Cells and HeredityCells and Heredity

Chapter 1Chapter 1

““The Cell”The Cell”

Bell Work 8/22/11Bell Work 8/22/11Please get our your signed syllabus sheetPlease get our your signed syllabus sheet

Please get a green bell work sheet from by Please get a green bell work sheet from by the sinks and begin answering the the sinks and begin answering the following questions in complete following questions in complete sentencessentences

1.1. What is your favorite science topic?What is your favorite science topic?

2.2. What is the best experiment you’ve ever What is the best experiment you’ve ever performed? Explain the experiment and performed? Explain the experiment and the resultsthe results

Card Sorting ActivityCard Sorting Activity

1.1. What are the characteristics of What are the characteristics of living things?living things?

2.2. How do you know something is not How do you know something is not living?living?

Living or Non-Living ActivityLiving or Non-Living Activity

1.1. How did you decide if the item was How did you decide if the item was living or non-living?living or non-living?

2.2. What does it mean to be alive?What does it mean to be alive?

3.3. Did you have difficulties with any of Did you have difficulties with any of the items? If so, which item and the items? If so, which item and what do you need to know in order what do you need to know in order to figure it out?to figure it out?

Bell Work Bell Work 8/23/118/23/11Please answer these questions on your bell Please answer these questions on your bell

work sheet. Please use complete work sheet. Please use complete sentences.sentences.

1.1. Is a cactus alive?Is a cactus alive?

2.2. Is a seed alive?Is a seed alive?

3.3. Is the air we breathe alive?Is the air we breathe alive?

4.4. Explain what you think it means for Explain what you think it means for something to be alive.something to be alive.

Lab SafetyLab Safety

For this lab you will need to…For this lab you will need to…

1. Wear goggles at all times.1. Wear goggles at all times.

2. Stay away from the flame.2. Stay away from the flame.

3. Listen for teacher’s 3. Listen for teacher’s instructions.instructions.

Candle Activity 8/17/10Candle Activity 8/17/10ProcedureProcedure1.1. Carefully light one candle.Carefully light one candle.2.2. Sit quietly and observe the candle.Sit quietly and observe the candle.3.3. Make these observations in the lab Make these observations in the lab

section of your science journalsection of your science journal What does the flame do?What does the flame do? What happens to the wax?What happens to the wax?

4.4. Discuss these questions with your group Discuss these questions with your group and record the answers in your science and record the answers in your science journaljournal

How does the candle seem alive?How does the candle seem alive? How do you know for sure that it is not?How do you know for sure that it is not?

Cells 1.1 VocabCells 1.1 VocabMake a T chart in the Notes part of your Make a T chart in the Notes part of your

science journalscience journal OrganismOrganism (p.9) – Any individual form of life (p.9) – Any individual form of life

that is capable of growing and reproducing. that is capable of growing and reproducing. UnicellularUnicellular (p.11) – An organism that is (p.11) – An organism that is

made up of a single cell.made up of a single cell. Multicellular (p.11) – An organism that is

made up of many (more than one) cells. Microscope (p.12) – An instrument that

makes an object appear larger than it is. Bacteria (p.14) – A large group of one-celled

organisms that sometimes cause disease.

Homework 8/17/10Homework 8/17/10

Make a list of at least 3 living things Make a list of at least 3 living things and 3 non-living things that you find and 3 non-living things that you find in your house.in your house.

List how you know that each item is List how you know that each item is living or non-livingliving or non-living

Class AssignmentClass Assignment

Read pages 9-15 with your partner.Read pages 9-15 with your partner. Write down 3 things that you learned Write down 3 things that you learned

from the reading in the notes section from the reading in the notes section of your journal.of your journal.

