CBM Program Indonesia_CR2010

CCOP-47AS/3-6

47th CCOP Annual Session 17-21 October 2010 Manado, Indonesia

Member Country Report of

INDONESIA

Submitted by

Indonesia Delegation

(For Agenda Item 3)

COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP)

CCOP Member Country Report: INDONESIA 1

ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT

Country: INDONESIA Period: 1 July 2009 – 30 June 2010

GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR 1. MINERAL PROGRAMME

1.1. Summary Although the regulation of government of minerals and coal mines, as the

implementation of Law No. 4 Year 2009 which regulates the issuance of new mining permit has not been completed, ming activities continue apace with existing permits. This may occur either because the price of some commodities tend to remain stable or increase, or because of government policies that are in transition. Gold and iron ore are commodites whose prices have tended to increase, while nickel is relatively stable.

Resources and reserves of metallic mineral continue to change in response to exploration and production activities of existing companies. Grasberg, Batuhijau, Gosowong, Pongkor are still the largest contributors of resources, reserves and production of gold and or copper in Indonesia. Soroako, Pomalaa, Weda Bay, P. Gag and Tanjung Buli are the largest contributors of resources and reserves of nickel. Some locations of existing exploration companies are still allowed to add metallic mineral resources and reserves such as Tumpangpitu, Miwah, Sihayo, Papandayan and Lakuwahi (gold), Tayan (bauxite), Dairi (lead and zinc).

Total resources and reserves of some metallic mineral Indonesia until 2009

is described in table below.

COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) CCOP Building, 75/10 Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: +66 (0) 2644 5468, Fax: +66 (0) 2644 5429, E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.ccop.or.th

2 CCOP Member Country Report: INDONESIA

No. Commodities Total Resources (ton)

Total Reserves (ton) Remarks

1 Nickel 2.057.833.658 363.850.000 Ore 2 Tin 2.028.129,45 436.254,50 Metal 3 Bauxite 502.748.897 145.903.546 Ore 4 Copper 82.511.945 32.251.099,53 Metal 5 Gold 6.575,02 3.419,88 Metal

1.2. Annual Review of Individual Technical Activities

During the period mid-late 2009 until mid-early 2010, the Geological Agency as the government institution in charge of doing an inventory and exploration of mineral resources and the provision of preliminary data have been conducting investigations in some selected areas with different types of mineral commodities such as minerals that have a content of lead, molybdenum, gold, nickel, tin and iron.

Exploration activities for galena in Pasaman, West Sumatera foundnd a potential source of galena with inferred resources based on geophysical interpretation of 288 634 320 tons with an average content of Pb 2.5693%.

Indication of mineralization encountered in the Waemese area, South Buru, Maluku

based on the results of chemical analysis of rock samples showed six grams of gold / ton, As 2.6 gr / ton and 5.7 g Hg / tonne. This sampled rock outcrop was sampled in a broad zone and based on the results of chemical analysis, supported by mineragraphic analysis, temporarily is estimated as a prospect to be researched further.

Rare metal was found in soils in the area of Sosortolong South Tapanuli, North

Sumatera, was estimated as the result of weathering of granitic rocks to have an average thickness of 1.6 m. This was localized from interpretation of soil geochemical distribution of rare metal elements with the threshold value for Ce> 1.7%.


In the area of North Luwu, South Sulawesi, two types of deposit estimated to develop in this area are metasomatic contact and placer deposits. Alluvial gold deposits were found at Dodolo and Tedeboek with hypothetical resources 0.107313 tons with a gold content of 50 mg/m3.

Based on the ore-forming zone, the metallic mineralization in Lebak district, Banten is divided into two zones of mineralization represented by the bottom zone at Ciujung and Cihinit area dominated by base metals with a mineralogical association consisting of sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, and pyrite and the upper zone of mineralization at G. Julang dominated by precious metals with associated minerals gold and pyrite. Results of chemical analysis of the lower zone at Cihinit indicates Pb content reaches 18.26% and 4.6% Zn and at Ciujung area 11.98% Pb and 3.11% Zn respectively. While the upper zone has a relatively high content of Au ranged from 8.5 ~ 39 g / t Au, and 6 ~ 66 g / t. Ag in association with propilitic alteration, argillic alteration and silicification. Economically, the content of gold in this region (G. Julang) has a potential resource estimated as 250,000 tons of ore.

In the border region of Nunukan Regency, gold mineralization was found at Seruyung. Here the type of alteration and distribution pattern indicate high-sulphidation type with a assemblage of alteration minerals comprising a silica core covered by advanced argillic alteration consisting of the silica-pyrite-allunite grades to intermediate argillic broader form of kaolinite.

The result of the investigation in Nabire Regency, Papua encountered a laterite nickel deposit in ultramafic rock units and secondary gold deposits in alluvium.

As the result of the investigation in Gayo Lues, Aceh, molybdenum (Mo) was found in Alur Putih with a total ore resources estimated as 5.585 tons, and galena in the Pepelah area with 9.24 tons of resources.

In the area of Manokwari regency, Papua, tin and gold of greisen type was found in the area of S. Moni (Duibay Village, Menyambou District). Gold of metasomatic type mineralization is estimated to be prospective in the northern region where the indications are known from the results of panning.

Metallic minerals prospects in Polewali Mandar Regency, South Sulawesi, are in the form of gold, iron, and galena.

Mineral exploration cooperation with KIGAM entitled the Development of GIS for Mineral Potential Mapping in Eastern Indonesia is still in progress towards its third year. GIS training was held on 10 – 12 May 2010 in Bandung by Dr. Saro Lee, and field investigation will be carried out on August 2010 in Flores Island.

Programme Contact Person: Farida Zed Geological Agency of Indonesia Jl Sukarno Hatta 444 Bandung, West Java Indonesia Email : Phone : +62-22-5205572 Fax : +62-22-5226263


2. ENERGY PROGRAMME

2.1. Summary

In the year: 2009 up to October 2010, the Indonesia, as a member country of CCOP,was actively involved the oil and gas sector under the Energy Programme, Geo-resource sector of CCOP. through the EPPM Programme Project. Indonesia actively participated in a series of workshop of P1- Petroleum Resources Management with focus on Natural Gas, P2 - Natural Gas Field development and Environmental Issues, and P3 - Metadata on Natural gas resources in the CCOP Region. Indonesia played a main role in the project “Cross-border Case study area: Mergui-North Sumatra basin”. This project which is under the P1, is based on subsurface data commonly shared by Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia.

The involvment of Indonesia and Korea as CCOP member contries in the year 2010 is

that LEMIGAS and KIGAM are going to continue their research cooperation in reviewing the Hydrocarbon potential of North Sumatra Basin in Indonesia.

Condition and activity of Upstream Oil and Gas operations in Indonesia are as follows:

• The Goverment of Indonesia reported the status of Oil and Gas reserves: status on 1 January 2009 is account for total reserves (Proven and Potential) of Oil and Gas are 7,998.49 MMSTB and 159.63 TSCF respectively.

• The Oil production (including condensate) shows a declinding trend in last 5 years, from 1,062.1 thousand in 2005 to 948.8 thousand barrel per day in 2009. While Gas production in 2009 is increased (8,390 MMSCFD) if compared to that of 4 years before.

