Energy Balance and Body CompositionStudying = 1 or 2 kcalories/minute

Energy Balance

Food Composition Bomb calorimeter-too much?

Food Composition Direct calorimetry (heat release) vs. indirect calorimetry (O2 consumed)

Physiological fuel value-what the body gets out of food. Value is lower than that measured by the bomb.

Food Intake

Sustaining satiation and satietylower-fat foods can be eaten in larger portions for the same number of kcaloriesFood Intake

Food Intake HypothalamusNeuropeptide Y-chemical compound that stimulateds appetite, increases fat storage*, decreases energy expenditure.

*Leptin: signals body to stop eating, stop storing fat and increase energy expenditure.

Thermogenesis Basal thermogenesis (heat)-a measure of bodys energy expenditure!

Exercise-induced thermogenesis

Diet-induced thermogenesis

Adaptive thermogenesis

Components of Energy Expenditure

Components of Energy ExpenditureBasal metabolism-metabolic expendature during basic life processes.Basal metabolic rate (BMR)-metabolic rate at rest following sleep (no food).(males = 1 kcal/min, women = 0.8 kcal/min)

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Components of Energy Expenditure

Running~14.1 kcal/min@ 7.5 mph

Sex burns >300 kcal/hr.if your doing it right!

REMOVING HER CLOTHES: With her consent........................ 12 Calories Without it..................................187 Calories OPENING HER BRA: With both hands........................ 8 Calories With one hand.......................... 12 Calories With your teeth........................ 85 Calories PUTTING ON A CONDOM: With an erection.............................. 6 Calories Without an erection.................... 315 Calories POSITIONS: Missionary................................... 12 Calories Wheelbarrow............................ 216 Calories Doggy Style............................... 326 Calories Italian chandelier..................... 912 Calories

ORGASMING: Real................................... 112 Calories False.................................. 315 Calories POST ORGASM: Lying in bed hugging................... 18 Calories Getting up immediately................. 36 Calories explaining why you got out of bed immediately................ 816 Calories GETTING A SECOND ERECTION: 20-29 years old......................36 Calories 30-39 years............................ 80 Calories 40-49 years............................ 124 Calories 50-59 years............................ 972 Calories 60-69 years............................ 2916 Calories 70 and over............................ Still awaiting results! DRESSING UP AFTERWARDS: Calmly................................. 32 Calories In a hurry............................. 98 Calories With her father knocking at the door... 1218 Calories With your wife knocking at the door.... 3521 Calories!

Components of Energy Expenditure

Thermic effect of food (TEF)-heat created by food digestion.

Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)-heat gained from eating warm (hot) food.

Estimating Energy Requirements

Gender

Growth

Age

Estimating Energy Requirements

Physical activity

Body composition

Body size

Body Weight, Body Composition, and Health

Body composition: What is yours?

Body weight =fat + lean tissue (including water)

Defining Healthy Body Weight

The criterion of fashion: BMI of Miss America

Defining Healthy Body Weight

The criterion of healthBody mass index (BMI)=weight (kg)/height (m)2

BMI Values Used to Assess Weight

Mike OHearn (Mr. Universe, 1997)

Height: 63 Weight: 245

BMI = 31

Too fat??

Clearly not!

Michelle Gutierrez(Ms. September, 2005)

Height: 53 Weight: 112 lbs. (on a bad day)

BMI = 19

Too much...??

Again...likely not!

Distribution of Body Weights in U.S. Adults

Body Fat and Its Distribution

Body Fat and Its Distribution

Some people need less body fat.

Some people need more body fat

Body Fat and Its Distribution

Fat distributionIntra-abdominal fat (fat around organs)

Central obesity (upper-body fat)

Body Fat and Its Distribution

Waist circumference

If its anything over 35 inches, its too much!

Methods Used to Assess Body Fat

Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat

Health risks of underweight

Health risks of overweight

BMI and Mortality

Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat

Cardiovascular disease

Diabetes

Cancer

Fat and fit versus sedentary and slimJennifer Portnick, aerobics instructor

The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again

The claims and truths of diet fads

ATKINS

High-protein, low carbohydrate dietsThe diets appeal

The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again

High-protein, low carbohydrate dietsDont count kcaloriesSatisfy (ies) hungerFollow a plan (no decision)Limit choices (boring!)

The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again

High-protein, low carbohydrate dietsToo much fatToo much proteinToo little everything elseThe bodys perspective