Bell Work 8/24/11Bell Work 8/24/11

1.1. Why do you think the Why do you think the invention of the microscope invention of the microscope was important? (pg 12)was important? (pg 12)

2.2. What do scientists mean What do scientists mean when they say that life when they say that life comes from life? (pg 13)comes from life? (pg 13)

Characteristics of Characteristics of LifeLife

1.1. OrganizationOrganization

2.2. The ability to develop and The ability to develop and growgrow

3.3. The ability to respond to the The ability to respond to the environmentenvironment

4.4. The ability to reproduceThe ability to reproduce

The CellThe Cell

All living things are made of cells.All living things are made of cells. The cell is the smallest unit of a The cell is the smallest unit of a

living thing.living thing. The cell is the basic unit of function The cell is the basic unit of function

in an organism.in an organism.

What activities that plants and animals What activities that plants and animals do are carried out by cells?do are carried out by cells?

The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory

1.1. Every living thing is made of one or Every living thing is made of one or more cells.more cells.

2.2. Cells carry out the functions needed Cells carry out the functions needed to support life.to support life.

3.3. Cells come only from other living Cells come only from other living cells.cells.

Peach LabPeach Lab

P. 15 Louis Pasteur’s experimentP. 15 Louis Pasteur’s experiment Bacteria and Spontaneous Bacteria and Spontaneous

GenerationGeneration Explain peach labExplain peach lab Explain Lab Write Up procedureExplain Lab Write Up procedure

Bell Work 8/25/11Bell Work 8/25/11Read pg 14-15 then answer the Read pg 14-15 then answer the

following:following:

1.1. What are two characteristics of a What are two characteristics of a scientific theory?scientific theory?

2.2. Explain how Pasteur’s experiment Explain how Pasteur’s experiment supported the cell theory and supported the cell theory and failed to support the theory of failed to support the theory of spontaneous generation.spontaneous generation.

Bell Work 8/26/11Bell Work 8/26/11

Explain the characteristics Explain the characteristics that confirm that an Oak that confirm that an Oak Tree is living.Tree is living.

(hint: look back at the characteristics of life and (hint: look back at the characteristics of life and explain how an Oak Tree has each of those explain how an Oak Tree has each of those characteristics)characteristics)

Bell Work 8/20/10Bell Work 8/20/10Fill in the blanks (you only have to write the answer)Fill in the blanks (you only have to write the answer)

1.1. ____ confirmed the cell theory by proving that ____ confirmed the cell theory by proving that the theory of spontaneous generation was the theory of spontaneous generation was wrong.wrong.

2.2. When an organism is made up of only one cell, it When an organism is made up of only one cell, it is called a(n) _____ organism.is called a(n) _____ organism.

3.3. Hooke used a(n) ______ to observe cells from the Hooke used a(n) ______ to observe cells from the bark of an oak tree.bark of an oak tree.

4.4. An individual living thing that carries out the An individual living thing that carries out the activities of life is called a(n) _____activities of life is called a(n) _____

5.5. The smallest unit that is able to perform the The smallest unit that is able to perform the basic activities of life is a(n) ______.basic activities of life is a(n) ______.

6.6. A frog is a(n) _____ organism.A frog is a(n) _____ organism.

Bell Work 8/23/10Bell Work 8/23/10

Please write complete sentences.Please write complete sentences.

1.1. What is the role of the cell What is the role of the cell membrane?membrane?

2.2. Give 3 examples of Give 3 examples of multicellular organisms.multicellular organisms.

Vocab 1.2Vocab 1.2

Cell membrane – a protective covering Cell membrane – a protective covering enclosing an entire cell. enclosing an entire cell. A layer that controls what enters or leaves A layer that controls what enters or leaves

the cell.the cell. Cytoplasm – A thick, gelatin-like Cytoplasm – A thick, gelatin-like

material contained within the cell material contained within the cell membrane. membrane. Most of the work of the cell is carried out Most of the work of the cell is carried out

here.here.

Organelle – A structure in a cell that is Organelle – A structure in a cell that is enclosed by a membrane and that enclosed by a membrane and that performs a particular function.performs a particular function.

