CCD Observations and Preliminary Analysis of the “End-of-the-Line” W UMa Eclipsing Binary V523...
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CCD Observations and CCD Observations and Preliminary Analysis of thePreliminary Analysis of the “End-of-the-Line” W UMa “End-of-the-Line” W UMa Eclipsing Binary V523 CasEclipsing Binary V523 Cas
Presenting Authors:Presenting Authors:Russell M. Genet, Orion ObservatoryRussell M. Genet, Orion ObservatoryThomas C. Smith, Dark Ridge ObservatoryThomas C. Smith, Dark Ridge Observatory
Contributing Authors:Dirk Terrell, Southwest Research InstituteLaurance Doyle, SETI Institute
Program OverviewProgram Overview
• First year “pilot”• Concentrated on two W UMa binaries
• Complete light curves every night
• Often from two observatories
• Primary science goal• Study changes in light curve shapes
• Secondary science goals• Precise seasonal ephemeredes
• Consider hot “Jupiter” transits
• Technical goals• Develop analytical tools
• Explore photometric precision
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
• Introduction to W UMa Binaries
• Observations and Reduction
• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis
• V523 Cas “Movie”
• Question & Answers
Russ
Tom
Russ
Tom
All
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
• Introduction to W UMa Binaries
• Observations and Reduction
• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis
• V523 Cas “Movie”
• Question & Answers
Russ
Tom
Russ
Tom
All
• Photometric / Magnetic Variability
• Intrinsic Period Changes
• Third – Body Period Changes
• Planetary Transits
Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries
• Photometric / Magnetic Variability
• Intrinsic Period Changes
• Third – Body Period Changes
• Planetary Transits
Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries
W UMa’s BinariesW UMa’s Binaries
• Over contact
• Dissimilar stars
Common envelope
Yet nearly same temperature
• Very Different masses
• Huge transfer of energy
Large to small
Color – Period RelationshipColor – Period Relationship
Color – Period RelationshipColor – Period Relationship
A W
More evolved
Higher masses
Thicker envelopes
Unevolved
Lower masses
Cannot achieve equilibrium
Period changes
Light curve variabilityBrighter star
Dimmer star
A and W Type W-UMa Binaries
W Type W UMa VariabilityW Type W UMa Variability
• Large Rosby number Fast rotators
Long convection turnover times
• For single stars Late Slow rotator
• For W UMa Late Fast rotator
• Ideal “laboratories” for magnetic activity
• Revealed through changing light curves
• “Movies” instead of disjointed snapshots
Bright Northern Short Period W UMa’sBright Northern Short Period W UMa’s
• Photometric / Magnetic Variability
• Intrinsic Period Changes
• Third – Body Period Changes
• Planetary Transits
Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries
Intrinsic Period ChangesIntrinsic Period Changes
• Angular Momentum Loss• Gravitational radiation
• Mass loss
• Magnetic breaking
• Mass transfer between stars
• Applegate effect
• Photometric / Magnetic Variability
• Intrinsic Period Changes
• Third – Body Period Changes
• Planetary Transits
Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries
SETI Visit with Laurance DoyleSETI Visit with Laurance Doyle
BarycentersBarycenters
V523 Cas Long-Term O-CV523 Cas Long-Term O-C
CM Dra ProgramCM Dra Program
• Photometric / Magnetic Variability
• Intrinsic Period Changes
• Third – Body Period Changes
• Planetary Transits
Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries
Transit PerspectiveTransit Perspective
II
I
Inclination Angle
High Inclination W UMa StarsHigh Inclination W UMa Stars
Solar Radii vs. Line-of-Sight Solar Radii vs. Line-of-Sight Inclination AngleInclination Angle
Three Transit PlotsThree Transit Plots
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
• Introduction to W UMa Binaries
• Observations and Reduction
• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis
• V523 Cas “Movie”
• Question & Answers
Russ
Tom
Russ
Tom
All
Dark Ridge Observatory (DRO)Dark Ridge Observatory (DRO)
Orion Observatory (OO)Orion Observatory (OO)
Image Reduction FlowchartImage Reduction Flowchart
DRO/OO Observational Database 2004DRO/OO Observational Database 2004
Light-Curve DatabaseLight-Curve Database
Raw Text File to Raw Excel 25KSub buildPhase() ' use the getPhase function to populate the phase field Dim myDb As Database Dim myRs As Recordset Set myDb = CurrentDb() Set myRs = myDb.OpenRecordset("Select * from tblLightCurve", dbOpenDynaset) Do While Not myRs.EOF myRs.Edit myRs.Fields("Phase").Value = getPhase(myRs.Fields("HJD").Value).phase myRs.Fields("Cycle").Value = getPhase(myRs.Fields("HJD").Value).Cycle myRs.Update myRs.MoveNext Loop MsgBox "Done"End SubSub buildAdjustedPhase() ' use the getPhase function to populate the phase field Dim myDb As Database
1 2
3Raw Source
Database
1a
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
• Introduction to W UMa Binaries
• Observations and Reduction
• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis
• V523 Cas “Movie”
• Question & Answers
Russ
Tom
Russ
Tom
All
V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis
Analysis ConsiderationsAnalysis Considerations
