CH 3: Neuroscience

Review Game

Please select a Team.

The

firin

g neu

...

The

brain

trus.

..

We

have

pote

nt...

Driv

en b

y ho

rm...

Hig

h on e

ndorp.

..

The

Dendrit

ic ..

.

We

have

huge

b...

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1. The firing neurons

2. The brain trust

3. We have potential

4. Driven by hormones

5. High on endorphins

6. The Dendritic warriors

7. We have huge brains

Which chemicals pass across the synaptic gap and increase the possibility the next neuron in the chain will fire?

Syn

aptic

pep

ti...

Inhi

bitory

neu

...

Adre

nalin

e-ty

p...

Exc

itato

ry n

eu...

Pota

ssiu

m a

nd ..

.

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1. Synaptic peptides

2. Inhibitory neurotransmitters

3. Adrenaline-type exciters

4. Excitatory neurotransmitters

5. Potassium and sodium

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According to the theory of evolution, why might we call some parts of the brain the old brain and some parts the new brain?

Old

bra

in p

art..

.

The

old b

rain

...

The

old b

rain

...

The

new b

rain

...

The

old b

rain

...

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1. Old brain parts are what exist in very young children, and the new brain develops later

2. The old brain developed first according to evolution

3. The old brain becomes more active as we grow older

4. The new brain deals with new information, while the old brain deals with information gathered when we were children

5. The old brain is most affected by age deterioration (dementia) while the new brain remains unaffected

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Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?

Vis

ual c

ortex

...

Vis

ual c

ortex

...

Sen

sory

corte

x...

Vis

ual c

ortex

...

Cer

ebra

l cor

te...

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1. Visual cortex in the frontal lobe

2. Visual cortex in the temporal lobe

3. Sensory cortex in the parietal lobe

4. Visual cortex in the occipital lobe

5. Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe

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You eat some bad sushi and feel that you are slowly losing control over your muscles. The bacteria you ingested from the bad sushi most likely interferes with the use of:

Ser

otonin

Insu

lin

Ace

tylc

holine

Thora

zine

Adre

nalin

e

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1. Serotonin

2. Insulin

3. Acetylcholine

4. Thorazine

5. Adrenaline

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Deafness can result from damage to the inner ear or damage to what area of the brain?

Conne

ctio

ns b

e...

Conne

ctio

ns b

e...

Conne

ctio

n be

t...

Conne

ctio

ns b

e...

Conne

ctio

ns b

e...

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1. Connections between the auditory nerve and the auditory cortex in the frontal lobe

2. Connections between the auditory nerve and the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe

3. Connection between the areas of the sensory cortex that receive messages from the ears and the auditory cortex

4. Connections between the hypothalamus and the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe

5. Connections between the left and right sensory areas of the cerebellum

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Team Scores

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A spinal reflex differs from a normal sensory and motor reaction in that:

A s

pinal

refle

...

In a

spin

al re

...

In a

norm

al s

e...

Spin

al re

flexe

...

Spin

al re

flexe

...

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1. A spinal reflex occurs only in response to extremely stressful stimuli

2. In a spinal reflex, the spine moves the muscles in response as soon as the sensory information reaches the spine while usually the impulse must reach the brain before a response

3. In a normal sensory/motor reaction, the spine transmits the information through afferent nerve fibers, while reflex reactions are transmitted along special efferent nerves

4. Spinal reflexes are part of the central nervous system response, while normal sensory/motor reactions are part of the peripheral nervous system

5. Spinal reflexes occur only in animals because humans are born without instinctual responses

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Antidepressant drugs like Prozac are often used to treat mood disorders. According to what you know about their function, which neurotransmitter system do these types of drugs try to affect?

Ser

otonin

Adre

nalin

e

Ace

tylc

holine

Endor

phin

s

Morp

hine

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1. Serotonin

2. Adrenaline

3. Acetylcholine

4. Endorphins

5. Morphine

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Which sentence most closely describes neural transmission?

An e

lect

ric c

h...

A c

hemic

al c

ha...

