Cell Structure Study Guide

Plant & Animal Cell Organelle Labeling

Cell TheoryI. Cells are the building blocks of all living

things– can be single-celled (called protozoa)– can be multi-celled, where they have a specific

function

II. All life processes take place in cells– Energy production– Growth & reproduction

III. New cells are produced from existing ones– Cells divide into 2, then into 2 more…

=exponential growth

Parts of a Cell

• Organelles = structures that perform specific functions in cells

• Cytoplasm = clear fluid surrounding organelles

• Differences between Plant & Animal Cells:– Cell wall (plants)– Large single vacuole (plants)– Chloroplasts (plants)

Plant Cell

VacuoleStores nutrients and waste

MitochondriaCreates energy

Golgi apparatusFedEx: Transport System

Smooth ER*

Rough ER*ChloroplastMake sugars for food

Cell wallNucleus

Control Center

Cell MembraneControls what substances enter & leave cell

Nuclear membranecontrols what enters and leaves the nucleus

RibosomesMake Proteins

Nucleolusregulates all cell activity by controlling the

enzymes present.

DNAProvides cell instructions for

reproduction

CytoplasmClear fluid

MicrotubulesStructural basis of the cells, used in mitosis

*ER : produces proteins and lipids for the cell's organelles

Rough contains Ribosomes

Nuclear pore

Animal CellChromosomes

Contain DNA

CytoplasmClear fluid

MicrotubulesStructural basis of the cells, used in mitosis

Nucleus Pore

VacuolesStores nutrients and waste

Cell MembraneControls what substances

enter & leave cell

MitochondriaCreates energy

Smooth ER*RibosomesMake Proteins

Rough ER*

Golgi apparatusFedEx: Transport System

Nucleolusregulates all cell activity by controlling the enzymes present.

NucleusControl Center

Nuclear membranecontrols what enters and leaves the nucleus

CentriolePull apart chromosoes during mitosis

*ER : produces proteins and lipids for the cell's organellesRough contains Ribosomes

Cell Family Tree

Cells

Prokaryote

Bacteria

Eukaryote

Protozoa

Plant

Animal

Eukaryote

have a nucleus (protists, fungi, plants, and animals)

Prokaryotelack a nucleus (most bacteria)

Multicellular Organisms:5 Structural Levels of Organization

Cell

building block of life

Perform a specific function

Tissue

Organ SystemOrgan

Perform a specific job – made of at least 2 types of tissue

Organism

Complete living thing that relies on cells for life functions

Muscle Cell

Nerve Cell

Blood Cells

Specialized Cells