• The activity of exploration drilling in 2009 shows 75 wells completely drilled from planning of 84 exploration wells. The geological success ratio is about 69% with the result of additional resources of 446 MMBOE.

• The activity of Offering new working areas noted that the “Directorate Migas” on behalf of GOI offered the Oil and Gas working area: During the second period of 2009 there were available 12 and 11 Blocks for regular tender and direct proposal respectively. The “Directorate Migas” on behalf of GOI has signed 21 new contract for Exploration PSC for period I in 2009. The total firm commitment of the 3 years exploration period is about US$ 518.860 million.

• Recent data from proven CBM pilot project in Rambutan Field, South Sumatera indicate a positive initial gas production and in 2011 GOI plans to utilize gas from the CBM for electricity generation.

• Recent data from proven CBM pilot project in Rambutan Field, South Sumatera indicate a positive initial gas production and in 2011 GOI plans to utilize gas from the CBM for electricity.

• CBM current status (up to October 2010) indicates contracts signed is for 20 Blocks. • Indonesia expects CCOP support for future activities, i.e. the workshop, seminar and

training for purposes of: 1. CBM Resources Evaluation of Kutei and Tarakan Basin. 2. Detailed CCS Study: (1) Geological Potential Storage and Site Characterisation

and Selection for both EOR and non–EOR, (2) Laboratory Research on CO2 Storage in unminable coal seam (CBM reservoir) in Indonesia.


2.2. Annual Review of Individual Technical Activities 2.2.1. Hydrocarbons A. Participation in the oil and gas sector under the Energy Programme, Geo-

resource sector of CCOP The participation of Indonesia during 2009-2010 in the oil and gas sector under the

Energy Programme, Geo-resource sector of CCOP involved participation in the EPPM Programme which consists of P1- Petroleum Resource Management with focus on Natural Gas, P2 – Natural Gas Field Development and Environmental Issues and P3- Metadata on Natural Gas Resources in the CCOP Region.

A series of workshop was conducted to implement the activities of both P-2 and P-3 of the EPPM Programme. Indonesia is also invited to actively contribute to those events.

As well as P-2 and P-3 of the EPPM Programme implementation, especially under the P1, Indonesia has played the main role in the project, namely the Cross-border Case study area: Mergui-North Sumatra basin. This project is based on subsurface data shared by Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. The following activity of the project during 2009 -2010 includes first Workshop conducted in Krabi, Thailand, Data integration meeting, held in Jakarta, Second workshop organised by Indonesia in Medan and Third workshop in Penang, Malaysia. All the activity resulted in considerable progress in terms of sharing ideas, exchange of information and discussion in order to obtain and integrate data to be used for the case study.

Another activity of the Oil and Gas sector was that LEMIGAS and KIGAM, of Indonesia and Korea respectively, will in 2010 continue their research cooperation in reviewing the Hydrocarbon potential of North Sumatra Basin in Indonesia.

B. Activity of Upstream Oil and Gas Operation in Indonesia

The Goverment of Indonesia reported the status of Oil and Gas reserves as detailed in

the figures below. Oil production declined while national oil consumption keeps increasing. More than 90% of the current oil production comes from the mature fields with a rate of decline of approximately 5–10% per year. As figured out, the Oil production (including condensate) shows declining trend in the last 5 years, from 1,062.1 thousand in 2005 to 948.8 thousand barrels per day in 2009. While Gas production in 2009 is increased at 8,390 MMSCFD if compared to that in 4 years before.


The activity of exploration drilling in 2009 shows 75 wells completed from planning

of 84 exploration wells. The geological success ratio is about 69% with the results of additional resources 446 MMBOE.

GAS Oil

OIL AND GAS RESERVES OF INDONESIA(STATUS : 1 JANUARY 2009)

GAS OIL

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA 2005 - 2009

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Thousand barrel per day

Total 1,062.1 1,005.6 954.4 976.8 948.8

Oil 934.8 883.0 836.0 853.8 827.1

Condensate 127.3 122.6 118.4 123.0 121.7

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

MMSCFD

Prorduction 8,179 8,093 7,686 7,883 8,390

Utilization 7,885 7,785 7,418 7,573 7,903

Flared 294 308 268 310 487

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009


PROFILE OF EXPLORATION WELLS DRILLING

An effort has to be made by Government of Indonesia (GOI) in order to increase new discovery and for optimization of oil and gas production.The agenda of GOI during this includes:

1. An intensification of Exploration and exploitation of Oil and Gas by offering new working areas and by increasing Seismic Survey to obtain new data in frontier and un-explorde Basins.

2. Production optimization of existing fields (Work over, infill drilling, EOR technology application).

The activity of Offering new working areas notes that the “Directorate Migas” on behalf of GOI offers Oil and Gas working area. During the second period of 2009 there were available 12 and 11 Blocks respectively for regular tender and direct proposal. The “Directorate Migas” on behalf of GOI has signed 21 new contracts for Exploration PSC for period I in 2009. The total firm commitment of the 3 years exploration period is about US $ 518. 860 million.

The information data of all the offered Oil and Gas working areas are provided by Center for Data and Information on Energy and Mineral resources. At present, data of Speculative seismic survey throughout Indonesia is also prepared.


2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

FIRM COMMITMENT

$136

.050

. $23.100.0

$140.922.

$196.390.

$85.001.0

$230.500.

$639.467.

$941.450.

$518

.860

.NEW CONTRACT SIGNED

6 1 15

16

8 5 27

34

21

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

$-

$100

.000

.000

$200

.000

.000

$300.000.000

$400

.000

.000

$500.000.000

$600.000.000

$700.000.000

$800.000.000

$900.000.000

$1.000.000.000

NEW CONTRACT & FIRM COMMITMENT

- 7

INDONESIA PETROLEUM SECOND BIDDING ROUND YEAR 2009


DISTRIBUTION OF SPECULATIVE SURVEY IN INDONESIA

C. Coal Bed Methane (CBM)

CBM working areas are also promising In Indonesia. The data indicated that the total of CBM resources in Indonesia is predicted to be around 453.30 TCF, distributed in 11 coal basins. Suitable data from oil and gas activities, especially from the proven CBM pilot project in Rambutan Filed, South Sumatera, indicates moves to initial production and in 2011 GOI plans to utilize gas from the CBM for electricity.

CBM’s current status (as of May, 2010) indicates contracts signed for 20 Blocks, of which 5 blocks are located in East Kalimantan Basin, namely Kutai, Sangatta I & II, Sanga-Sanga and Bentian Besar Blocks, 5 blocks are in Barito Basin, namely Barito Banjar I & II, Pulang Pisau, Barito and Barito Tapin Blocks, 2 blocks are in Asem-Asem Basin, namely Tabulako and Kotabu Blocks, 2 blocks are in Central Sumatera Basin, namely Rengat and Indragiri Hulu and 6 blocks are in South Sumatera Basin, namely Batangasin, Sekayu, Tanjung Enim, Muara Enim, Ogan Komering I & II Blocks. In the Ombilin area, the calorific value of coal ranges from 7434 – 7646 cal/gram or an average of 7540 cal/gram. Water


content is quite low between 2.21 – 2.54 %, volatile content is 35.18 – 40.36 %, ash content is 4.02 – 7.18 % and sulphuric value is 1.20 – 4.38 %. Coal resources estimation reached 7,987,200 tons, coal resources with gas content reached 1,624,346,374 scf. Average coal gas content are O2 4.05 %, N2 , 9.26 %, CH4 63.92 %, CO 0.21 % and CO2 22.56 %. In Tanjung Enim Area, calorific value of coal ranges from 5955 - 6805 cal/gram or in average of 6380 cal/gram. Water content is quite low between 5.29 – 9.34 %, volatile is 23.38 – 46.95 %, ash content is 0.98 – 9.96 % and sulphuric value is 0.14 – 1.41 %. Coal resources estimation with assumed depth between 100-500 m reached 1,125,404,854 tons, coal resources with gas content reached 758,792,398 scf. Average coal gas content are O2 11.38 %, N2, 60.07 %, CH4 26.34 %, CO 0.00 % and CO2 0.54 %.

In 2010, the “Directorate Migas” on behalf of GOI plans to continue offering new working areas of CBM. The selected areas to be offered will be in East and Central Kalimantan, Riau and West Sumatra Regions.

CBM RESOURCES IN INDONESIA

OMBILINBASIN

CENTRAL SUMATRA BASIN

(52.50 TCF)

OMBILIN BASIN (0.50 TCF)

SOUTH SUMATRA BASIN

(183.00 TCF)

BENGKULU BASIN (3.60 TCF)

JATIBARANG BASIN

(0.80 TCF)

PASIR AND ASEM ASEM BASINS

(3.00 TCF)

BARITO BASIN (101.60 TCF)

SOUTHWEST SULAWESI BASIN

(2.00 TCF)

KUTEI BASIN (80.40 TCF)

NORTH TARAKAN BASIN

(17.50 TCF)

BERAU BASIN (8.40 TCF)

Resources = 453.30 TCF CBM Basin = 11(Advance Resources Interational, Inc., 2003)

*) Source data: Directorate Migas

D. Carbon Capture and storage (CCS) Study and Activity in Indonesia

In Indonesia, CCS is possible to be undertaken into several environments or ways in

terms of Geological storage, such as Oil and Gas Reservoirs, Coal Bed Methane Reservoirs and Saline Water. The CCS-EOR seems to be one of the viable options in financing demonstration projects, together with government support to render a CCS trust fund.

In order to assess the CCS and its potential combined with Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in Indonesia, LEMIGAS has conducted preliminary global storage estimates in Indonesia. A recent study shows that East Kalimantan and South Sumatra region can be selected as potential candidates for CCS projects as many depleted oil/gas reservoirs are close to the CO2 sources of oil and gas industry and coal power plan activities. Another potential of CCS project is in Natuna area in which a giant gas reserves with 70% of CO2 can be used as CO2 source and then stored into saline aquifer or depleted oil/gas reservoirs.

Figure below indicates the Potential Area for CCS System Application in Indonesia.


These recommended areas are based on the initial assessment of the prospect of CO2 storage in Indonesia’s geological formations, includes good reservoir characterisation and geologically stable as well as existing infrastructure and low population density. It is estimated that a CO2 volume of 38-152 million tonnes may be possible to be stored in the depleted oil reservoirs in East Kalimantan region, and potential oil recoveries of 265-531 million barrels could be obtained. In South Sumatera region, a CO2 volume of 18-36 million tonnes may be possible to be stored in the depleted oil and gas reservoirs with potential oil recoveries of 84-167 million barrels.

Another possibility CO2 Storage is in unminable Coal, i.e. post production of CBM reservoir can be also considered. Coal basins are found in Indonesia and further CCS deployment can be introduced to enhance CBM recovery in the South Sumatera region that contains abundantly Coal Bed Methane (CBM) resources. The Figure below shows the Coal Basins in Indonesia.

To implement CCS, since April 2009 Indonesia became a founding member of Global

CCS Initiatives (GCCSI) led by Australia.

The event in conjunction with CCS activity is that there resulted in a launching Indonesia CCS Study by the CCS Working Group & Joint workshop “CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE IN INDONESIA” been held in Jakarta, on 10 -12 November 2009.


The first Indonesia CCS Study, entitled “Understanding CCS Potential in Indonesia” conducted by CCS Working Group has been presented. The study provided fundamental principles and preliminary understanding of CCS potential in Indonesia that extend from capture technology, transportation methods, subsurface geological storage and other key elements.

The working group is comprised of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Environment, Indonesian State Electricity Corporation, Shell, Indonesian National Committee-World Energy Council and supported by the British Embassy in Jakarta.

On the same occasion, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) and its Agency of Research and Development for Energy and Mineral Resources (ARDMER), jointly with the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Expert Group on Clean Fossil Energy (EGCFE) held a Joint Workshop “Carbon Capture and Storage in Indonesia”.

The workshop is a part of series of bilateral projects that currently underway among IEA, MEMR and LEMIGAS to assist the Indonesian Government to increase capacity building and identify ways to quicken the uptake of CCS key elements. A similar goal is also owned by the APEC Expert Group on Clean Fossil Energy which aims at exploring the potential of CCS in the APEC region, raising knowledge and awareness of CCS among developing APEC member economies.

The workshop recommendation agreed that the commercial deployment of CCS should be accelerated in Indonesia. Though significant challenges may occur if CCS is to be successfully commercialized, i.e. the lack of appropriate long–term policy frameworks and significant financial incentives to justify investment on early demonstration projects. The next action is still needed by Indonesia such as: Detailed study of CCS; Capacity building (Technological Transfer); International Funding Pilot Project; and Public support.

A Proposed Detailed CCS Study for action plan in Indonesia: (1) Geological Potential

Storage and Site Characterisation and Selection for both EOR and non–EOR, (2) Laboratory Research on CO2 Storage in unminable coal seam (CBM reservoir) in Indonesia.

2.2.2. Geothermal

Indonesia is a country that has abundant geothermal resources. They are mainly distributed along the Indonesian Volcanic Belts, however some are also associated with non volcanic environments (intrusive, tectonic). By December 2009, there were 265 geothermal locations on inventory with the total energy potential of about 28.528 MWe. These include 8935 MWe of Speculative Resources, 4551 MWe of Hypothetical Resources, 11704 MWe of Possible Reserves, 1050 MWe Probable Reserves and 2288 Mwe of Proven Reserves. From this, twenty six new working areas (WKP) have been issued by the Government, 7 WKP finished tendering, 14 in bidding process, and 5 ready to bid. These areas include Jaboi (NAD), Seulawah Agam (NAD), Gunung Talang (West Sumatera), Bukit Kili (West Sumatera), Liki-Pinangawan-Muaralabuh (West Sumatera), Sipaholon-Ria (North Sumatera), Sorik Marapi-Roburan-Sampuraga (North Sumatera), Rantau Dadap (South Sumatera), Rajabasa (Lampung), Suoh Sekincou (Lampung), Tampomas (West Java), Cisolok Cisukarame (West Java), Tangkuban Parahu (West Java), Ungaran (Central Java), Ngebel Wilis (East Java), Blawan Ijen (East Java), Kaldera Danau (Banten), Guci (Central Java), Baturaden (Central Java), Hu’u Daha (West Nusa Tenggara), Sokoria (East Nusa Tenggara),


Atadei (East Nusa Tenggara), Jailolo (North Maluku), Songa Wayaua (North Maluku), Marana (Central Sulawesi), and Suwawa (Gorontalo).

