Cells & Living Things
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Transcript of Cells & Living Things
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Cells & Living ThingsWhat are living things made of?
Early idea: all living things are made of air, fire and water
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Now: all living things are made of cells (cell theory)
Cell: the basic, functional unit of life
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Characteristics of Living ThingsAll living things...1.Grow2.Move3.Respond to stimuli4.Reproduce
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Growth
•A result of the cells in your body increasing in number
•New cells will grow to replace old cells that die.
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Movement
•A change in position, shape or location (locomotion)
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Respond to Stimuli
•Stimulus: anything that causes an organism to react.
•Maybe external or internal
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Identify the stimulus & response
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Reproduction
•Producing more of the same kind (offspring)
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The Compound Light Microscope
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PART FUNCTION
Eyepiece
Body tube (barrel)
Coarse adjustment knob
Fine adjustment knob
Objective lenses
Revolving nosepiece
Stage
Iris diaphragm
Light source
Base
Arm
The Compound Light Microscope
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Total Magnification...
power of objective lens
power of eyepiece lens
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Leeuwenhoek Microscope 300X
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Brightfield / Darkfield Microscope 2000X
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Fluorescence Microscope 1500X
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Transmission Electron Microscope 1,000,000X
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Phase- Contrast Microscope 1500X
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Scanning Electron Microscope SEM 200,000X
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Core Lab Activity 10-1ASetting Up and Using a MicroscopePg.384-5
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The Cell Theory states:•The cell is the basic unit of life.
•All living things are made of one or more cells.
•All cells come from other living cells.
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Cell Organelles...Cell membrane: •Found in both plant and animal cells
•Surrounds and protects the contents of the cell
•Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell
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Cytoplasm:•Found in both plant and animal cells
•Jell-like fluid that in which the organelles float
•Helps to move materials like food to different parts of the cell
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Cell wall:•Found only in plant cells•Tough, rigid structure that give plant cells their box-like shape
•Made mostly of cellulose
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Nucleus:•Found in both plant and animal cells
•Large round structure often visible
•Contains the chromosomes•The “control centre” of the cell
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Vacuole:•Balloon-like spaces in the cytoplasm
•Store materials that can not be used right away
•Found in both plant and animal cells (smaller and more numerous in animal cells)
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Mitochondrion:•Oval, bean-like structures•Produces energy by breaking down food particles
•Found in both plant and animal cells
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Chloroplast:•Green structures that contain chlorophyll
•Capture the sun’s energy for photosynthesis
•Found only in plant cells
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PLANT ANIMALCell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell wall Brick shape
Round shape
Nucleus
Vacuole Large & few Small & many
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
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Plant vs. Animal Cells
Vacuole
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Dividing Cells
•Necessary for growth and reproduction
•Will replace cells that are dead or in need of repair
•How does this happen?
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Mitosis
•Occurs in body cells (somatic cells) not in sex cells (egg and sperm cells)
•Bacteria cells reproduce in this matter
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Energy for Cells
•Cells need energy for all life processes.
•Energy is stored in food called glucose (a type of sugar)
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•To release energy cells must carry out cellular respiration. Here the energy is converted to another form of energy.
•Takes place in the mitochondrion.
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•Most energy is released as heat.
•Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration.
•Carbon dioxide and water vapour are waste gases produced. These are removed from the cell.