Ch. 14: Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines and Amides
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Transcript of Ch. 14: Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines and Amides
Ch. 14: Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines and Amides
Chem 20 El Camino College Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines Naming
Carboxylic Acids
Name the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group. Use
the suffix oic acid # the chain to give the carboxyl gp the lowest
# Give the location and name of other substituents in alphabetical
order, using numbers, hyphens, and commas between numbers
Un-Numbered 13.3 Name These propanoic acid methanoic acid (formic
acid) ethanoic acid
(acetic acid) 3-methylpentanoic acid Benzoic Acid Benzoic acid is
an important carboxylic acid Carboxylic Acid Properties
Carboxylic acids are extremely polar They have higher boiling pts
than alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes of similar mass propanal, bp
= 49 oC 1-propanol, bp = 97 oC acetic acid, bp = 118 oC Carboxylic
acids with 4 C or less are water soluble Figure 13.1 Un-Numbered
13.5 Esterification Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the
presence of heat and acid (H+) to form esters and water The OH
comes off the carboxylic acid, and the H comes off the alcohol A
new bond forms to make the ester Draw the Ester Product Naming
Esters Name the the part that came from an alcohol (directly
connected to an oxygen) first, use yl Then name the part that came
from a carboxylic acid, use the oate suffix Properties of Esters
The scents of many flowers and fruits are esters Types of Amines
Amines are classified as primary (1o), secondary (2o), or tertiary
(3o) In 1o amines, the N is attached to 1 carbon In 2o amines, the
N is attached to 2 carbons In 3o amines, the N is attached to 3
carbons Naming of Amines Name the carbon attachments in
alphabetical order, use the word amine Use di- and tri- for
identical substituents Properties of Amines Amines tend to be
bad-smelling compounds
Amines are polar, they have relatively high boiling points Small
amines are water soluble. Un-Numbered 13.9 Un-Numbered 13.10
Un-Numbered 13.11 Amide Amides are derivative of carboxylic acids,
in which a nitrogen group replaces the hydroxyl group.Amide is
formed when a salt of carboxylic with ammonia or amine is heated; a
molecule of water is eliminated. Amide can be hydrolyzed back to
carboxylic acid and ammonium salt in acidic solution, or to a salt
of carboxylic acid and ammonia or amine in basic solution.