Nucleus – The structure in a eukaryotic Nucleus – The structure in a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material cell that contains the genetic material a cell needs to reproduce and function.a cell needs to reproduce and function.

Mitochondria – Organelles that release Mitochondria – Organelles that release energy by using oxygen to break down energy by using oxygen to break down sugars. sugars.

Endoplasmic reticulum – begins the Endoplasmic reticulum – begins the process of manufacturing proteinsprocess of manufacturing proteins

Golgi apparatus – finishes the Golgi apparatus – finishes the process of manufacturing proteins process of manufacturing proteins

ribosomes – manufacture or build proteins

Cell wall – Only plant cells have Cell wall – Only plant cells have these. A tough outer covering that these. A tough outer covering that lies outside the cell membrane.lies outside the cell membrane.

Chloroplast – An organelle in a plant Chloroplast – An organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a cell that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that uses the energy from chemical that uses the energy from sunlight to make sugar. sunlight to make sugar.

Central Vacuole – stores waste and Central Vacuole – stores waste and water in a plant cellwater in a plant cell

Eukaryotic cell – a cell in which the Eukaryotic cell – a cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane. (most multicellular membrane. (most multicellular organisms)organisms)

Prokaryotic cell – A cell without a nucleus Prokaryotic cell – A cell without a nucleus and without organelles. Genetic material and without organelles. Genetic material is in the cytoplasm. (most unicellular is in the cytoplasm. (most unicellular organisms)organisms)

Bell Work 8/24/10Bell Work 8/24/10Match the definition to the correct term. Match the definition to the correct term.

Please Please write the term and the definitionwrite the term and the definition on your bell work sheet. When finished on your bell work sheet. When finished please begin working on your cell please begin working on your cell coloring sheet.coloring sheet.

1.1. A cell with no nucleusA cell with no nucleus2.2. A cell with a cell wall and a nucleusA cell with a cell wall and a nucleus3.3. A device for viewing microorganismsA device for viewing microorganisms

a. eukaryotica. eukaryoticb. prokaryoticb. prokaryoticc. microscopec. microscoped. telescoped. telescopee. plant celle. plant cell

Bell Work 8/25/10Bell Work 8/25/10 Please have out your cell coloring Please have out your cell coloring

sheetsheet

While working on the bell work please While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (observe the peaches (no more than 3no more than 3 people at a peach)people at a peach)

Bell work questionBell work question – list three – list three structures found in plant cells that are structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells. Tell why each is not in animal cells. Tell why each is not necessary in animal cellsnot necessary in animal cells

Section 1.3 NotesSection 1.3 Notes

Organisms are classified by their cell Organisms are classified by their cell typetype

Most of the organisms alive on Earth Most of the organisms alive on Earth today are made of single cellstoday are made of single cells

3 domains for living things that are based 3 domains for living things that are based on characteristics of their cells.on characteristics of their cells. Archea – organisms that can live in extreme Archea – organisms that can live in extreme

environmentsenvironments Bacteria – can also live in extreme Bacteria – can also live in extreme

environments and can multiply quicklyenvironments and can multiply quickly Eukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungiEukarya – includes plants, animals, and fungi

ProkaryotesProkaryotes unicellular organisms with prokaryotic cellsunicellular organisms with prokaryotic cells Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no Cytoplasm contain ribosomes but no

organellesorganelles Structure is simpleStructure is simple Have a tough cell wall that protects the Have a tough cell wall that protects the

organismorganism EukaryotesEukaryotes

Cells with a nucleusCells with a nucleus Includes almost all multi-cellular organismsIncludes almost all multi-cellular organisms Also includes unicellular organisms called Also includes unicellular organisms called

protistsprotists Cells are complex in structure and larger Cells are complex in structure and larger

than the cells of prokaryotesthan the cells of prokaryotes

Cells in multicellular organisms specializeCells in multicellular organisms specialize

SpecializationSpecialization – Specific cells that – Specific cells that perform specific functions.perform specific functions.

