INTRODUCTION TOORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR

Bhumija Bhumija ChouhanChouhan

ORGANISATIONORGANISATION

As pointed out by Etzioni, “We are born in organizations, educated by organisation, and most of us spend much of our lives working for organizations.”

We are invaded by organizations from different quarters, large ones, small ones, formal and informal ones, groups that are primarily economic, religious, military governments, educational, social or political.

Various day-to-day works like, what we eat, what we do, where we go, our values, hopes, dreams are products, in part, of organizations. They have become the crucial factors affecting the quality of human life in the contemporary society. The study of organizations, thus, is an important fact of human life.

DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

In the words of Mooney and Reiley “organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common purpose”. In other words, organisation is simply people working together for a common goal.

Weber has defined organisation as corporate group. Accordingly, “A corporate group is a social relation which is either closed, or limits the admission of outsiders by rules, …. its order is enforced by the actions of specific individuals whose regular function this is”.

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Etzioni stresses three characteristics of the organizations:

(i) division of labor.(ii) the presence of one or more power centers

and

(iii) substitution of members. Scott has defined organisation as

“Organisation are defined as collectivities…that have been established for the pursuit of relatively specific objectives on a more or less continuous basis”.

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According to Parsons “Organizations are social units deliberately constructed and reconstructed to seek specific goals”.

According to Barnasel “Organisation is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons.”

Organizations are complex entities that contain a series of elements and are affected by many diverse factors. Thus the organisation may be defined as human group deliberately and consciously created for the attainment of certain goals with rational coordination of closely relevant activities.

Characteristics of Organisation

Identifiable Aggregation of Human Beings.

Deliberate and Conscious Creation Purposive Creation Coordination of Activities Structure Rationality

Types of Organisation

Basis for classification of organisation Compliance Purpose/Function Benefits/Primary beneficiary Objectives Structure Authority Degree of formality First order factor Second order factor

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Structure• Line & Staff organisation• Line organisation• Project organisation• Matrix organisation• Functional organisation

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Benefits/Primary Beneficiary Mutual Benefit Association Service organisation Business organisation Commercial organisation

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Objectives• Political organisation• Religious organisation• Social organisation• Government organisation• Protective organisation• Profit organisation

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Degree of FormalityDegree of Formality• Formal Formal organisation• Informal Informal organisation

First order factor• Productive organisation• Managerial organisation• Maintenance organisation• Adaptive organisation

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Second order factor• Object moulding• People moulding organisation

Importance of Organizations

Facilitates Administration Facilitates Growth and

Diversification Permits Optimum use of

Resources Stimulates Creativity

Organisation Behaviour Organisation behavior is a specialized field of study

concerned with understanding and describing human behavior in an organisation. It is the study of why people as they do in organizations. It is the comprehensive study of behavior of individuals, and groups in organizations, and organizations themselves, as they act and interact to achieve the specified, desired results or objectives.

The term organizational behavior is used to describe the actions and reactions of individuals, dyads, and groups in the system as they interact with each other in the course of their working day.

Definitions

John W. Newstrom and Keith Davis define the term organisational behaviour as, “ the study and application of knowledge about how people as individuals and as groups – act within organisations. It strives to identify ways in which people can act more effectively”.

In the words of Keith Davis, “It is an academic discipline concerned with understanding and describing human behaviour in an organisational environment. It seeks to shed light on the whole complex human factor in organisations by identifying causes and effects of that behaviour.”

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Callahan et al. have defined organisation behavior as a subset of management activities when they state that. “Organizational behavior is a subset of management activities concerned with understanding, predicting and influencing individual behavior in organizational settings.”

Fred Luthans defines organizational behavior as “the understanding, prediction and management of human behavior in organizations.”

Nature and Scope of Organisation Behaviour

A Field of Study and not a Discipline An Applied Science Interdisciplinary Approach Normative and Value Centered Humanistic and Optimistic Oriented Towards Organizational

Objective A Total Systems Approach

Books to be Referred Books to be Referred

1.Behavior in Organizations by: Jerald 1.Behavior in Organizations by: Jerald Greenberg, Robert A. BaronGreenberg, Robert A. Baron

2.Organizational Behavior by: Fred 2.Organizational Behavior by: Fred LuthansLuthans

3. Organization Behavior by: Margie 3. Organization Behavior by: Margie Pareek, Rajen GuptaPareek, Rajen Gupta

4.Organization behavior by: T.V Rao4.Organization behavior by: T.V Rao5. Organization Behavior by: L.M 5. Organization Behavior by: L.M

PrasadPrasad6. Organization Behavior by: G.S Sudha6. Organization Behavior by: G.S Sudha

Cont.Cont.

7. Organization Behavior by: V.S Rao7. Organization Behavior by: V.S Rao8. Organization Behavior by: Anil Mehta, 8. Organization Behavior by: Anil Mehta,

Bhumija ChouhanBhumija Chouhan9. Organizational Behavior by: Stephen 9. Organizational Behavior by: Stephen

Robbins, Timothy. A. Judge, Seema SanghiRobbins, Timothy. A. Judge, Seema Sanghi10. Management of Organiztion behavior: 10. Management of Organiztion behavior:

leading human resource by: Hersei, leading human resource by: Hersei, Blanchard, JohnsonBlanchard, Johnson

11. Organization Behavior by: Robert 11. Organization Behavior by: Robert Kreitner, Arizona StateKreitner, Arizona State