after training

Conditioned Response

Psychologist who “discovered” classical conditioning by accident

while researching digestion in dogs

Ivan Pavlov

This is the loss of a conditioned response when the conditioned

stimulus is removed

Extinction

A type of behavior modification in which an old response attaches to a

new stimulus

Classical conditioning

When a person’s behavior causes the unpleasant event to stop, this is

known as what type of conditioning

Escape conditioning

What is the term for a stimulus or event that is likely to increase a

behavior

Reinforcement

A schedule that provides reinforcement after a random

number of responses

Variable ratio

Reponses that occur in sequence are known as what?

Response chain

This type of schedule provides reinforcement after a specific

amount of time

Fixed interval

This type of reinforcer satisfies a biological need

Primary reinforcer

This is when the removal of unpleasant consequences increases

the frequency of a behavior

Negative reinforcement

The type of learning that results from unpleasant consequences

Punishment or aversive control

Famous psychologist who worked to examine learnable fears with a subject known as Little Albert

John B. Watson

In this type of conditioning the person’s behavior prevents an unpleasant experience from

happening

Avoidance Conditioning

What type of behavior modification is based on learning from the consequences of behavior?

Operant Conditioning

What time of reinforcement schedule is based on random amounts of

time?

Variable interval

What is the term for reinforcement that rewards for responses that are

closer and closer to the desired response?

Shaping

Who is the psychologist known for his research teaching rats to resp0nd in

order to receive food?

B. F. Skinner

What psychologist was known for his experiment with Bobo the Clown?

Albert Bandura

John B. Watson is associated with what type of behavior modification (classical, operant or social

learning)?

Classical conditioning

Albert Bandura is associated with what type of behavior modification (classical, operant or social

learning)?

Social learning

B. F. Skinner is associated with what type of behavior modification (classical, operant or social

learning)?

Operant conditioning

A mental picture of a place

Cognitive map

What focuses on how information is obtained, process, and organized?

Cognitive Learning

What is the system for providing tangible rewards for desired

behaviors?

Token economy

What results in a lowered sense of self-esteem and a lack of effort?

Learned helplessness

What is the term for learning that occurs without a reinforcer?

Latent learning

What type of learning happens through observation and imitation?

Modeling

What is the term for learning principles applied systematically to

change people’s actions and feelings?

Behavior modification

What is learning that involves how people make decisions and act upon

the available information?

Social learning