Cell Structures Or: how organelles work together to carry out life functions.
Cell Structures and Functions Unit 5 – Chapter 4.
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Transcript of Cell Structures and Functions Unit 5 – Chapter 4.
The Cell Theory
Devised by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow.
1. _______________________________ _____________.
2. _______________________________ _____________________.
3. _______________________________ _____________________..
The World of Cells
Cell – basic building block of life.______________– (1665) – observed
the dead cells of cork. He likened them to cells in a prison….thus coining the name “cell”.
_______________ – nutrition, digestion, excretion, secretion, absorption, biosynthesis, respiration, response, reproduction.
2 Types of Cell Organization
1. ______________:- Exs.) Bacteria and Cyanobacteria
ONLY- smaller and less complex than
eukaryotes- Do not have membranes enclosing
cell parts, therefore NO DISTINCT NUCLEUS
- DNA (genetic material) is on a circular loop in center of cell
2. _________________:- includes all cells other than bacteria
and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes)- Larger and more complex than
prokaryotes- Have cell parts that are enclosed in
membranes- HAVE A DISTINCT NUCLEUS THAT
HOUSES THE DNA
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
1. _____________ Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts:
1. _______________: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
2. _______________: controls traffic in/out of nucleus
3. _______________: all substances INSIDE the nucleus
4. _______________: unraveled chromosomes = DNA
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
2. _____________
Function: site where _______________ _________________
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
3. _____________________(ER) Nickname: “Highway system” Function: Provides a route for cell
products to move throughout the cell
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types:
1. _____________: Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes attached Function: helps make proteins, that’s
why it has ribosomes
2. _____________: NO ribosomes attached Function: makes fats or lipids
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
4. _______________ Nickname: “Shipping department” Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
5. _____________: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)
Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: _________________________
____________________ into particles the the cell can use, and to destroy old and diseased cells
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
6. __________________ Nickname: “The Energy Factory” Function: ______________________
_____________________________________ _____________________________ ATP: is the major fuel for all cell
activities that require energy
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
A Few Additional Cell Organelles
___________ – in animal cells, this is a food storage sac.
____________ – all substances OUTSIDE the nucleus.
____________– controls traffic in/out of the entire cell.
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
7. _______________ Function: stores water, sugars,
waste products This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Eukaryotic Plant Cell Organelles and Function
8. ______________ Function: traps energy from the sun
to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of
chlorophyll, which is the green pigment that captures the sunlight
2 Other Types of Plastids
________________ – many different colors such as those found in fruit and flowers.
________________ – cloudy white or clear…they store starch such as in potatoes, rice, squash.
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Eukaryotic Plant Cell Organelles and Function
9. ____________ Function: _______________________
______________ to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in
plant cells Allows the plant cell to hold high
water pressures…this keeps the plant from wilting
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
How Do Some Organisms Build from the Cell?? (Also known as the levels of organization in living things)……..see below……
1. Cell – basic unit ↓2. Tissue – group of CELLS that work to do the
same job such as Nervous tissue ↓3. Organ – group of TISSUES that work to do the
same job such as the heart. ↓ 4. System – group of ORGANS that work
together to do the same job such as the digestive system ↓
5. Complete Organism – group of SYSTEMS that work together to do one job