• Specialized analysis
• Complete light curves only
• Many complete curves
• Multiple observatories
• Preliminary
• Analysis not completed
• No ensemble photometry yet
• Automation
• Not just labor efficiency
• Parametric outer loop
• In conjunction with WD (Terrell)
Edits and Adjustments
25K Database 24,761
Bad Weather -3,232
C&K Zeros -54
3-Sigma Cuts -173
V-C Outliers -54
21K Database 21,248
Edits and Adjustments
Beginning and Ending Database RowsBeginning and Ending Database Rows
Typical DRO 21K Database Light CurveTypical DRO 21K Database Light Curve
Typical OO 21K Database Light CurveTypical OO 21K Database Light Curve
Classical Analysis
Robert Nelson’s Minima23Robert Nelson’s Minima23
V523 Cas Seasonal O-CV523 Cas Seasonal O-C
Phase-Binned Analysis
Eclipsing Binary PhasesEclipsing Binary Phases
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.000.75 0.25
HJD to Phase TransformationHJD to Phase Transformation
Epoch – JD Obs
Period{ }=Φ
Epoch = 2453234.63551606
Period = 0.23369537
21K Data Point Phase Plot V523 Cas21K Data Point Phase Plot V523 Cas
Phase BinningPhase Binning
Epoch – JD Obs
Period{ }=Φ
Phase – Binned Analysis IPhase – Binned Analysis I
...
Phase – Binned Analysis IIPhase – Binned Analysis II
...
DifferenceEngine
...
V523 Cas 2004 Season Master Curve V523 Cas 2004 Season Master Curve Utilizing the Binning MethodUtilizing the Binning Method
Symmetry Analysis
Symmetry AlgorithmSymmetry Algorithm
… …
Y2 = Y1 + (X2 – X1)(Y3 – Y1)
(X3 – X1)
ΣN
S=1
(Y2L – Y2R)=
... ……
N 13 2 N1 2 3
X1 X1X2 X3 X2 X3
Left Right
Y1
Y3
Y2
Y1
Y3
Y2
Total PhaseTotal Phase
Secondary Minima NarrowSecondary Minima Narrow
First Maxima NarrowFirst Maxima Narrow
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
• Introduction to W UMa Binaries
• Observations and Reduction
• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis
• V523 Cas “Movie”
• Question & Answers
Russ
Tom
Russ
Tom
All
Making the MovieMaking the Movie
• 35 pictures were created from the binned, zero-shifted V-C plots.
• The pictures have been arranged in chronological order to represent the nightly results and to show the night-to-night changes in the shapes of the light curves as compared to the master season curve created from all 21K observations.
• The following 35 frames represent a visual depiction of those changes in a somewhat dynamic show.
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 1
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 2
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 3
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 4
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 5
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 6
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 7
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 8
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 9
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 10
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 11
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 12
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 13
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 14
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 15
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 16
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 17
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 18
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 19
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 20
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 21
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 22
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 23
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 24
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 25
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 26
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 27
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 28
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 29
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 30
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 31
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 32
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 33
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 34
V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 35
Preliminary ConclusionsPreliminary Conclusions
• Changes in light curve shapes• Definite changes September to December
• Possible changes within August and September
• Small O-C variations• Difficult to detect within season
• But likely between seasons
• May detect distant “Jupiters” (over several years)
• Transits• Several W UMa candidates
• Detection difficult due to changing times of transit / spots
Potential Future EffortsPotential Future Efforts
Dirk Terrell,
Darth’s other side!
The Master Modeler…
• Photometric precision
• Parametric analysis / automation
• Data archives to AAVSO
• Give V1191 Cyg THE treatment
• Between season comparisions
• Wilson – Devinney Analysis
With his extensive Galactic travels we asked the expert for his assistance with the WD analysis.
Questions & AnswersQuestions & Answers
Genet / Smith V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Report