Ch 11
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Transcript of Ch 11
Diet and Health
Chapter 11
Diet
Health
DietHealth
Diet
health
Degenerative Disease
chronic
mostly irreversible
characterized by degeneration of the organs
• food choices• smoking• physical activity• alcohol use
many contributing factors
Correlation and Causation
• A correlation between a risk factor and a disease does not mean the risk factor causes the disease
Correlation = association
• An act or agent which results in an effect
Causation = produces an effect
Correlation does NOT equal Causation
Risk Factors
Variables
Associated with increased disease risk
Correlational
Not causal
Heart Disease
Atherosclerosis
Characterized by plaque
Complex inflammatory process!
Damage to artery wall
• Smoking• Aging• Hyperlipidemia
Fatty streak
• Body responds• Inflammation • LDL oxidation
Plaque• Smooth muscle• macrophages• Lipoproteins
Atherosclerosis
Non-modifiable CAD Risk FactorsIn
crea
sing
age Age
Mal
e ge
nder Gender
Fam
ily H
isto
ry Genetics
Modifiable CAD Risk FactorsIn
crea
sing
wei
ght Obesity
Toba
cco Smoking
Hig
h bl
ood
pres
sure Hypertension
Abno
rmal
blo
od li
pids dyslipidemia
Insu
lin re
sist
ance Diabetes
Lack
of e
xerc
ise Physical
inactivity
Atherogenic Diet: modifiable risk factor
High in saturated fat
High in trans fat
High in cholesterol
Low in fruits
Low in vegetables
Low in whole grains
Hypertension: High Blood Pressure
Heart pumping blood
Size of the arteries
Volume of fluid in vessels
Image from Sizer Whitney, 2012
Blood Pressure
Normal: 120/80
High: > 130/85
Hypertension Risk Factors
Atherosclerosis
Obesity
Insulin resistance
Age
Genetics
Lower Blood PressureLower sodium intake
Lose weight
Alcohol in moderation
Increase intake of fresh fruit and vegetables
Reduce intake of fat
Increase calcium, potassium and magnesium
Increase physical activity
DASH
Die
tIncrease calcium
Increase potassium
Increase magnesium
Increase Vitamin C
CancerGenetics
Viral infections
Lifestyle choices
Environmental factors
Nutrition
carcinogens cell damage cancer development
Cancer Development
CarcinogensmokeDNA
Damagecells Cells multiplymultiply
Promoterscells Metastasisinvade
Exposed to carcinogens daily
Not all carcinogens cause damage
Anti-oxidants quench free radicals
Body can repair cell damage
Damage not repaired -> cell self-destructs
Diet & Lifestyle to Reduce Cancer Risk
High fruits, vegetables and whole grains
Diets lower in calories (moderation)
Healthy weight: Obesity is associated with some cancers
Increased physical activity - lower risk of colon cancer
Diets low in saturated fat (research is mixed)
Limit red meats/processed meats
Limit alcohol intake
BBQ Browning reaction
Heterocyclic amines Carcinogenic
Meat drippings
Carcinogens (smoke)
Stick to the meat
Image from Wikipedia
Carbohydrate rich food
Cooked at high temps Acrylamide Carcinogenic
Image from Wikipedia
• Impact of food on gene expression
Nutrigenomics
Commander Genes Peer Pressure
Genes
Diet
End
Health
The