The

elec

tric

c...

Neu

rotra

nsmitt

...

Neu

ral t

ransm

i...

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1. An electric charge is created in the neuron, the charge travels down the cell, and chemicals are released that cross the synapse to the next cell

2. A chemical change occurs within the cell, the change causes an electric charge to be produced, and the charge jumps the gap between the nerve cells

3. The electric charge produced chemically inside a group of neurons causes chemical changes in surrounding cells

4. Neurotransmitters produced in the hindbrain are transmitted to the forebrain, causing electric changes in the cerebral cortex

5. Neural transmission is an electrochemical process both inside and outside the cell

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Dr. Dahab, a brain researcher, is investigating the connection between certain environmental stimuli and brain processes. Which types of brain scans is he most likely to use?

MRI a

nd CAT

CAT

and E

KG

PET a

nd EEG

EKG a

nd CAT

Les

ionin

g and ..

.

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1. MRI and CAT

2. CAT and EKG

3. PET and EEG

4. EKG and CAT

5. Lesioning and MRI

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Split-brain patients are unable to:

Coord

inat

e m

ov...

Spea

k ab

out i

n...

Spea

k ab

out i

n...

Solv

e ab

stra

ct...

Spea

k ab

out i

n...

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1. Coordinate movements between their major and minor muscle groups

2. Speak about information received exclusively in their right hemisphere

3. Speak about information received exclusively in their left hemisphere

4. Solve abstract problems involving integrating logical (left-hemisphere) and spatial (right-hemisphere) information

5. Speak about information received exclusively through their left ear, left eye, or left side of their bodies

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Team Scores

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When brain researchers refer to brain plasticity, they are talking about:

The

brain

’s a

b...

The

surfa

ce te

...

The

brain

’s v

e...

Our a

dapta

bili...

New

con

nectio

n...

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1. The brain’s ability to quickly regrow damaged neurons

2. The surface texture and appearance cause by the layer known as the cerebral cortex

3. The brain’s versatility caused by the millions of different neural connections

4. Our adaptability to different problems ranging from survival needs to abstract reasoning

5. New connections forming in the brain to take over for damaged sections

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Mr. Hawthorne is a 39-year old male who has been brought into your neurology clinic by his wife. She has become increasingly alarmed by her husband’s behavior over the last four months. His list of symptoms include: increased appetite, body temperature fluctuations, decreased sexual desire, poor balance when walking and standing and a general lack of coordination. Which two parts of the brain would you predict are being affected by the tumors?

Moto

r corte

x a.

..

Som

ato-s

enso

ry...

Hyp

otha

lam

us a.

..

Cer

ebel

lum

and.

..

Thal

amus

and m

...

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1. Motor cortex and emotion cortex

2. Somato-sensory cortex and hypothalamus

3. Hypothalamus and cerebellum

4. Cerebellum and medulla

5. Thalamus and motor cortex

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In most people, which one of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere that is typically not controlled by the right hemisphere?

Pro

ducing

spee

...

Contro

l of t

he...

Spat

ial r

easo

n...

Hyp

othe

sis

tes.

..

Abst

ract

reas

o...

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1. Producing speech

2. Control of the left hand

3. Spatial reasoning

4. Hypothesis testing

5. Abstract reasoning

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A neuron without terminal buttons would be unable to:

Rec

eive

info

rm...

Gen

erat

e an

ac.

..

Dire

ct th

e sy

n...

Sec

rete

neu

rot..

.

Tra

nspor

t ions

...

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1. Receive information from neighboring neurons

2. Generate an action potential

3. Direct the synthesis of neurotransmitters

4. Secrete neurotransmitters to other neurons

5. Transport ions across the cell membrane

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Scientists are able to see changes in the brain as it processes information by means of:

Les

ionin

g

Auto

psy CT

MRI

PET

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1. Lesioning

2. Autopsy

3. CT

4. MRI

5. PET

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Team Scores

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0 Team 2

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The simplest behaviors we carry on:

Are

lear

ned w

h...

