Cellular Anatomy & Physiology Paramecium spp.. I. Cells A. Cell Theory: cells are the fundamental...
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Transcript of Cellular Anatomy & Physiology Paramecium spp.. I. Cells A. Cell Theory: cells are the fundamental...
Cellular Anatomy & Physiology
Paramecium spp.
I. CellsA. Cell Theory: cells are the fundamental
units of life b/c the Cx of life are notpresent below this level of organization.
B. In humans =100 trillion cells; 200 types
C. Vary in size: 2 um - 1 m
I. Cells (cont.)D. Generalized (composite) cell
1. Cell Membrane2. Nucleus3. Cytoplasm4. Organelles
1. Cell (plasma) Membranea. Phospholipid bilayer
(1) hydrophilic heads(2) hydrophobic tails
Red blood cell with phospholipid bilayer
P. 68 Marieb; Pp. 69 Hole’s
2. cytoplasma. fluid portion of cell (cytosol) +
b. suspension of organelles
3. Organellesa. endoplasmic reticulum
(1) highway system of cell(2) plasma membrane
nuclear membrane
Golgi apparatus(3) 2 types
(a) rough(b) smooth
a.ER- 2 types(1) rough = has ribosomes
i.Transports new proteins
Pp. 75 Hole’s;Pp. 85 Marieb
a. ER- 2 types(2) smooth = no ribosomes
i. steroid hormone syn.ii. Cholesterol/lipid syn.iii. detoxifies drugs
b. ribosomes (1) free floating or with ER(2) protein manufacturing(3) made of protein & rRNA(4) 2 subunits (alpha, beta)
c. Golgi apparatus(1) packaging & delivery
d. mitochondria (bilayer)(1) power plant
i. cristae = inner foldsii. adenosine triphosphate (ATP =energy dollars)iii. has own DNA mtDNA)
Pp. 84 Marieb
e. lysosomes
(1) garbage disposal
(2) enzymes packaged by golgiin sac-like vesicles
(3) suicide sacs = autolysis
Cameron Lord, a child with Tay-Sachs disease, a lethal progressivedegeneration of the nervous system
about 6 months old
about 18 months later
www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/
exhibitions/genes/im...
Etiology: autosomal-recessive inherited disorder,
Pathogenesis: lack of lysosomal emzyme hexosaminidase A leads to accumulation of
the glycolipid ganglioside GM2, which destroys nerve cells
Mutation of the HEXA gene (chromosomal locus 15q23-q24)
f. Peroxisomes
-structurally- look like lysosomes-enzymes detoxify hydrogen peroxide,
alcohol, & formaldehyde
g. cilia – microtubules (tubulin)(1) oars of the boat(2) numerous, eyelash-like(3) respiratory/reproductive passages
h. flagella(1) propulsion units(2) few in #(3) whip-like tails(4) microtubules propel ‘em(5) sperm
i. Centrosomes: non-membranous sacwith 2 centrioles (right angle)
(1) 3 x 9 microtubules(2) move chromosomesduring cell division
j. Membrane bound nucleus
a. membrane bilayer= nuclear envelope
b. nuclear pores (protein channels)1. portals = transport (e.g., RNA)
c. information center (DNA)d. chromatin (“thin” DNA)
(1) condenses into chromosomes for mitosis
k. nucleolus(1) protein/RNA bodies in
nucleus
(2) manufacture RNArRNA & tRNA
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