Indonesia has a set of long term policies for development of geothermal energy, as embodied in the Geothermal Development Road Map of 2004-2025. Indonesia envisions that by 2025, about five percent of our national energy needs, will be met through the use of geothermal energy. So far, Indonesia only used 1189 MWe of 7 locations of the available resources. This total installed capacity is less than 3 % from the total locations. These include 375 MWe in G. Salak, 200 MWe in Kamojang, 255 MWe in Darajat, 227 MWe in Wayang Windu, 60 MWe in Dieng, 60 MWe in Lahendong , and 12 MWe in Sibayak.

The geothermal locations are mainly still in the stage of inventory survey (142 locations or 53,58%). To increase the status of survey and to accelerate geothermal development, in 2010 the Geological Agency conducts preliminary survey, detailed surveys, heat flow survey, and core hole temperature survey. Preliminary Survey is conducted at 4 locations: Tali Abu (Kepulauan Sula, Maluku), Pasaman Barat (West Sumatra), Kandangan (South Kalimantan), and Sanggau and Kapuas Hulu (West Kalimantan). Detailed Survey is conducted at 8 locations: Bora (Donggala, Central Sulawesi), Lili (Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi), Tehoru (Maluku), Kapahiang (Bengkulu), Telomoyo (Central Java), Lainea (Kendari, South East Sulawesi), Gunung Kapur (Kerinci, Jambi), and Arjuno Welirang (East Java). Heat Flow Survey is conducted at 1 location: Limbong, South Sulawesi. Core hole temperature survey is conducted at 1 location: Gunung Lawu (East Java and Central Java). Beside the survey activities, we evaluate the geothermal prospect areas (Danau Ranau-Lampung, Bonjol-West Sumatera, Gunung Endut-Banten, Lompio-Tambu- Central Sulawesi, and Lesugolo-Eat Nusa Tenggara) and examine the characteristic of non-volcanic geothermal resources in Central Sulawesi.

The Geological Agency participated in the World Geothermal Congress 2010 in Bali from 25-30 April 2010. The Congress which had the theme: ‘Geothermal: the Energy to Change the World’, was held for exchange of ideas and sharing experiences not only on technical and financing aspects but also on the policy and global politics of the energy sector. The Geological Agency also had joined cooperation during the fiscal year 2010 with the Japanese goverment (JICA) in a master plan study of geothermal development in Indonesia.

Base on investigation by preliminary and detailed survey, geothermal prospects are mostly concentrated in Sumatera (86 locations), Jawa (71 locations), Sulawesi (55 locations), and the rest are distributed in other islands.

A larger part of geothermal areas in Indonesia (54,34%) are still in the stage of preliminary survey. These areas need to increase status of survey by government, company or collaboration with other countries. Particularly for those are of small scale and situated in remote islands, the government has to be more involved in developing this kind of resource.

There were 266 geothermal areas up to June 2010 having 28,950 MW potential resources. 204 locations (77%) associated with volcanic and 62 (23%) associated with non volcanic. However, only 1189 MWe, about 52 % of proven reserve or + 4 % of the total potential resources be utilized for power plant. The geothermal utilized for power plan are located at G. Salak (375 MWe), Kamojang (200 MWe), Darajat (255 MWe), Wayang Windu (227 MWe), Dieng (60 MWe), Lahendong (60 MWe) and Sibayak (12 MWe).


Geothermal Energy Resources Map of Indonesia

During 2009–2010, Geological Agency has carried out geothermal survey at several areas. (Table 1)

Geothermal Survey 2009: No. Location Result / Potency Remarks 1 Polewali Mandar,

West Sulawesi 3 new geothermal prospects area: Lily (75 MWe), Mapili (50 MWe), and Alu (25 MWe)

Preliminary survey

2. Manokwari, West Papua

2 new geothermal prospects area: Kebar (25 MWe) and Ransiki-Womiwaren (25 MWe)

Preliminary survey

3. Seram, Central Maluku, Maluku

4 new geothermal prospects area Tehoru (75 MWe), Banda Baru (75 MWe), Pohon Batu (50 Mwe), Kelapa Dua (25 MWe)

Preliminary survey

4 Bittuang, South Sulawesi

50 MWe Integrated survey

5 Limbong, South Sulawesi

60 MWe (Hipotetic Resources) Integrated survey

6 Bonjol, West Sumatera Gradient geothermal survey

7 Bonjol, West Sumatera 140 Mwe (Hipotetic Resources) 200 MWe (Possible Reserve)

Magnetotelluric survey

8 G.Lawu, Central & East Java

325 MWe (Hipotetic Resources) 195 MWe (Possible Reserve)

Integrated survey

9 Wae Sekat, Maluku 6 MWe (Hipotetic Resources) and 14 MWe (Possible Reserve)

Integrated survey

Total Location : 266 Total Potential : 28.950 MWe


Geothermal Survey 2010 (until June): No. Location Results / Potency Keterangan 1 West Pasaman, West

Sumatera 1 new geothermal prospects area Pincurak (50 MWe)

Preliminary survey

2 Arjuno Welirang, East Java

265 MWe (Hipotetic Resources) Integrated survey

3. Bora, Central Sulawesi 80 MWe (Hipotetic Resources) 70 MWe (Possible Reserve)

Integrated survey

4 G.Lawu, Central & East Java

195 (Hipotetic Resources) 275 MWe (Possible Reserve)

Magnetotelluric survey

Location of Geothermal Survey Area 2008-2009

Preliminary Survey

Detailed Survey Monitoring

☯ ☯

Sokoria

Mataloko

Wai Sekat – Kpl Madan

Seram

☯Bituang ☯

☯

Manokwari

Limbong

G. Lawu

West Polewali

☯

☯☯

☯

☯

D. Ranau

☯

Magnetotelluric

Gradient Temperature

Bonjol

West Pasaman

G. Lawu

Bora

Arjuno Welirang ☯ 2009 2010


GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL IN INDONESIA (STATUS DECEMBER 2009)

2.2.3. Coal Calculation of the total of coal resources of Indonesia up to 2010 showed 104,940.22

million tons consisting of:

Calorie Value Rseources (million tons) % Low (< 5100 cal/gr, adb) 21,183.05 20.19 Medium (5100 – 6100 cal/gr, adb) 69,734.03 66.45 High (6100 – 7100 cal/gr, adb) 13,021.50 12.41 Very High (>7100 cal/gr, adb) 1,001.64 0.95

Based on the stage of investigations, Indonesia coal resources may be divided into 4

categories, i.e.: hypothetic, probable, inferred, and measured, as describe below:

Categories of Reosurces

Resources (million tons)

Measured 22,290.26 Indicated 15,804.12 Inferred 32,219.74 Hypothetic 34,626.10

Distribution map of Coal resources and reserves of 2010

Total of peat resources up to 2010 based on Geological Agency investigation is 9,195.04 million tons – dry weight with caloric value of 1405 – 5950 kal/gram. Compared to 2009, there was an increase of 108.96 million tons from 9,086.08 million tons, as the result of Geological Agency investigation in Pangkoh, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan province.

