Ch 20: Kingdom Protista
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Transcript of Ch 20: Kingdom Protista
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Ch 20: Kingdom Protista
Very diverse group
Catch all - membership is determined mainly by
exclusion from the other kingdoms
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Eukaryotes
all Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungus
Mostly single celled, some multicelled, some colonial
Classified by the way they obtain nutrition
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Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
Animal LikePlant LikeFungus Like
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Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
Plant Like - AutrotrophsFungus Like - Heterotrophs
–obtain food by external digestion (decomposers or parasites)
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Animal Like Protists
ProtozoansHeterotrophs4 Phyla divided by the way
they move
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Zooflagellates
UnicellularSwim using flagella (1 or 2)Absorb food through cell membranesMost Reproduce asexually (Binary
Fission)
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Zooflagellates
Include several parasites that cause human diseases
Examples: Giardia
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SarcodinesUnicellularMove with Pseudopods
–temporary projections of cytoplasmFood vacuoles, EndocytosisReproduce asexually (BF)
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Sarcodines
Examples:
–Amoeba (A. Dysentery)
–Foraminiferans & Radiolarians (calcium carbonate)
–Heliozoans (silica)
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Amoeba
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CiliatesUnicellularMove & feed with cilia Free living - not parasiticReproduce by conjugation (sexual - pg
500)Most numerous and diverse group
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Ciliates
Example: Paramecium
(Anatomy page 499)
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Paramecium
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Sporozoans
UnicellularDo not move on their ownAll parasiticReproduce by means of sporozites -
sexual and asexual phases (pg 501)
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Sporozoans
Example: Malaria
–Plasmodium vivax
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Plant Like Protists
7major phylas
Unicellular & Multicellular Algae
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Plant Like Protists
Unicellular Algae
4 major phylas
Base of the food chain
(phytoplankton - Algae & Protozoan)
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EuglenophytesPlant like - has chloroplast, AutotrophicAnimal like - has 2 flagella, no cell walls
(pellicle), eye spot (reacts to light), can be heterotrophic in low light
Reproduces by BF
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Euglenophytes
Euglena: page 506
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DinoflagellatesHalf are photosynthetic, half are
heterotrophicHave 2 flagellaReproduce by BFMany are luminescent (fire plants - red tide)
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Chrysophytes
Yellow-green & Golden brown algaeGold colored ChloroplastsCell walls with pectinStore food as oil rather than starch
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Diatoms
Cell walls with siliconFit together like a petri dishRemains of the cell are used in
abrasives (diatomaceous earth)
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Plant Like Protists
Multicellular Algae
3 major phylas
Classified by pigments
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Red Algae
Reddish accessory pigments Can live deeper in the ocean
than most other AlgaeComplex life cyclesExample: Irish Moss
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Brown AlgaeBrown accessory pigmentsLargest, most complex algaeHave some specialized parts (Air
Bladders, Blades, Hold Fasts, Stipes)Example: Giant Kelp
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Green Algae
Phylum ChlorophytaCellulose in cell wallsSome are UnicellularLive in both fresh water and salt water
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Green Algae
Example: –Volvox–Spirogyra (colonial)–Sea lettuce (multicellular)
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Fungus Like Protists
HeterotrophicAbsorb nutrients from dead or decaying
organic matter2 groups
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Slime Molds
Have a 3 stage life cycleShiny wet appearance, texture like gelatinExamples: Red Raspberry & Scrambled
Egg Slime Mold
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Water MoldOomycotaThrive on dead or decaying organic material in waterAre plant parasites on landProduce Hyphae and zoosporangia
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Water Mold
Life Cycle page 519Example:
–Phytophthora infestans
(potato famine)
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Diseases caused by Algae
African Sleeping SicknessGiardiaAmoebic DysenteryMalaria
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Human Uses for Algae
Seaweed, agar, alginThickeners for ice cream & salad
dressingplastics, waxes, deodorant