Ch 15 Sec 1 -FDR and the New Deal

Relief, Recovery and Reform

Election Of 1932

•FDR (D) vs. Hoover (R)

Essential Questions:• What did FDR mean when he offered Americans a “New Deal’?

• Why was the election of 1932 a turning point in American politics?

FDR Facts• Born in 1882

• Went to Harvard

• Lawyer

• NY State Senate

• Assistant Sec. of the Navy during WWI

FDR Facts II• Married Eleanor Roosevelt

• Ran for VP in 1920

• Contracted polio in 1921

• Governor of NY 1929-1932

• Willing to experiment with government roles

Eleanor Roosevelt• Niece of TR

• Married FDR in 1905, 6 children

• Social Worker

• Fought for public housing, gov. reform, birth control, and better conditions for women

Election of 1932

*Hoover

-Minimal Gov. Action

-Strict view of Gov.

-Less Gov. the better

Election of 1932•FDR

-Willing to experiment with the role of Gov.

-Supported broadening the role of Gov.

FDR• “Can do” attitude

• Confident and Friendly• Compassionate

• Inaugural Address 1933

• “ …the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

Advisors to FDR• “The Brain Trust”

–Raymond Moley (Columbia)

–Rexford Tugwell (Columbia)

–Felix Frankfurter (Harvard)

FDR’s Cabinet• Sec. of the Interior – Harold L. Ickes

• Sec. of Agriculture – Henry A. Wallace

• Sec. of the Treasury – Henry Morgenthau

• Sec. of Labor- F. Perkins

Essential Questions:• What initial steps did FDR take to reform banking and finance?

• What were some New Deal Programs?

• Who were the critics of FDR’s New Deal?

The Hundred Days• 3/9/33 to 6/16/33

• Congress passed more than 15 pieces of legislation

• Significantly expanded the role of the Federal Gov. in the economy.

Banking Reform• March 5th all banks closed by

FDR

• Emergency Banking Act – Healthy banks to reopen, management of failed banks.

• Increased Gov. regulatory power over money and banking

Banking Reform Part II• First “Fireside Chat” March

1933

• Glass-Steagall Act 1933- Established the FDIC

• Federal Securities Act 1933-

Established the SEC to regulate the stock market

Prohibition Repealed• FDR pushed Congress to allow the sale and manufacture of beer and wine.

• Effort to raise gov. revenues through taxes

• 21st Amend. (End of 1933)

Rural Assistance• The Agricultural Adjustment Act

(AAA)- Gov. paid farmers to limit production.

• $200 million to plow under 10 million acres.

• 6 million pigs slaughtered.• $ for farmers and prices raised

farm prices

Work Projects• CCC – Civilian Conservation

Corp

• Employed 3 million men

• Paid $25 - $30 a month

• Men lived in work camps

• Planted 200 million trees, 800 state parks, and 46,000 bridges

More Work Projects• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

• Provided money to states to create jobs in construction of schools and community buildings.

• Created the (PWA)

Work Projects III• Civilian Works Administration (CWA) established in Nov. 1933

• 4 million jobs

• Built 40,000 schools

• 500,000 miles of road

• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

• 1933 – Federal Agency to construct dams and power plants along the TN river.

*Electricity, Flood Control, Recreation

Recovery in Business• NIRA wanted to promote industrial growth

• NIRA established codes of fair practice for employers, employees, and consumers.

• Nat. Recovery Adm. (NRA)

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

• Set Prices and established standards

• Codes limited production

• Workers could unionize and bargain collectively

NIRA Unconstitutional!!• In 1935 the Supreme Court ruled the NIRA Unconstitutional

• They claimed it gave the Pres. too much power

• Fed. Gov. was involved in state commerce

Recovery In Housing• Home Owners Loan

Corporation (HOLC)- Provided gov. loans to those facing forclosure.

• National Housing Act 1934 – created the Federal Housing Administration to give loans for mortgages and repairs.

Providing Relief• Federal Emergency Relief Adm. (FERA) was funded with $500 million for direct relief.

• Half given to the states for food and clothing

Providing Relief II- FERA

• Helped unemployed, aging, and the ill.

• $ was given to states to support work relief programs.