Total resources of oil shale up to 2010 are 11,416.77 million tons which can be divided into 2 categories: hypothetical resource 10,170.77 million tons and inferred resource 1,246 million tons, with oil content 1 lt/ton - 248 lt/ton.


2.3.2 Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities

In 2009-2010, the Geological Agency conducted several activities in updating and adding energy resources data and information, particularly coal, peat, oilshale. These activities were conducted in West Papua, South East Sulawesi and Central Kalimantan.

Coal inventory in Ayawasi, South Sorong Regency, West Papua Laboratory analysis result indicated total moisture value between 44.38 – 46.72 %,

volatile matter value 38.63 – 39.60 %, and calorie values between 5,282 – 5,482 cal/gr which is classified as low – medium rank. The coal resource at the investigated area is 162,583 tons and is classified as a hypothetical resource.

Coal inventory in Ransiki, Manokwari Regency, West Papua (Figure 9). Laboratory analysis results indicated moisture values between 3.43 – 5.13 %, volatile

matter value 39.99 – 48.83 %, ash value 0.49 – 17.44 %, sulphur value 0.99 – 2.85 %, FSI 1.5 - 7 and calorie value between 6,403 – 7,635 cal/gr which is classified as very high rank. Coal resources at the investigation area are 4,029,400 tons, classified as hyphothetical resources.

Oil shale inventory in Buton, Buton Regency, South East Sulawesi Province Hypothetic resources of oil shale Buton amount to approximately 9,256,856.1 tons.

Retort analyses showed average oil content, 104 l/ton, with oil shale resources containing approximately 6,050,000 barrel oil.

Peat inventory and exploration in Pangkoh, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central

Kalimantan Province (Figure 9). As the result of 30 drill-holes in the investigation area, peat thickness of 0.30 m to

6.50 m was delineated with organic main compound and water. Its organic element formed molecule chain of humate acid, fulvat, humin, carbohydrate, wax, protein, lignite, cellulose, bitumen, and other related compounds. Peat resources estimated on multiplying a vast area of peat distribution against average thickness between two isopachs is: inferred resources 908.01 million M3 or resources of 908.1 x 106x 120 kg = 108.961 x 106 kg or 108,96 million tons, dry peat (± 5% water, average bulk density of laboratory result is 120 kg/m3).


Figure 9. Location of Coal, Peat, and Oil Shale Survey in Indonesia.

2.3. Proposed Future Activities Indonesia expects CCOP support for future activities, i.e. the workshop, seminar and

training for the purposes:

• CBM Resources Evaluation of Kutei and Tarakan Basin.

• Detailed CCS Study: (1) Geological Potential Storage and Site Characterisation and Selection for both EOR and non–EOR, (2) Laboratory Research on CO2 Storage in unminable coal seam (CBM reservoir) in Indonesia.

2.4. Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities See 2.3, above Programme Contact Person: Ir. Bambang Wicaksono T.M. M.Sc. Head of R&D Division for Exploration Technology Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology Jl. Ciledug Raya Kav.109, Kebayoran Lama. Jakarta Selatan 12230, Indonesia Phone : +62-21-7251413; +62-21-7394422 Ext. 1310. Fax: +62-21-7251413; +62-21-7246150 Email: [email protected]

3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME

3.1. Summary

Referring to the main tasks of the Center of Environmental Geology (CEG), Geological Agency (GA), the activities on groundwater conducted during the year 2009-2010 can be subdivided into six groups as follows:


1 Hydrogeological mapping based on systematic (scale 1:250,000) sheets of Indonesia. 2 Groundwater survey based on groundwater basins (GB), consisting of survey on

groundwater potency and groundwater conservation. 3 Groundwater research and development. 4 Engineering technology for groundwater. 5 Groundwater quantification and modeling. 6 Preparing presidential decree on groundwater basins.

The result of the above activities were disseminated to the stakeholders in groundwater resources by means of workshops, seminars, and socialization.


The main objective of the hydrogeological mapping at scale 1:250,000 is to acquire on hydrogeological units, groundwater occurrence, and productivity of the aquifers within the mapping areas.

Hydrogeological mapping has been done on areas covered by six quadrangles, that

are: a Sheet 2807 Selaru Island, 2808 Yamdena Island, and 2809 Molu Island, Maluku.

These sheets cover Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku Province.

b Sheet 1010 Kotaagung, Sumatera, which is covering five regencies, i.e. Tanggamus, West Lampung, South Lampung, Central Lampung, and Pasawaran, Lampung Province.

c Sheet 1015 Kota Dabok and part of sheet 1016 Tanjung Pinang, Riau Island. Geographically, these sheets cover Lingga Regency, Kepulauan Riau Province. Five districts are covered in this mapping area, i.e. Singkep, West Singkep, Lingga, North Lingga, and Senayang.


Table 1 Hydrogeological/Groundwater Activities Conducted by CGE-GA in 2009/2010

Nr Description Nr of Location (Year) 1 Systematic Hydrogeological Mapping Scale 1:250,000 10 sheets 1.1 Sheet 2807 Selaru Island, 2808 Yamdena Island, and 2809 Molu Island, Maluku. (2009) 1.2 Sheet 1010 Kotaagung, Sumatera (2009) 1.3 Sheet 1015 Kota Dabok and part of sheet 1016 Tanjung Pinang, Riau Island. (2009) 1.4 Sheet 2205 Seba and part of sheet 2305 Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. (2009) 1.5 Sheet 1919 Tarakan Island and 1920 Sebatik Island, Kalimantan. (2009) 1.6 Sheet 0614 Muarasikabaluan and sheet 0714 Muarasiberut (2010) 1.7 Sheet 2707 Masela Island and 2708 Babar Island, Maluku Archipelago. (2010) 1.8 Sheet 1413 Kendawangan, Kalimantan Island. (2010) 1.9 Sheet 2215 Luwuk and sheet 2315 Balantak, Sulawesi Island. (2010) 1.10 Sheet 1816 Muaraancalung, Kalimantan Island. (2010) 2 Groundwater Survey 2.1 Survey on Groundwater Potencyl of the Groundwater Basin (GB) 5 GB 2.1.1 Mataram-Selong GB (2009) 2.1.2 Ternate GB (2009) 2.1.3 Payakumbuh GB (2009) 2.1.4 Tegal-Brebes GB (2010) 2.1.5 Kupang GB (2010) 2.2 Survey on Groundwater Conservation of the GB 6 GB 2.2.1 Jakarta GB (2009) 2.2.2 Serang-Tangerang GB (2009) 2.2.3 Bogor GB (2009) 2.2.4 Bandung-Soreang GB (2009) 2.2.5 Semarang-Demak GB (2010) 2.2.6 Yogyakarta GB (2010) 3 Groundwater Research and Development 3.1 Use of Isotope and Hydrochemical Analysis for Delineating Groundwater

