Cell Structures, Functions and Transport. COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the smallest unit that is...
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Transcript of Cell Structures, Functions and Transport. COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the smallest unit that is...
Prokaryotic Cells(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells without membrane-bound structures
EX: bacteria pond scum
Eukaryotic Cells(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells with membrane-bound structures
EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
1. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: 1. Holds the DNA2. Directs all cell activities 3. Contains instructions for everything the cell does
Parts:Nucleolus: 1. dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps
make ribosomesNuclear Membrane:1. separates nucleus from cytoplasm 2. controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus
Cell Membrane
Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells
For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall
Function: Protects the cell, and allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
2. Ribosomes Function: makes
proteins Found in all cells,
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus
Ribosomes
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system
of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types:
1. Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s
why it has ribosomes
2. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Golgi bodies
4. Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)
The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body.“ Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: digest things; digest food or
break down the cell when it dies. Break down food molecules, cell wastes &
worn out cell parts
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
6. Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy production
Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell
activities that require energy
Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Centrioles
Centrioles: cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules.
Function: found in animal cells and play a role in cell division.
Vacuoles
7. Vacuoles Function: stores water
This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
8. Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun
to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of
chlorophyll, which is a green pigment
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
9. Cell Wall Function: provides support and
protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in
plant cells Is made of cellulose Found in plants, algae, fungi, and
most bacteria.
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm