Ch. 14. Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country Stronger country controls...
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Ch. 14
The Height of Imperialism
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ImperialismSeizure of a country or territory by a stronger country
Stronger country controls political, economic and social life of weaker country
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Reasons for ImperialismRaw materialsNew marketsNational pride◦Empire = national greatness
Religion ◦End evil practices ◦Slave trade
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RacismWhite Europeans believed they were better
Social Darwinism◦Superior people should rule◦Non-Europeans seen as inferior
Duty of Europeans to “civilize,” “Westernize”
White Man’s Burden
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Divided AfricaMid-1800s◦Hundreds of ethnic groups◦1,000s of languages
Europe controls 10%◦Could not travel in-land◦Disease
Africans control own trade networks
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Factors Promoting Imperialism
Technological superiority◦Steam engine and ships◦Railroads◦Telegraph cables◦Machine guns◦QuanineProtected Europeans from malaria
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The Congo Sparks interestKing Leopold II of Belgium◦Claimed wanted end to slave trade Increase Christianity
◦Real goal was rubber 10 million die because of abuse
Other nations alarmed by Belgian control
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The Division of AfricaScramble for territory begins in 1880◦Discovery of diamonds in 1867
◦Gold - 1886
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Berlin Conference14 European countries1884-1885Rules for division of Africa◦Notify others of claim◦Show they could control it
No African rulers invited1914 – only Ethiopia and Liberia independent
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Demand for Raw Materials Shapes Colonies◦Countries think Africans will buy goodsWrong
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◦Main source of wealth is rich mineral resourcesBelgian Congo contains copper and tin
Small compared to diamonds and gold in South Africa
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◦Businesses develop cash-crop plantationsPeanuts, palm oil, cocoa, rubber
Displaces food grown by nativesLeads to starvation