Ch 13- American Pageant M. Carter. Election of 1824 John Q. Adams- Massachusetts Henry Clay-...
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Transcript of Ch 13- American Pageant M. Carter. Election of 1824 John Q. Adams- Massachusetts Henry Clay-...
PRESIDENCYOF
ANDREW JACKSON
Ch 13- American Pageant
M. Carter
Election of 1824
John Q. Adams- Massachusetts Henry Clay- Kentucky William Crawford- Georgia Andrew Jackson- Tennessee
Most popular votesFailed to win the majority (less than 50%) of
electoral votes
Phase II of the election
Henry Clay removed from ballot as lowest # electoral votes
William Crawford becomes ill Henry Clay = Speaker of the House &
most powerful member (influence) House of Representatives decides the
vote
“Corrupt Bargain” Henry Clay hates Jackson Adams wins the election Adams names Clay Secretary of State Jackson calls foul = a “corrupt bargain”
had been made
The Election of 1824
Election of 1828
John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson
Voting along sectional lines Mudslinging
Jackson won!
“Era of the Common Man” HIGHER voter turnout
Lower property qualifications for voters Inauguration
“King Mob”
“To the victory belong the Spoils” Spoils System
System of patronagePre-existing Jackson took it to a new levelCorruption & scandal
○ Million $ embezzlement
Tariff of Abominations (1828) Protective Tariff South MOST upset
They did not manufacture goods = they now have to pay a high price the goods
Struggling economically South Carolina claimed the law was
unconstitutional and unjust.Null & Void. They will not abide by it.Issue of state’s rights
Nullification Crisis Jackson threatened to invade SC &
hang nullifiersIncluding his OWN Vice President (Calhoun)Sent army & navy
Henry Clay- CompromiseReduction of tariff by 10%, gradually, over
an 8 yr. period Force Bill- Congress authorized the
President to use ANY force necessary to collect the tariff.
Indian Relations
White Americans believed Native Americans should…
Assimilate into white society by “Christianizing” and “civilizing” throughEducationAgriculture
Cherokee
Settled in one particular area Created a system of farming Learned to read and write Attended school Developed an official alphabet Organized the Cherokee National
CouncilLegal code & written Constitution
5 Civilized Tribes
Seminoles
Legal Battle
GA declared Cherokee Tribal Council illegalTook over Indian Affairs & land
Cherokee Nation v. GeorgiaJohn MarshallSC upheld the rights of the Cherokee
JacksonRefused to accept the decision“John Marshall has made his decision; now let
him enforce it.”
Indian Removal Act
Click icon to add picture
Forced removal of 100,000 Indians
Moved to the Indian Territory
“Trail Where They Cried”
Forced march of Cherokees from Georgia to the Indian Territory
2,200 mile land/water route 15,000 began 4,000- 8,000 deaths June – December of 1838 http://www.cherokeemuseum.org/html/collections_tot.html
Fighting Back
Black Hawk WarSauk & FoxBlack Hawk1832
SeminolesAlongside escaped slavesEverglades
Both finally defeated
Bank of the United States Unpopular among Jackson’s supporters Bank of the elite, not the poor Henry Clay
1832Bank charter renewal- 4 yrs earlyMake “the bank” an election issue
Plan failedJackson vetoed- called the Bank
unconstitutional
Election of 1832
Jackson VS Clay Biggest Issue: Bank Clay rec’d campaign contributions as
“life insurance” for the Bank Jackson won- saw this as affirmation
from the people to get rid of the BUS
Bank War
Why General, I never know’d You were a Doctor before
No more I ain’t Major, but I read the “American Family Physician” and I know what kind of a dose to give to clean out a foul Stomach!
What do you say to the application of my patent American System?
I wonder how a few grains of Common Sense washed down with Boston Particulars would do?
Oh! Dear Nick! I am dreadful sick!
D*** Dr. Jackson! This is the effect of his last prescription!
Dr. Your American System won’t do here. Desperate cases require desperate remedies– a few of the leaden pills of Nullification and some blood taken will suffice.
Alas! Alas!No more fees!
Mechanics Bank
Deposits
Manhattan Bank
Bank of AmericaOrder for the
Removal of the Deposits
Veto
“Old Hickory” kills the Bank Future federal deposits went to “pet
banks” $$ in BUS used to pay gov’t bills Removed some deposits
**Guaranteed death of the BUS**
Jackson’s Bank Plan Aggressive Even considered
unnecessary by own cabinet members (replaced)
Bank Panic
Caused by Biddle Called in Bank loans Tried to prove the importance of the
BUS Instead proved Jackson & supporters
rightBUS too powerful- too much influence on
the economy of the US
Types of Banks
Federal $ deposited in state banks = “pet banks” = Pro-Jackson
“wildcat” banks= fly-by night operationsPrinter paper $$Most common in the West
Effects of Bank Crisis
Unreliable currency (wildcat banks) Inflation Specie Circular- “hard currency”-
JacksonStopped speculationPanic of 1837
Satiric Bank Note, 1837 (p.
291)
Whig Party Anti-Jackson Party (King Andrew I) Henry Clay
American System supporters Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun
States’ Righters & Nullification Northerners
Industry & Merchants Institutional Reform True supporters of the “Common Man”
Election of 1836
Democrats- Martin Van Buren (Jackson’s “Yes” man)
Whigs- ran several of America’s “favorite sons”
Whig Strategy
Run several candidates Split the vote Force the election to the House of Reps
(no majority candidate) House controlled by anti-Jacksonites
Failed! Van Buren won b/c of the division
Van Buren- inherited financial problems and exacerbated them by maintaining Jackson’s laissez-faire policy
CAUSES EFFECTS
Land speculation “wildcat” banks Specie Circular Bank War Death of BUS Agricultural problems Financial problems
abroad *”Divorce Bill”
Banks collapse Loss of federal funds Ag. Prices dropped Factories shut down Unemployment Homelessness Loss of customs duties
Lack of import/export
PANIC OF 1837
Election of 1840
Democrat- Martin Van Buren Whig- William Henry Harrison
“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”War Hero No platformLog Cabins and Hard Cider campaign
○ Started by Van Buren○ Intended to hurt Harrison