Ch. 9Ch. 9Launching the Launching the New RepublicNew Republic

9.1: Washington takes 9.1: Washington takes officeoffice

11stst Presidential Election - 1789 Presidential Election - 1789

Most electoral votes Most electoral votes President President

George Washington George Washington (GW)(GW)

Second place Second place Vice-president Vice-president

John Adams (JAm)John Adams (JAm)

“I have now Sir to inform you that . . . your patriotism and your readiness to sacrifice . . . private enjoyments to preserve the liberty and promote the happiness of your Country [convinced the Congress that you would accept] this important Office to which you are called not only by the unanimous votes of the Electors but by the voice of America.“

GW would set many GW would set many precedentsprecedents....

good examples for other good examples for other Presidents to follow – set Presidents to follow – set

the standardthe standard http://www.history.com/videos/george-washingtons-precedents#george-washingtons-precedents

He appointed experts to his He appointed experts to his cabinet….cabinet….

Secretary of War – national Secretary of War – national defensedefense

Henry KnoxHenry Knox Leon E. Panetta Secretary of Secretary of

DefenseDefense

Secretary of State- Secretary of State- foreign affairsforeign affairs

Thomas Jefferson (TJ)Thomas Jefferson (TJ) Hillary ClintonHillary Clinton

Secretary of the Secretary of the Treasury - $$Treasury - $$

Alexander Hamilton (Ham) Timothy Alexander Hamilton (Ham) Timothy GeithnerGeithner

Attorney General– legal Attorney General– legal issuesissues

Edmond RandolphEdmond Randolph Eric H. Eric H. Holder Jr.Holder Jr.

Chief Justice-– head of Chief Justice-– head of Supreme CourtSupreme Court

John JayJohn Jay John John RobertsRoberts

Ham ($$ man) had a plan…Ham ($$ man) had a plan…

Alexander HamiltonAlexander HamiltonSecretary of the TreasurySecretary of the Treasury

1. Pay $52million debt 1. Pay $52million debt -both national & state -both national & state

debtsdebts South said NO to paying South said NO to paying

state debtsstate debts They had already paid theirsThey had already paid theirs

Compromise… Compromise… Said OK if capital was moved Said OK if capital was moved

South South Washington DC would be built Washington DC would be built

2. Raise $$ by using 2. Raise $$ by using tariffstariffs

-taxes on imports-taxes on imports

Helps govt Helps govt tariff $$ pays down debttariff $$ pays down debt

Helps industry Helps industry Americans buy cheaper US Americans buy cheaper US goodsgoods

British made

clipboard

American made

clipboardCost to

produce: $ 0.50 $ 1.00Profit

wanted: $ 1.00 $ 1.00

$ 1.50 $ 2.00Final price:

Which clipboard would most American’s buy?

British made

clipboard

American made

clipboardOriginalprice: $ 1.50 $ 2.00

Cost of tariff: $ 1.00 $ 0.00

$ 2.50 $ 2.00Final price:

Now which clipboard would most American’s buy?

3. Create a national bank3. Create a national bank

- safe place to keep govt. $$- safe place to keep govt. $$

- make loans- make loans

- issue uniform paper money- issue uniform paper money

TJ and James Madison (J Ma) TJ and James Madison (J Ma) disagreed w/Ham about disagreed w/Ham about

national bank.national bank. Constitution did not say anything Constitution did not say anything

about it!!about it!! Strict constructionStrict construction VS VS Loose Loose

constructionconstructionThe Constitution

says nothing about creating a national bank!!

It is “necessary and proper”!!

Ham convinces Congress and GWHam convinces Congress and GW- the national bank is created!- the national bank is created!

We think it’s a great idea!!

So do I!

9.2: Challenges of the 9.2: Challenges of the New GovernmentNew Government

Domestic Foreign

Domestic policyDomestic policy issues…. issues….

Ntv Amrcns in Ohio Ntv Amrcns in Ohio Valley Valley

Settlers want it!!Settlers want it!! GW sends army GW sends army Ntvs defeated and Ntvs defeated and

pushed outpushed out

Also dealt with the “Whiskey Also dealt with the “Whiskey Rebellion” Rebellion”

Farmers turned grain into Whiskey – used as $$Farmers turned grain into Whiskey – used as $$ Tax on whiskey – farmers refused to pay/rebelled Tax on whiskey – farmers refused to pay/rebelled GW led army to enforce the tax and crush the GW led army to enforce the tax and crush the

rebellion rebellion Federal laws would be enforcedFederal laws would be enforced

Foreign policyForeign policy issues….. issues…..