Recharge Area of the Semarang-Demak GB (Phase 3) 1 GB (2009)

3.2 Use of Isotope and Hydrochemical Analysis for Delineating Groundwater Recharge Area of the Bandung-Soreang GB (Phase 3)

1 GB (2009)

3.3 Impact of Global Climate Change on Groundwater Condition in the Semarang GB 1 GB (2010) 3.4 Hydrogeological Research in Area of Serang Mudflow, Banten Province 1 GB (2010) 3.5 Groundwater Exploration and Development in Area of Water Shortage 126 wells (2009/2010) 4 Monitoring of Groundwater Quantity and Quality 4.1 Jakarta GB 1 GB (2010) 4.2 Area of Sidoarjo Mudflow, East Java 1 GB (2010) 4.3 Mining Area (MA) of West Sumbawa Regency 1 MA (2010) 5 Engineering Technology on Groundwater Recharge Area in Ungaran GB 1 GB (2009) 6 Groundwater Quantification and Modeling – Denpasar-Tabanan GB, Bali Province 1 GB (2009) 7 Preparing Presidential Decree (PD) on Groundwater Basins 1 PD (2009/2010)

Table 2 Groundwater Exploration and Development in Area of Water Shortage, conducted by CGE-GA in 2009

Nr Location Number of Well Total Q Number of people (Province) [L/sec] served by the wells 1 West Sumatera 2 5.2 5200 2 Bengkulu 1 3 3000 3 West Java 3 15.5 15500 4 Central Java 10 21 21000 5 East Java 2 4 4000 6 West Kalimantan 1 1.5 1500 7 South East Sulawesi 1 3 3000 8 Bali 2 10.5 10500 9 West Nusa Tenggara 2 5 5000 10 East Nusa Tenggara 2 1 1000 TOTAL 26 69.7 69700


d Sheet 2205 Seba and part of sheet 2305 Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. These sheets cover Rote Ndao Regency and Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. In this year, Sabu Island is planned to be Sabu Regency.

e Sheet 1919 Tarakan Island and 1920 Sebatik Island, Kalimantan. These sheets cover Nunukan Regency, Bulungan Regency, and Tarakan City, East Kalimantan Province.

f Sheet 0614 Muarasikabaluan and sheet 0714 Muarasiberut which are covering Kepulauan Mentawai Regency and consist of Siberut Island (+ 3.794 Km2), Masokut Island (+21,78 Km2), and small islands of less than 15 Km2 wide e.g. Siloina Island and Simaileppet Island.

Hydrogeological mapping as mentioned in a to e, above, was conducted in 2009

while f was conducted and completed by June 2010.

3.2.1. Groundwater Survey

Groundwater survey can be subdivided into two activities, that are:

a Survey on Groundwater Potency (or potential) of the Groundwater Basin (GB). The main objective of this survey is to get semi-quantitative information on groundwater potency based on groundwater quantity and quality criteria for drinking purposes. Three groundwater basin were surveyed, i.e.

1) Mataram-Selong GB, West Nusa Tenggara. Geographically, the basin covers Mataram City, West Lombok Regency, Central Lombok Regency, and East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province.

2) Ternate GB, North Maluku. This groundwater basin covers Ternate City, North Maluku Province.

3) Payakumbuh GB, West Sumatera. This basin covers part of Limapuluh Kota Regency and Payakumbuh City with an areal extend about 668 Km2.

b Survey on Groundwater Conservation of the GB. The main objective of this survey is

to get information on the degree of groundwater damage due to groundwater abstraction within the basin. Three groundwater basin were surveyed, i.e.

1) Jakarta GB. Geographically, the basins cover three provinces, i.e. Banten, Jakarta, and West Java with an areal extent of about 1439 Km2.

2) Serang-Tangerang GB. This basin occurs in Banten Province and West Java Province and consist of eight regencies/cities. The areal extent of the basin attains 2822 Km2.

3) Bogor GB. The basin covers areas of Bogor City, Bogor Regency, and Depok City, West Java Province with an areal extent of about 1311 Km2.

3.2.2 Groundwater Research and Development

Groundwater research and development can be subdivided into three activities. That are:

a Use of Isotope and Hydrochemical Analysis for Delineating Groundwater Recharge

Area of the Semarang-Demak GB (Phase 3). b Use of Isotope and Hydrochemical Analysis for Delineating Groundwater Recharge

Area of the Bandung-Soreang GB (Phase 3). c Groundwater Exploration and Development in Area of Water Shortage were done in

10 provinces. The total number of exploration wells which were then developed to be production wells was 26 wells. The total discharge from the wells attained 69.7 L/sec and serves about 69,700 people.


3.2.3 Engineering Technology on Groundwater

Engineering technology related to designing of artificial recharge well in a shallow aquifer system was conducted in the Ungaran GB.The main objective of this activity is to select an appropriate recharge well construction to be applied in different material of the shallow aquifer system in the basin.

3.2.4 Groundwater Quantification and Modeling

Groundwater quantification and modeling of Denpasar-Tabanan GB were conducted in order to simulate the groundwater flow system for steady state (initial condition) and transient flow conditions (change of groundwater heads by changing groundwater abstraction/Qabs at a certain period). Scenario of Qabs were established for recovering and maintaining groundwater heads at safe levels. The mathematical background and general instructions are given by the manual of the Visual ModFlow Version 3.2.

3.2.5 Preparing Presidential Decree on Groundwater Basins

As a basis of groundwater management, that is stipulated on Article 13 of Law Nr. 7/2004 on Water Resources, the groundwater basin should be issued by Presidential Decree. Presidential Decree on Groundwater Basins, stated furthermore in Article 7 of Governmental Decree Nr. 43/2008 on Groundwater has to to be established by considering criteria and procedure on stipulation of groundwater basins.

Based on the above criteria and procedure, the final draft of Presidential Decree on

Groundwater Basins which is mainly comprising of map of the groundwater basin for each province and list of groundwater basins in Indonesia was undertaken by CEG-GA and completed by the end of 2009.

3.3. Proposed Future Activities

The activities related to groundwater which are now being conducted by CGE-GA

during the year 2010 (after June,30, 2010) can be described as follows :

a Systematic Hydrogeological Mapping Scale 1:250,000 comprises of three sheets, that are: 1) Sheet 2707 Masela Island and 2708 Babar Island, Maluku Archipelago. 2) Sheet 1413 Kendawangan, Kalimantan Island. 4) Sheet 2215 Luwuk and sheet 2315 Balantak, Sulawesi Island. 5) Sheet 1816 Muaraancalung, Kalimantan Island.

b Survey on Groundwater Potency of the GB, comprises of: 1) Tegal-Brebes GB, Central Java. 2) Kupang GB, East Nusa Tenggara.

c Survey on Groundwater Conservation of the GB, comprises of : 1) Bandung-Soreang GB, West Java. 2) Semarang-Demak GB, Central Java.

3) Yogyakarta GB. e Groundwater Research and Development, comprises of

1) Impact of Global Climate Change on Groundwater Condition in the Semarang GB. 2) Hydrogeological Research in Area of Serang Mudflow, Banten Province.