Different types of cells have different Different types of cells have different jobsjobs Example – most animals have blood Example – most animals have blood

cells, nerve cells, and muscle cellscells, nerve cells, and muscle cells Example – plants have cells that Example – plants have cells that

function in photosynthesis, cells that function in photosynthesis, cells that draw water from soil, and cells that draw water from soil, and cells that function to support the plant’s weight.function to support the plant’s weight.

Tissue – group of similar cells that are – group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific joborganized to do a specific job Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and Ex. skin tissue – provides protection and

support for a humansupport for a human Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and Ex. Leaf tissue – provide protection and

support for a plantsupport for a plant OrganOrgan – a structure in an organism – a structure in an organism

that is made up of different tissues that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a working together to perform a particular function. particular function. Ex. Eye – allows sightEx. Eye – allows sight Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy Ex. Leaf – provides a plant with energy

and materialsand materials

5 levels of organization5 levels of organizationLevelLevel NameName Animal Animal

ExampleExamplePlant ExamplePlant Example

11

22

33

44

55

Bell Work 8/26/10Bell Work 8/26/10 Good Morning – Please do not touch Good Morning – Please do not touch

any of the lab equipment!any of the lab equipment!

While working on the bell work While working on the bell work please observe the peaches (please observe the peaches (no no more than 3more than 3 people at a peach) people at a peach)

Bell work questionBell work question – Complete the – Complete the Venn diagram from your notes Venn diagram from your notes yesterday. On your bell work sheet yesterday. On your bell work sheet write “in notes” for todaywrite “in notes” for today

Bell Work 8/26/10Bell Work 8/26/10 While working on the bell work While working on the bell work

please observe the peaches (please observe the peaches (no no more than 3more than 3 people at a peach) people at a peach)

Bell work questionBell work question – List the five – List the five levels of organization and give an levels of organization and give an example for each for a monkeyexample for each for a monkey

Bell Work 8/27/10Bell Work 8/27/10 While working on the bell work While working on the bell work

please observe the peaches (please observe the peaches (no no more than 3more than 3 people at a peach) people at a peach)

Bell work question Bell work question (answer in (answer in at least 2 complete sentences)at least 2 complete sentences) – – How is a model similar to the real How is a model similar to the real object it represents? How is it object it represents? How is it different? different?

(see pg 32 if you are having difficulties)(see pg 32 if you are having difficulties)

Bell Work 8/30/10Bell Work 8/30/10 Good morning, please get a new pink Good morning, please get a new pink

bell work sheet from the counter with bell work sheet from the counter with the sinks.the sinks.

List the function of each of the List the function of each of the followingfollowing

1. Cell membrane2. Mitochondria3. Nucleus4. Chloroplast

Bell Work 9/1/10Bell Work 9/1/10write the sentences and fill in the write the sentences and fill in the

blanksblanks

1.1. The smallest unit that can perform the The smallest unit that can perform the basic activities of life is _______basic activities of life is _______

2.2. Van Leeuwenhoek was one of the first Van Leeuwenhoek was one of the first people to see live cells by using a ______people to see live cells by using a ______

3.3. A plant cell organelle that uses energy A plant cell organelle that uses energy from sunlight to make sugar is called a from sunlight to make sugar is called a ________________

4.4. Almost all multicellular organisms on Almost all multicellular organisms on Earth belong to the domain ________Earth belong to the domain ________

Bell Work 9/2/10Bell Work 9/2/10

1.1. A tree has different parts, such as A tree has different parts, such as leaves and roots, that have specific leaves and roots, that have specific functions. What does that tell you functions. What does that tell you about its cells?about its cells?

2.2. Not all cells in a tree contain Not all cells in a tree contain chloroplasts, but the cells in the chloroplasts, but the cells in the leaves do. Why is this?leaves do. Why is this?

Bell Work 9/3/10Bell Work 9/3/10

List the 3 parts List the 3 parts of the cell of the cell theorytheory