Kingdom: Protista
description
Transcript of Kingdom: Protista
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Kingdom: Protista
Protists are unicellular organisms that have a nucleus.
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Similar to Bacteria
• Unicellular• One of the first groups of living things on Earth.
(1.5 billion years ago.)• Microscopic• Can cause disease.• Can be parasites
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Difference from Bacteria
• Has a nucleus.
• Live in watery environment.
• Generally live as individual cells.
• Protists vary greatly in appearance and function.
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3 Categories
• I. Animal-like Protists.
• II. Plant-like Protists.
• III. Fungus-like Protists.
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I. Animal-like Protists
• Protozoa means “First Animal”.
• Cells contain a nucleus.
• Cells lack a cell wall.
• They are heterotrophs.
• Most can move on their own.
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4 Groups of Animal-like Protists
• 1. Sarcodines (SAHR-koh-dighnz)
• 2. Ciliates (SIHL-ee-ihts)
• 3. Zooflagellates (zoh-oh-FLAJ- ehl-ihts)
• 4. Sporozoans (spohr-oh-ZOH-uhnz)
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1. Sarcodines
• Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”)• Extensions of the cell membrane and
cytoplasm.• Pseudopods are used for movement and to
capture food.• Many have shells.• These shells form limestone, marble and
chalk.
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Type:
• Most familiar Sarcodine.
• Pseudopods: • Blob shaped.• Contractile
Vacuoles:controls amount of water inside
• Food Vacuole: where food is digested.
(Amoeba)
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Split Personality
• Amebas reproduce by dividing into two new cells (binary fission).
• Amebas can respond to their environment.
• They are sensitive to light and some chemicals.
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2. Ciliates
• Have Cilia on the outside of their cells.
• Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food and as feelers.
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Type:
• Pellicle: tough outer wall.
• Slipper shaped
• Oral groove: like the mouth
• Gullet: holds food.
• Food Vacuole: digests food.
• Anal Pore: removes wastes.
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3. Zooflagellates
• Have a Flagellum: a long whip-like structure used for movement.
• Many live in animals (symbiotic & parasitic)
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4. Sporozoans
• All Sporozans are parasites.
• They feed on cells and body fluids.
• Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells).
• Pass from one host to another.
• Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to humans.
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II. Plant-like Protists
• Unicellular
• Can move
• Autotrophs: make their own food from simple materials using light energy.
• 70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists.
• Most are Flagellates (Phytoflagellates)
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3 Groups of Plant like Protists
• 1. Euglenas (yoo-GLEE-nahz)
• 2. Diatoms (DIGH-ah-tahmz)
• 3. Dinoflagellates (digh-noh-FLAJ-eh-layts)
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1. Euglenas
• Many shapes• Have two flagella• Eyespot: sensitive to
light.• Chloroplasts
(autotrophs)• Pellicle
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2. Diatoms
• 10,000 living species.• Aquatic• Glassy shell• Diatomaceous earth:
course powder that comes from dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish & reflective paint.
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3. Dinoflagellates
• Cell walls are like plates of armor.
• Two flagella• Spins when it moves.• Colorful.• Can glow in the dark.• Causes Red Tide
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III. Fungus-like Protists
• Heterotrophs
• Most have cell walls.
• Many have flagella.
• One type: Slime Molds
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Type:
• Reproduce by Fruiting Bodies:
• The Fruiting Bodies contain Spores.
• At first they look like ameba, then later they look like mold.
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Created by Mrs. Scibelli
Exploring Life Science: Prentice Hall, 1995Encarta