Cell TheoryCell Theory• Cell TheoryCell Theory

1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and

function in living things…3. Cells arise from other cells

• How did scientists come up with this?How did scientists come up with this?– Invention & Discovery

• Lead to development of technology– Microscopes (1600s-Hooke, 1700s- van Leeuwenhoek)

• Use technology to further understand world

General Microscope Info

•Light microscope (LM)Light microscope (LM)•Transmission microscope (TEM)Transmission microscope (TEM)

– Stained with ionsStained with ions

•Scanning microscope (SEM)Scanning microscope (SEM)– 3D images3D images

Cell SizeCell Size• How many How many cell do you think are in cell do you think are in

your body? your body? – 100 trillion (100 trillion (100,000,000,000,000100,000,000,000,000 )

• Why are there so many small cells Why are there so many small cells instead of fewer larger ones?instead of fewer larger ones?– Surface Area!Surface Area!

•Smaller cells can move easier and quicker Smaller cells can move easier and quicker to meet other cell needsto meet other cell needs

•Have high surface area to volume ratioHave high surface area to volume ratio

Label the PartsLabel the Parts1 2

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Cell TheoryCell Theory• Cell TheoryCell Theory

1.All living things are made up of cells

2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things…

3.Cells arise from other cells

General Microscope Info

•Light microscope (LM)Light microscope (LM)•Transmission microscope (TEM)Transmission microscope (TEM)

– Stained with ionsStained with ions

•Scanning microscope (SEM)Scanning microscope (SEM)– 3D images3D images

Common Features of CellsCommon Features of Cells

– Plasma membrane Plasma membrane • Defines boundary & regulates traffic of chemicalsDefines boundary & regulates traffic of chemicals

– RibosomesRibosomes• Where proteins are madeWhere proteins are made

– CytoskeletonCytoskeleton• Microscopic fibersMicroscopic fibers

– CytoplasmCytoplasm• Entire region between nucleus and plasma Entire region between nucleus and plasma

membranemembrane• Consists of various organelles suspended in fluidConsists of various organelles suspended in fluid

Plasma MembranePlasma Membrane• Regulates the traffic

of chemicals into and out of the cell as well as provides support

• Very thin but SUPER Very thin but SUPER important!important!

• Maintains a specific chemical environment

• Phospholipid Bilayer

Phospholipid BilayerP NP

Phospholipid BilayerP NP

What is a What is a Phospholipid?Phospholipid?

• A Lipid molecule that has a–Hydrophilic Head Hydrophilic Head

(LOVES water)

–Hydrophobic Tail Hydrophobic Tail

(afraid of water)

Line up side by side to make cell Line up side by side to make cell membranemembrane

Embedded Proteins in Bilayer

Transport across the membrane?..... COMING SOON

2 Basic Cell TypesProkaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells: :

Do not have a nucleus or most Do not have a nucleus or most organellesorganelles

Domains: Archaea and BacteriaDomains: Archaea and Bacteria

Basic Cell Types - Eukaryotic

Do Now: Answer these in your notebooksAnswer these in your notebooks

1.1.What is the difference between What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cellscells

2.2.What is the difference between What is the difference between animal cells and plant cells?animal cells and plant cells?

3.3.What kind of organisms have What kind of organisms have prokaryotic cellsprokaryotic cells

4.4.What kind of organisms have What kind of organisms have eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cells

1.Cell Membrane

• Common to all cells• Selective permeabilitySelective permeability -

regulates what enters and leaves

• Made of lipid bilayerlipid bilayer• Various molecules are Various molecules are

attached to itattached to it

2. Cell Wall- found in plantsplants- surrounds the cell membrane- protects and protects and supports the cellsupports the cell- allows substances to pass through easily

3.Nucleus• Contains chromosomesContains chromosomes

((DNA)

4.Ribosom4.Ribosomeses•Construct proteins from the Construct proteins from the

instructions of DNA.instructions of DNA.

5.Cytoplasm5.CytoplasmEverything in between Everything in between

the cell membrane the cell membrane and the nuclear and the nuclear membrane.membrane.

Includes:- Organelles

(in eukaryotic cells)

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

Network of channels that transports materials through the inside of the cell

• Smooth ERSmooth ER: does not have ribosomes attached

Makes lipids!!• Rough ER:Rough ER: has ribosomes attached; where protein synthesis occurs

7.Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)

Modifies, collects, packages Modifies, collects, packages and distributes proteins to and distributes proteins to their destinationstheir destinations. .

Arranged Arranged in a series in a series of of flattened flattened stacks.stacks.

8. Vacuoles8. Vacuoles• Storage structure- Storage structure-

stores waterstores water

• Large in plants - Large in plants - supports leaves supports leaves and flowersand flowers

• Central Vacuole Central Vacuole ONLY IN PLANTONLY IN PLANT

9.Contractile 9.Contractile VacuoleVacuole

• Expels excess waterwater that comes into a cell.

• In some single celled freshwater organisms.

10. LysosomesContain chemicals and enzymes for digesting digesting materialsmaterials in the cell

11. 11. ChloroplastChloroplast• Found in plant cells. plant cells.

• Structure:• 2 outer membranes

enclosing a fluid filled space

• Disks which trap energy from sunlight.

12. 12. MitochondriaMitochondria• Produces ATP – energy for cellsATP – energy for cells

• Structure: 2 membranes• Inner membrane – cell respiration occurs• Outer membrane

Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast

Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast

Label the Parts of Label the Parts of the Cell!the Cell!

Animal and Plant cell Animal and Plant cell labeling and labeling and color coding!color coding!