3) Groundwater Exploration and Development in Area of Water Shortage. During the second term of the year 2010 the activity will be drilling and completion of 26 production wells and performing pumping test at 100 production wells.

f Monitoring of Groundwater Quantity and Quality, comprises of 1) Jakarta GB. 2) Area of Sidoarjo Mudflow, East Java. 3) Mining Area of West Sumbawa Regency.

g National seminar and socialization for disseminating the result of groundwater activities conducted by the CEG-GA, e.g. in Bandung, Serang, and Denpasar.

Future activities which will be started in 2011 should refer to the new main tasks of

the reorganized institution that will be the Center of Groundwater Resource and Environmental Geology. In general, there will be an additional task of the new institution, i.e. preparing and executing the groundwater regulation.

3.4. Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities

1) Information system of hydrogeological maps which will be published by CD-ROM

and CCOP Homepage. 2) Groundwater quantity and quality monitoring in urban groundwater basins (network

design of groundwater monitoring wells, installation, expertise and budget). 3) Groundwater quantification and modeling in urban development groundwater basins

(expertise, training, budget).

Programme Contact Person: H. Danaryanto Geological Agency of Indonesia. Jl. Diponegoro 57 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Fax: +62-22-7206167 Phone: +62-22-7274705 Email ; [email protected]


GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR 4. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME

4.1 Summary Indonesia is the largest coastal country in the world, having a marine territory of about

2/3 of the whole Indonesian territorial area, with a total number of 17,504 islands and a total length of coastline of 94,623 km. Shorelines in Indonesia generally characterized by cliff and rock comprises almost 60% of the total length. The others are characterized by reef, sand and muddy shorelines. The totals muddy shoreline in Indonesia is at least 5% of the total length, found in the eastern coast of Sumatera (at least 1500 km), in the northern coast of Java (at least 350 km), eastern and southern coast of Kalimantan (at least 1500 km) and southern coast of Irian Jaya/Papua (at least 1400 km).

During the fiscal year 2009 and 2010, the Marine Geological Research and

Development Center, Energy and Mineral Resources Research and Development Agency, have conducted coastal geological surveys of the Cipunegara Delta, Pamanukan, West Java, Northertn coast Java.

4.2 Annual Review of Individual Technical Activities

Coastal Geological Survey of Cipunegara Delta, Pamanukan.

Geologically, the northern coast of Java which is extends eastward from Sunda Strait

to Surabaya, is a part of the extensive coastal lowland belt mainly built up from unconsolidated clay and sand. This material is derived from fluviatile (flood plain and channel deposits) and marine sediments (beach and beach ridge; mangrove swamp; near shore; and shallow marine deposits deposits), which have been deposited since 6000 years ago with some beach ridges widening to a deltaic plain.

The problematic and interesting phenomena in this area mainly comes from the

geological aspects and human pressure on the environment. The coastal environments under study here are on the both land and the marine side. Rapid development along the northern coast of Java is currently in need of coastal zone management plans as the fastest growing of the city coastal areas in the northern coast of the island require land resources. Land requirements will be increasing in the future, and an integrated study of coastal zone and marine geohazards should be undertaken.

Recently a case study in the Cipunegara Delta and its surroundings has been

undertaken in relation to its environments and ther geological hazards. The Cipunegara has a catchment of about 1,450 square kilometres, with mountainous headwater regions, carrying relics of a natural deciduous rain forest and extensive tea plantations; a hilly central catchments with teak forest, rubber plantations, and cultivated land; and a broad coastal plain bearing irrigated ricefields. The river meanders across this plain, branching near Tegallurung, where the main stream runs northwards and a major distributary, the Pancer, flows to the north-east. Aerial photographs taken in 1946, shows that subsequent further advance on the Pancer delta, and continued smoothing of the former delta lobe to the west has taken place. It confirmed this sequence with reference to the pattern of beach ridges truncated on the eastern shores of Ciasem Bay and the 1976 Landsat pictures show that a new delta has been built out to the north-east. This delta formed after the new northeast channel was built in 1960 to avoid


flooding in the region by the river. Along the coast of Cipunegara delta, the mangrove fringe (mainly Rhizophora) has persisted on advancing sectors but elsewhere has been eroded or displaced by the construction of fishponds. There has been widespread removal of mangroves, in the course of constructing tambak (brackishwater fishponds) in this area starting 1990s, and with lack of sedimentation in places these are being eroded such as shown along the coast of Pondok Bali to the Muara Pancer Wetan. The other factor which is an influence on this area is the subsidence as shown in the seismic reflection profile and sea level fluctuation with ranges between 9-15 mm/year (based on tide analysis and altimetry satellite data/TOPEX/Poseidon and JAS-1). Earth.google 2009’s image shows that the newly build northeast delta has advanced more to the Java Sea and developed 5400 m since 1960 from the Dutch coas of 1942, indicating at least 108 m/year advance.

In order to reconstruct an updated shoreline migration history at annual scale in the Cipunegara delta and its surroundings, we have recently compiled and calculated the available data which shows that it is a dynamic area where the shoreline accretion and abrasion can be found in some places. This is due to the changing of river channels and lack of sediment distributed to the sea.

Coastal characteristics of the study area can be divided into two types such as sandy beach and muddy beach. The sandy beach type can be found in the eastern part of the study area and in Pondok Bali. This is a typically an erosion shoreline with mud deposit of flood plain found in some places. The muddy beach type can be found along the Cipunegara delta where good mangrove growth acts as an accretion shoreline. The sea bottom sediments distribution in this area is also divided into two types such as muddy sediment which can be found almost in the whole of map area and sandy mud found only in some places. The bathymetric data shows that the sea bottom morphology is relatively low angle close to the river mouth of Cipunegara with some places nearly flat with the depth ranges between 2.5 m to 20 m.

Programme Contact Person: Kumala Hardjawidjaksana Marine Geological Institute, Energy and Mineral Resources Research and Development Agency Jl Dr. Junjunan 236 Bandung 40174, Indonesia Phone: +62-22-6032201, +62-22-6032020 ext. 133 Fax : +62-22-6017887, Mobile phone 0811224250; 08170224250. Email; [email protected]

5. GEO-HAZARDS PROGRAMME

5.1 Summary

Based on regulation and legislation in Indonesia, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources conducts a national policy rule for geological hazard mitigation operated by the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency. The main tasks of CVGHM are to conduct research, investigation and services of volcanological and geological hazard mitigation (volcanic eruption, earthquake, tsunami, landslide), issue early warnings of volcanic activities and landslides, disseminate geological hazard knowledge to local government and communities who live in the geological hazard zone, produce the geological hazard map for spatial planning, geological hazard mitigation & education, give


technical recommendations to the local government to undertake geological hazard mitigation efforts and evaluate research and services of volcanology and geological hazard mitigation.

The volcano hazard mitigation has involved monitoring such as seismic and

deformation monitoring on active volcanoes in order to understanding the stage of the activity and to provide a volcano early warning system. Instrumentation and methods of monitoring are always developed. In addition, volcano hazard zone mapping and inventory of potential locations for volcano tourism were also done.

