4 tissue types and epithelium
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Transcript of 4 tissue types and epithelium
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The Tissue Level of Organization
Four main types of tissueEpithelial tissue
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Four Tissue Types• Epithelial (epithelium)• Connective• Muscle• Nervous
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Function of Epithelial tissue• Covers body surfaces• Lines body cavities and ducts• Forms glands
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Functions of Connective Tissue • Protects and supports body and organs• Binds organs together• Storage of energy reserve
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Function of Muscular Tissue• Generate force for movement• Body temperature maintenance
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Functions of Nervous Tissue• Initiates nerve impulses• Body coordination
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Epithelium• Two types of epithelium– Covering and lining– Glandular
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Covering and lining epithelium• Characterized by– cell arrangement – cell shape
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Epithelial cell arrangements• Simple– One layer of cells
• Stratified– Two or more layers of cells
• Pseudostratified– One layer of cells; appears to have multiple layers
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Epithelial cell shapes• Squamous– Flat, thin, arranged like floor tiles.• Shape allows for rapid transport
• Cuboidal– Shaped like cubes (or hexagons)• Secretion and absorption
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Epithelial cell shapes• Columnar– Tall and cylindrical
• Protect underlying layers of tissue• May also have cilia, may also secrete and absorb materials
• Transitional– Shape can change (from columnar to flat)
• Allows body parts to stretch or expand or move
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Simple squamous epithelium
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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Simple columnar epithelium
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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Transitional epithelium
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Stratified squamous epithelium
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Stratified cuboidal epithelium• Rare• Found in ducts of some glands (mammary,
sweat, salivary, pancreas)
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Stratified columnar epithelium• Rare• Found only in male urethra and lactiferous
ducts
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Epithelial structure• Little or no space between cells• Cells meet at “junctions”.• Avascular
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Epithelial structure• Held in place by underlying connective tissue• Nutrients supplied by underlying tissue
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Glandular epithelium• Has cells that are specialized to produce and
secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids• gland = 1 or more cuboidal or columnar cell• secretion• salivary glands, sweat glands, endocrine glands
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Exocrine and Endocrine gland• Endocrine – ductless – secrete products
directly into blood.– Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands
• Exocrine – secretions sent into ducts at skin surface or organ.
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Types of ducts
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Exocrine glands classified by function• Holocrine– Cell dies as it secretes; replaced by new cell
• Merocrine– Cell secretes via exocytosis Golgi produced secretory
vesicles• Apocrine– Part of cell pinches off and becomes secretion. Cell repair
itself and repeats
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