Ch 3 Tissue Types
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Transcript of Ch 3 Tissue Types
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Chapter 3
Body Tissues
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I. Body TissuesI. Body Tissues
A. Tissues
1.Groups of cells with similar structure and function
2.Four primary types Epithelium Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle
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Cell Diversity – Cell Diversity – predict which tissue?predict which tissue?
Figure 3.7; 1, 2
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Cell Diversity - Cell Diversity - predict which tissue?predict which tissue?
Figure 3.7; 3
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Cell Diversity - Cell Diversity - predict which tissue?predict which tissue?
Figure 3.7; 4, 5
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Cell Diversity - Cell Diversity - predict which tissue?predict which tissue?
Figure 3.7; 6, 7
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II. Epithelial TissuesII. Epithelial TissuesA. Found in different areas Body coverings Body linings Glandular tissue
B.Functions Protection Absorption Filtration Secretion
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C. Epithelium CharacteristicsC. Epithelium Characteristics
A. Cells fit closely together
B.Tissue layer always has one free surface
C. The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane
D. Avascular (have no blood supply)
E. Regenerate easily if well nourished
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D. Classification of EpitheliumD. Classification of Epithelium
1. Number of cell layers
Simple – one layer
Stratified – more than one layer
Figure 3.16a
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Classification of EpitheliumClassification of Epithelium
2. Shape of cells
Squamous – flattened
Cuboidal – cube-shaped
Columnar – column-like
Figure 3.16b
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E. Simple EpitheliumE. Simple Epithelium
1. Simple squamous
a. Single layer of flat cells
b. Usually forms membranes
Lines body cavities
Lines lungs and capillaries
Figure 3.17a
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2. Simple cuboidal
a. Single layer of cube-like cells
b. Common in glands and their ducts
Forms walls of kidney tubules
Covers the ovaries
Figure 3.17b
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3. Simple columnar
a. Single layer of tall cells
b. Often includes goblet
cells, which produce mucus
c. Lines digestive tract
Figure 3.17c
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4. Pseudostratified
a. Single layer, but some
cells are shorter than others
b. Often looks like a double cell layer
Figure 3.17d
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F. Stratified EpitheliumF. Stratified Epithelium
1. Stratified squamous
a. Cells at the free edge are
flattened
b. Found as a protective covering
where friction is common
c. Locations Skin Mouth Esophagus
Figure 3.17e
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2. Stratified cuboidal Two layers of cuboidal cells
3. Stratified columnar Surface cells are columnar, cells
underneath vary in size and shape
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Stratified EpitheliumStratified Epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching
Lines organs of the urinary system
Figure 3.17f
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III.III. Connective Tissue Connective Tissue CharacteristicsCharacteristics
A. Variations in blood supply
1. Some tissue types are well vascularized
2. Some have poor blood supply or are avascular
B. Extracellular matrix
1. Non-living material that surrounds living cells—varies from type to type
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2. Two main elements
a. Ground substance – mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules
b. Fibers Collagen fibers—strong Elastic fibers—stretch Reticular fibers—fine collagen fibers
which form the internal “skeleton” of some organs
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3. Connective Tissue Types3. Connective Tissue Types
a. Bone
b. Cartilage
c. Dense Connective tissue
d. Loose Connective Tissue
e. Blood
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C. Connective Tissue TypesC. Connective Tissue Types
1. Bone (osseous tissue)
a. Composed of:
Bone cells in lacunae (cavities)
Hard matrix of calcium salts
Large numbers of collagen fibers
b. Used to protect and support the body Figure 3.18a
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Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Types
2. cartilage—flexible
a. Hyaline cartilage:
Most common cartilage
Composed of:
Abundant collagen fibers
Rubbery matrix
Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage
Figure 3.18b
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Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Types
b. Elastic cartilage
Provides elasticity
Example: supports the external ear
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Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Types
c. Fibrocartilage
Highly compressible
Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae
Figure 3.18c
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Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Types
3. Dense connective tissue
a. Main matrix element--collagen
b. Cells are fibroblasts
c. Examples Tendon – attach
muscle to bone
Ligaments – attach bone to bone Figure 3.18d
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Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Types
4. Loose connective tissue
a. Areolar
Most widely distributed connective tissue
Soft, pliable tissue
Contains all fiber types
Can soak up excess fluid
Figure 3.18e
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Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Typesb. Adipose tissue
commonly called fat Matrix is an areolar
tissue in which fat globules predominate
Many cells contain large lipid deposits
Functions Insulates the body
Protects some organs
Serves as a site of fuel storage
Figure 3.18f
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Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Types
c. Reticular connective tissue Delicate network of
interwoven fibers
Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs Lymph nodes Spleen Bone marrow Figure 3.18g
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Connective Tissue TypesConnective Tissue Types
5. Blood
a. Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix
b. Fibers are visible during clotting
c. Functions as the transport
vehicle for materials
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IV. Muscle TissueIV. Muscle Tissue
A. Function is to produce movement
B. Three types of muscle tissue
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B. 3 Types of Muscle Tissue, cont.B. 3 Types of Muscle Tissue, cont.
1. Skeletal muscle
a. Can be controlled voluntarily
b. Cells attach to connective tissue
c. Cells are striated
d. Cells have more than one nucleus
Figure 3.19b
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Muscle Tissue TypesMuscle Tissue Types
2. Cardiac muscle
a. Found only in the heart
b. Function is to pump blood (involuntary)
c. Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks
d. Cells are striated
e. One nucleus per cell
Figure 3.19c
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Muscle Tissue TypesMuscle Tissue Types
3. Smooth muscle
a. Involuntary muscle
b. Surrounds hollow organs
c. Attached to other smooth muscle cells
d. No visible striations
e. One nucleus per cell
Figure 3.19a
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V. Nervous TissueV. Nervous TissueA. Composed of
Neurons and nerve support cells
B. Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body
1. Cells display Irritability
2. And Conductivity Figure 3.20