Cell Organelles and Functions. Nucleus Structure –Contains Chromatin (DNA) Nucleolus –Surrounded...
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Transcript of Cell Organelles and Functions. Nucleus Structure –Contains Chromatin (DNA) Nucleolus –Surrounded...
Cell Organelles and Functions
Nucleus• Structure
– Contains • Chromatin (DNA)• Nucleolus
– Surrounded by• Nuclear Envelope (w/ pores)
• Function: The Information Center of the Cell
The Nucleus
Chromatin• Structure:
– A thread-like mass of DNA and Protein – Chromatin becomes Chromosome during cell
reproduction
• Function: – contains information for building proteins
(enzymes, channels, cell structural components)
Chromatin
Nucleolus
• Structure: Spherical mass of DNA and RNA
• Functions: Making ribosomes
Nuclear Envelope• Structure: Lipid bilayer that surrounds
the nucleus• Function: Controls what goes in and out
of nucleus; protects DNA
Nuclear Pores• Structure: Protein channels found in the
nuclear envelope• Function: Allows information to go to the
cytoplasm
Ribosomes• Structure: Tiny proteins/RNA • Function: assemble amino acids into
protein strands
Endoplasmic Reticulum• Structure: Membrane network • Function: transport substances
throughout the cell.– Rough
• Ribosomes attached • Transports proteins
– Smooth• No ribosomes attached• Transports fats, etc
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Rough
Golgi Body• Structure: Flattened disks of membrane• Function: involved with packaging cell
products for export. Can create vesicles
Vesicles (Vacuoles)• Structure: Membrane bound spheres
created by Golgi, ER or Cell Membrane• Function: Store water/wastes/food; some
are involved in delivering things in and out of the cell
Lysosome• Structure: a special type of vesicle• Function: attaches to other organelles
and injects them with digestive enzymes.
Plasma “Cell” MembraneStructure: • Made of phospholipids which are special
fats that have a charge• Also has proteins that act as channels and
binders
Function: • Separates cell contents from the outside• Directs movement of things in and out.
Plasma Membrane
Cytoskeleton (Microtubules)
• Structure: Thin rods and tubes of protein• Function: Serve for internal support and
transport
Cytoplasm
• Structure: An aqueous mixture (called cytosol) that contains everything between the nucleus and membrane
• Function: Most things happen there
Centrosome
• Structure: in animal cells, a paired bundle of protein filaments called CENTRIOLES. Plants don’t have anything at the centrosome.
• Function: directs the growth of cytoskeleton, especially during cell reproduction.
centriole
Mitochondria
Structure: • Bean shaped organelle (has a double
membrane – all the way)
Function: • Site of cellular respiration (process of
getting energy from food)– C6H 12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP)
Mitochondria
Plant Cell Parts
• Cell Wall• Chloroplast• Central Vacuole
Cell Wall
• Structure: Protective outer layer made of cellulose primarily
• Function: provides structural support for plants.
Chloroplast
• Membrane bound organelle which contains the green pigment Chlorophyll, which can convert sunlight into chemical energy.
• Site of Photosynthesis in plants
Central VacuoleStructure: • Large vesicle that takes up much of the
area of the plant cell.
Function: • Digestion occurs here and waste excretion• Provides “turgor pressure” for the cell,
allowing it to stay stiff, not wilted.
The Animal Cell