Cells. All living things are made up of cells Cells are the building blocks of life Organization...
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Transcript of Cells. All living things are made up of cells Cells are the building blocks of life Organization...
Cells
Cells
All living things are made up of cells
Cells are the building blocks of life Organization
Organ SystemsOrgansTissuesCells
Tissues are made of Cells
What are Cells?Cells have organs called Organelles
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Parts found in ALL cells
• Cell membrane– Cell boundary protecting the inside of the cell from the outside – protective covering that encloses the entire cell– Any material coming in or out must pass through the cell
membrane
• Cytoplasm– Gelatin like material contained inside the cell membrane– Most of the work of the cell is carried out in cytoplasm
Organelles
Organelles do all the work cells need to do such as:
Make ProteinTurn food into EnergyGet rid of waste
All organelles have a function.
Like your body's organs have functions, so do the organelles with cells.
Kidneys&
Intestines
Lysosomes&
Peroxysomes
Do Cells Have A Brain?
What does the Brain do?
Cells have genetic material like DNA & RNAThese genes act like a computer that control all of an organisms functions
Eukaryotic Cells
• Animal and plants, including people are made of eukaryotic cells.
• This means that the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane
• Together, the genetic material and the membrane make up an • organelle called a Nucleus
Genetic Material
Membrane
Nucleus
Eukaryotic cell
• Genetic material located in nucleus– Nucleus enclosed by its own membrane
• Organelles– Any cell part enclosed by a membrane
• Most multi-cellular organisms are Euraryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells do not have a nucleus.
The genetic material floats around in the cytoplasm.
Most Prokaryotes are single bacteria
Flagella are how prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells move. However, they are differences between the two.
Flagella
Prokaryotic Cell
• No separate compartment for genetic material– Genetic material is in cytoplasm
• No organelles
• Most unicellular organisms are Prokaryotic
Do all cells look the same?
We learned earlier that specific organs are designed to do a specific job.
Therefore, they are made of specific types of cells and are shape in a specific way.
Hmmm?
In any organism, different cells do different jobs.
Some bone cells are star shaped
Muscle cells have toBe able to stretch
Nerve cells can be long so they can carry information around the body.
This bacteria has small hair-like flagella to help it move
Red blood cells are shaped like tiny bowls
CellWall
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that maintains the shape
Organelles• Ribosomes:
– tiny structures located in the cytoplasm and ER; use information to build proteins
• Chloroplast:– plant cell organelle that gets energy from
sunlight to make sugar
• Mitochondria: – use oxygen to get energy from processing food;
all eukaryotic cells
• Endoplasmic reticulum – (ER): system of twisting and winding membranes;
manufactures parts of cell membrane
• Vesicles: – formed from ER; transport processed materials
to the Golgi apparatus
• Golgi apparatus: – folded membranes that look like a stack of
pancakes; finishes processing materials
• Vacuoles: – enclosed by a membrane; sac holding water in
plant cells
• Lysosomes: – vesicles containing chemicals that break down
materials taken into the animal cell
Organelles