Imperialism….

how the U.S. acquired territories

Imperialism: the economic and political domination by a strong nation OVER a weaker nation

The Need for More Markets

Productivity created surpluses Export to foreign markets Spurring of US expansionism

Acquisition of new lands Increase American glory and prestige Led to growing involvement in Latin America

and Hawaii and Samoa

Commercial/Business Interests

Commercial/Business Interests

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

American Foreign

Trade:1870-1914

American Foreign

Trade:1870-1914

Commercial Business

Interests

Commercial Business

Interests

2. Military/Strategic Interests

2. Military/Strategic Interests

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

Have a two ocean navyModernize our navy,

from wood to Steel.Acquire possessions in

the Pacific for use as coaling and resupplying stations.

Acquire islands in the Caribbean.

Build a canal in Central America.

Henry Cabot Lodge “Our Blundering Foreign Policy,” (March 1895)

 

“Small states are of the past and have no future. . . . The great nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion and their present defense all the waste places of the earth. It is a movement which makes for civilization and the advancement o the race. As one of the great nations of the world, the United states must not fall out of the line of march.”

Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in

1849 by virtue of

economic treaties.

U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii

U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii

1875 – Reciprocity Treaty

1890 – McKinley Tariff

1893 – Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani.

Sanford Ballard Dole

proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

To The Victor Belongs the Spoils

To The Victor Belongs the Spoils

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Annex: To incorporate into country/state

Annexation of Alaska:

“Seward’s Folly”: 1867

Annexation of Alaska:

“Seward’s Folly”: 1867

$7.2 million$7.2 million

CubaCuba under harsh Spanish ruleSeen as natural expansion for US territoryUS imposed sugar tariff caused economic chaosCuban rebels launched revolution against Spain Caused economy to fall apart Massive destruction of countryside

American concerns rose $50 million invested in sugar industry Exports to US plummeted

Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba

Spanish-American War 1898 USS Maine in Havana Harbor Exploded February 1898 Spanish blamed, although was determined an

accident (YELLOW JOURNALISM: exaggeration of conditions by the U.S. press in order to sell more newspapers)

US troops sent in Battle of San Juan Hill Theodore Roosevelt and Rough Riders First and last major battle

Treaty of ParisCuba gained independence

US acquired Guam and Puerto Rico and purchased Philippines

REMEMBER THE

MAINE!!!

“Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism

“Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst

Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!

Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898

Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.

Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam.

The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines.

The U. S. becomesan imperial power!

Started as Teller Amendment (1898)

Platt Amendment (1903)

1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence.

2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.

3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.

4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.

Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?

Senator Orville Platt

Senator Orville Platt

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905The Roosevelt Corollary to

the Monroe Doctrine: 1905

Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an

international police power .

“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Asserted right of US to act as international police power in Latin America

Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!

Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!

Panama CanalPanama Canal

TR in Panama(Construction begins in

1904)

TR in Panama(Construction begins in

1904)

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty signed with Great Britain gave US exclusive right to build and control any proposed canal through Central America

US assisted with presence-only in Panama’s fight for independence

US recognized Panama as independent nation Signed treaty to build canal

Viewed construction of canal through Central America as vital to American world power

**opened up Asia as efficient trading market… MORE $$$**

Panama Canal:

Efficiency

America as a Pacific Power

America as a Pacific Power

The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907

The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy

Secretary John Hay.

Give all nations equalaccess to trade in China.

Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

TheOpen Door

Policy

TheOpen Door

Policy

William H. Taft’s Policy

“Dollar Diplomacy” Encourage US

businesses to invest in foreign regions

Use dollars—not bullets—to advance US authority and prosperity while promoting worldwide economic stability

Woodrow WilsonUS should champion democracy around globe and help maintain world peace

“Moral Diplomacy”—self-determination Allowed US to meddle

in Latin America and Asia

Understanding ImperialismIndustrial Revolution surplus products export goods foreign trade (expansion of

economic markets)

Cuba—area of expansionism for many US businesses; sought independence from Spain;

Explosion of U.S.S. Maine led to Spanish-American War Cuban independence and US gained Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines thus becoming imperial nation

The End