Cells In Living Things Unit Cell Theory’s 3 Parts All living things are composed of cells .
Cell Structure & Function. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the...
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Transcript of Cell Structure & Function. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the...
Cell TheoryAll living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Definition of CellA cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life functions.
ProkaryoticDo not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer
Surrounding the Cell
Functions of Plasma MembraneFunctions of Plasma Membrane Protective barrierProtective barrier
Regulate transport in & out of Regulate transport in & out of cell cell
Allow cell recognitionAllow cell recognition
Receptor proteins function in cell Receptor proteins function in cell communication communication
Contains the cytoplasm (fluid in Contains the cytoplasm (fluid in cell)cell)
Provide a binding site for Provide a binding site for enzymesenzymes
Structure of the Plasma Membrane
– Found around the cell, the nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
– Embedded with proteins and strengthened with cholesterol molecules.
Nucleus Directs cell activities
Contains genetic material - DNA
• Surrounds nucleus• Made of two layers• Openings allow material to
enter and leave nucleus
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Golgi Bodies
Proof reads proteins & makes minor corrections
Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell
Lysosomes
‘Digests’proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
Hydrolyticenzymes
Vacuoles
Also used for digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape
Cytoplasm
Gel-like mixture -mostly water
Protects & stabilizes organelles
Surrounded by cell membrane
Cells break down food sources i.e. glucose, fats, and protein &release their stored energy.
Produce energy storage molecules called ATP – adenosine triphosphate.
If O2 is present following glycolysis, pyruvate is modified and enters the mitochondria.
Here food is broken down completely into CO2.
Energy storage molecules like NADH and ATP are produced.
Energy carriers like NADH drop off electrons
As the electrons “fall” to oxygen energy is stored in a payload of ATP.
Oxygen picks up electrons and hydrogen ions to form water.
ATP
ATP
ATP
Energy from
electrons
O2
H2O
ATP is constantly being used and remade in the cell.
Energy is released or stored by breaking or making a phosphate bond.
Summary of Cellular Respiration
Respiration
Process
Where Process Occurs
Net Gain of ATP
Per Glucose
Anaerobic Glycolysis & Fermentation
Cytoplasm 2 ATP
Aerobic Krebs Cycle and Electron
Transport
Mitochondrion 36 ATP
Molecules are moved out of the cell by vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
This is how many hormones are secreted.
Active Transport