Ch 18.3 New Nations in Africa AFTER WWII, AFRICAN LEADERS THREW OFF COLONIAL RULE AND CREATED...
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Transcript of Ch 18.3 New Nations in Africa AFTER WWII, AFRICAN LEADERS THREW OFF COLONIAL RULE AND CREATED...
Ch 18.3 New Nations in AfricaAFTER WWII, AFRICAN LEADERS THREW OFF COLONIAL RULE AND CREATED INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES.
Negritude MovementA movement for African independence that started before World War II.
French–speaking Africans and West Indians celebrated their heritage of traditional African culture and values.
Ghana [former British colony]1957
Revolutionary Leader: Kwame Nkrumah Nkrumah’s Tactics:
◦ Organized boycotts and strikes
Reforms:◦ Expensive Health, education, & welfare programs◦ Dreamed of “United States of Africa”
Problems he faced:◦ Overthrown by a coup in 1966◦ Political & Economic Instability since then
Kenya [Former British Colony] 1963
Tactics used by the Mau-Mau:◦ Frighten whites & forced them out of the northern highlands◦ Used guerilla tactics
Kenyatta’s Reforms:◦ Tried to unite ethnic & language groups◦ Develop businesses
Resulting Problems: ◦ Civil Unrest under next leader, Daniel arap Moi
Zaire, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Former colony of Belgium Gained independence by: Granted suddenly by Belgium
Mobutu’s rule was: Brutal & Corrupt. Resulting problems:
◦ Depleted resources◦ Extreme Poverty◦ Social Unrest; He was overthrown by Laurent Kabila in
1997. Kabila was assassinated in 2001. His son, Joseph Kabila, took power.
Algeria [Former colony of France] 1962
Gained independence by: ◦ FLN (Algerian Nat’l Liberation Front) fought against France for
their independence.
Ben Bella’s Program◦ Attempted to form a socialist state but was overthrown by a
coup in 1965
Problems:◦ Unsuccessful attempts to industrialize◦ High Unemployment◦ Rise of Fundamentalist Islamists◦ Continuing civil unrest
Current President of AlgeriaAbdelaziz Bouteflika
“Elected” in 2004 after all other candidates dropped out.
Angola [Former colony of Portugal] 1975
Gained independence by: Fought against Portugal Causes of their civil war:
◦ Communist rebel group MPLA declared itself the rightful ruler of independent Angola. They were supported by Cuba & USSR
◦ UNITA rebel group fought against MPLA with support from the USA
Continuing problems:◦ Civil war continued until 2002.