French Revolution created French Revolution created problems for US because…problems for US because…

France - major ally during France - major ally during Revolution.Revolution.

Great Britain - major trading Great Britain - major trading partner.partner.

====

TJ supported France -- TJ supported France -- fighting for liberty and fighting for liberty and

equalityequality

Ham sided with Brits –Ham sided with Brits –-was afraid of losing $$ -was afraid of losing $$

- also hated mob rule- also hated mob rule

GW said US would remain GW said US would remain neutralneutral

http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?www.youtube.com/watch?

v=a5wCl3aAMEQv=a5wCl3aAMEQ

Remaining neutral Remaining neutral would be difficult- would be difficult- England & France England & France began to attack began to attack our cargo shipsour cargo ships

GW sent John Jay to GW sent John Jay to England…England…

Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty – British agreed to: – British agreed to: leave the Ohio Valley leave the Ohio Valley pay for ships they had attackedpay for ships they had attacked

Also Also negotiated negotiated Pickney’s Pickney’s Treaty Treaty w/Spanishw/Spanish

US could use US could use Mississippi R Mississippi R & port of & port of New OrleansNew Orleans

9.3 The Federalists take 9.3 The Federalists take ChargeCharge

Two terms is long enough. Its time for

me to retire!

I do have some advice

before I go…..

Washington's Farewell Address

In his Farewell Address, In his Farewell Address, his advice on political his advice on political

parties was…. parties was…. Keep away!! Keep away!! He feared they would divide He feared they would divide

the nationthe nation

His advice on foreign His advice on foreign affairs…affairs…

Keep out!! Keep out!! Stay neutral Stay neutral ““steer clear of permanent steer clear of permanent

alliances”alliances”

Political parties formed Political parties formed anyway!anyway!

PlatformPlatform (major (major beliefs) of each beliefs) of each

party….party….

Democratic Democratic Republicans…Republicans…

DEMOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANSREPUBLICANS

Leaders: TJ & J MaLeaders: TJ & J Ma strong state governmentsstrong state governments strict construction of strict construction of

ConstitutionConstitution supported French Revolutionsupported French Revolution against national bankagainst national bank economy based on farmingeconomy based on farming supporters: farmers & workerssupporters: farmers & workers

FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS Leaders: AHam & John AdamsLeaders: AHam & John Adams strong central governmentstrong central government loose construction of Constitutionloose construction of Constitution Supported BritishSupported British wanted national bankwanted national bank economy based on industryeconomy based on industry supporters: wealthy, well educatedsupporters: wealthy, well educated

Election of 1796Election of 17961796 Electoral College

John Thomas Adams Jefferson 71 68

Federalist Democratic Republican

President Vice-President

Adams foreign policy Adams foreign policy issue….issue….

Problems with France and the XYZ Problems with France and the XYZ Affair….Affair….

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afB5NJmER5Mv=afB5NJmER5M

Domestically, he dealt with… Domestically, he dealt with…

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

Alien Acts Alien Acts targeted immigrants targeted immigrants (French)(French)

Gave president power to arrest & Gave president power to arrest & deportdeport

Sedition Acts Sedition Acts targeted D.R. targeted D.R. newspapersnewspapers illegal to criticize illegal to criticize governmentgovernment

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-v=C-2pQuR4Zy8&feature=player_embed2pQuR4Zy8&feature=player_embedded#!ded#!

Sedition Acts were Sedition Acts were unconstitutional…unconstitutional…

Freedom of the Press is Freedom of the Press is guaranteed in the 1guaranteed in the 1stst

amendment!!amendment!!

Adams settled things with Adams settled things with France France

He made peace with France He made peace with France his party wanted war!his party wanted war!

He was not re-electedHe was not re-elected His proudest accomplishment!His proudest accomplishment!

“ I desire no other inscription over my gravestone than:

‘Here lies John Adams, who took upon himself the

responsibility of peace with France in the year 1800.’ ”