Do n

ot invo

lve.

..

Are

rein

forc

ed...

Incl

ude s

neez

i...

Must

be

proce

s...

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1. Are learned when we are infants

2. Do not involve the central nervous system

3. Are reinforced through conditioning

4. Include sneezing and blinking

5. Must be processed by the medulla

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Of the following, the effect of adrenalin on the body is most similar to the effect of the:

Cer

ebel

lum

Par

athyr

oids

Som

atic

ner

vou.

..

Par

asym

pathet

i...

Sym

pathet

ic n

e...

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1. Cerebellum

2. Parathyroids

3. Somatic nervous system

4. Parasympathetic nervous system

5. Sympathetic nervous system

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Mr. Jenkins’ suffered a stroke as a result of a brain injury. Although he can still move the fingers on his right hand, he has lost sensation in these parts. Of the following, the site of damage to his brain is most likely in the:

Rig

ht fro

ntal .

..

Rig

ht tem

poral..

.

Lef

t fro

ntal l

...

Lef

t par

ieta

l ...

Hyp

otha

lam

us

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1. Right frontal lobe

2. Right temporal lobe

3. Left frontal lobe

4. Left parietal lobe

5. Hypothalamus

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Which of the following glands interact(s) most directly with all of the others to help regulate body processes?

Pitu

itary

Adre

nals

Par

athyr

oids

Thyr

oid

Ova

ries

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1. Pituitary

2. Adrenals

3. Parathyroids

4. Thyroid

5. Ovaries

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Gunshot wounds, tumors, and strokes all result in:

Infe

ctio

ns

Sig

nifica

nt lo...

Les

ions

Pai

n

Nec

essi

ty fo

r ...

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1. Infections

2. Significant loss of function

3. Lesions

4. Pain

5. Necessity for surgery

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Team Scores

400 The brain trust

400 Driven by hormones

400 High on endorphins

400 The Dendritic warriors

400 We have huge brains

300 The firing neurons

300 We have potential

Which includes all of the others?

Auto

nomic

ner

v...

Per

ipher

al n

er...

Som

atic

ner

vou.

..

Par

asym

pathet

i...

Sym

pathet

ic n

e...

0% 0% 0%0%0%

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1. Autonomic nervous system

2. Peripheral nervous system

3. Somatic nervous system

4. Parasympathetic nervous system

5. Sympathetic nervous system

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Which stimulates a muscle to contract?

Adre

nal h

ormon...

Rec

epto

rs

Sen

sory

neu

ron...

Moto

r neu

rons

Inte

rneu

rons

0% 0% 0%0%0%

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1. Adrenal hormones

2. Receptors

3. Sensory neurons

4. Motor neurons

5. Interneurons

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Loss of the ability of the brain to produce adequate levels of dopamine often leads to:

Aphas

ia

Alzh

eim

er’s

di..

.

Par

kins

on’s d

i...

Bip

olar d

isord

...

Am

nesia

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1. Aphasia

2. Alzheimer’s disease

3. Parkinson’s disease

4. Bipolar disorder

5. Amnesia

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The charge of a resting neuron is:

Prim

arily

a n

e...

Prim

arily

a p

o...

Nei

ther

a n

ega.

..

Prim

arily

effe

...

Prim

arily

effe

...

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1. Primarily a negative charge

2. Primarily a positive charge

3. Neither a negative or positive charge

4. Primarily effected by neurotransmitters

5. Primarily effected by hormones

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This is an example of a sympathetic function:

Pro

motin

g yo

ur...

Moni

torin

g the.

..

Pic

king

up a

d...

Pre

parin

g your..

.

Fig

uring

out t.

..

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1. Promoting your sexual development

2. Monitoring the operation of the body’s routing functioning

3. Picking up a dime off the floor

4. Preparing yourself to fight an attacking dog

5. Figuring out the answer to a difficult test question

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Team Scores

900 The brain trust

900 High on endorphins

900 The Dendritic warriors

900 We have huge brains

800 The firing neurons

800 Driven by hormones

600 We have potential