Earthquake and tsunami mitigation has involved quick responses on earthquake and

tsunami disasters, mapping of earthquake and tsunami susceptibility, monitoring of earthquake from internet and other mass media, determination of active fault, mapping of ground amplification, investigation on tsunamigenic earthquakes, and also establishment of a database of destructive earthquake in Indonesia.

Digital maps concerning earthquake mitigation include maps of earthquake hazard

area in Bali, Yogyakarta, Sukabumi, and Lombok, NTB, map of tsunami hazard area in Banten and Lampung, also a database of destructive earthquake in Indonesia for period 1629 – 2008, were published.

The landslide program has conducted quick responses on landslide disasters, mapping

of landslide susceptibility, monitoring of landslides on the vital area, survey of landslide and slope stability on the vital road lane, landslide early warning system and also establishment of a database of destructive landslides in Indonesia.

Digital maps concerning landslide mitigation including landslide susceptibility map of

Indonesia, landslide susceptibility map of west Java, landslide susceptibility map of Centre Java Province, landslide susceptibility map of Situbondo, East Java Province, landslide susceptibility map of Turen, East Java Province and also the landslide susceptibility map of Kebumen, Central of Java Province were published.


5.2.1. Volcanos

Observation and analysis of seismic data from the analog recording with one vertical seismometer from Volcano Observatory is currently done in: Raung, Batur, Gamalama, Lewotolo, Sorik Marapi, and Dieng. In addition, deformation survey was applied in: Kelud, Kaba, Semeru, and Tandikat volcanoes. The purpose of monitoring is understanding the volcanic activities related to the volcano early warning system.

Volcano hazard map of Kelimutu, Lewotobi laki-laki, Lewotobi perempuan, Rokatenda, Dempo, Arjuno Welirang, Inelika, Inerie, and Kelut volcanoes and geological map of Sibayak and Banda Api volcano have been done. Survey and mapping of volcanos includes:

• Volcano Hazard Zone Mapping on Sumbing, Rajabasa, Ungaran, and Wurlali volcanoes.

• Volcano integrated observation on Tangkuban Parahu, Kaba, Colo, and Batur volcanoes.

• Volcano Geological Mapping on Wurlali and Blerang Briti volcanoes. • Study of self potential method on Merapi, Karangetang, Guntur, Talang, Lokon, and

Batur volcanoes.


• Study of Geochemical and Geophysic on Arjuno Welirang, Lewotolo, and Dempo volcanoes.

Improvement of volcano monitoring instrumentation such as the application of

microprocessor technology for the development of volcano monitoring, CO2 gas sampling and mapping methods was done at Iya, Dieng, Ambang, Talang, and Semeru.

During this period there were three volcanoes that erupted, namely Ibu, Talang, and

Karangetang volcanoes. Among the three volcanic eruptions, Ibu eruption was the largest and caused dozens of people to be evacuated.

5.2.2. Earthquakes

In the July 2009-June 2010 period there were 8 destructive earthquakes in Indonesia. Quick responses were carried out on Sumbawa Besar (West Nusa Tenggara), July 7, 2009, Mentawai (West Padang), August 16, 2009, and Tasikmalaya, September 2, 2009, West Sumatera, September 30, 2009, Jambi, October 1, 2009, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara November 9, 2009, Mamuju Utara, central of Sulawesi, June 16, 2010 and Serui, Papua, June 16, 2010 earthquakes. Recommendations were given to the local government concerning the ground acceleration of earthquakes and MMI mapping to determine the level of hazard area. Technical recommendations, especially on safe building and recovery development, were also introduced. Earthquake hazard mapping in Manokwari, West Papua, Yogyakarta, Jepara, centre of Java, Ciamis-Tasikmalaya, West Java, Lumajang, east of Java and Lampung was aimed too describe the stage of earthquake hazard based on geological features (morphology, lithology and structural geology), earthquake source zones and earthquake intensity using MMI scale (taken from historical destructive earthquake, calculation of ground acceleration and population distribution). Mapping of ground amplification in Seririt, Bali, Malang, East Java, Lumajang, east Java, Lampung, and Yogyakarta is to calculate how large wave amplitude is amplified in soft sediment.

The destructive earthquakes in Indonesia during July 2009-June 2010 are shown in

Table1, below.


Table1. Destructive earthquakes in Indonesia, July 2009 – June 2010.

No.

Name of earthquake

Date hapening

Epicenter (USGS)

Dpth Km

Mag Victim(fatal F),injured(I) F I Damage

Building 1 Sumbawa

Besar, West Nusa Tenggara

July 20, 2009

8.93°S - 117.75°E 21 5.6

SR

- - 2 light damage.

2 Mentawai, West of Sumatera

August 16, 2009

1.64°S - 99.12°E 32 6.9

SR

1 heavy damage

3 Tasikmalaya

Sept 2, 2009

7.81°S - 107.26°E 46.2

7.3 SR/ 7.0 Mw

81 142

• 47 people lost • 186.637 people evacuated • Triggered landslide • 67.760 heavy damage • 150.839 light damage

4 West Sumatera

Sept 30, 2009

0.84oS - 99.65oE 71 7.6

SR 1117

• Dozens damaged • Triggered landslide and liquefaction

5 Jambi Oct 1, 2009

2.52oS - 101.50oE 9 6.6

Mw 3 • 400 damaged

6 Bima, West Nusa Tenggara

Nov 9, 2009

8.24oS - 118.56oE 25 6.7

SR 2

105 • 5785 damaged • 119 infrastructure damage

7 Serui, Papua

June 16, 2010

2.03o S - 136.67oE 10 7.1

SR

17 2 3181 heavy damage, 996 light damage.

8

Mamuju Utara, Centre of Sulawesi

June 16, 2010

1.44°S-119.25 °E 10 5.3

SR

- - 89 heavy damage, 191 light damage, more than 8 other facilities damaged


5.2.3 Tsunami

During this period there were no tsunami reported. Activities in tsunami sector covered such as tsunami hazard mapping and investigations on tsunamigenic factors. Tsunami hazard mapping was located along the coastal area of Manokwari (West Papua), Majene (East Sulawesi), Bengkulu, and Jember (East Java), whereas investigation on tsunamigenic areas was located around Lombok Island (West Nusa Tenggara) and Sumba (East Nusa Tenggara).

Tsunami reports and hazard maps have been given to the local government concerning

the the tsunami hazard area based on the hazardous potential identified from coastal characteristics and tsunami modeling. Other technical recommendations have also been given to them in order to inform their their coastal management plan, especially for tsunami hazard mitigation purposes.

5.2.4 Landslides

The landslide program has conducted such activities as landslide susceptibility mapping which was conducted at 11 locations at 1: 100.000 in scale. Locations of landslide susceptibility mapping were:

1. Morowali, west Sulawesi Province 2. Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara Province 3. Curup, Bengkulu Province 4. Karanganyar, Central of Java 5. Tanatoraja, South Sulawesi 6. Kolaka Utara, Kendari 7. Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara 8. Lubuk Linggau, South Sumatera 9. Palu, Central of Sulawesi 10. Minahasa Tenggara 11. Enrekang, South Sulawesi

Landslide monitoring using geodetic method were carried out at 3 locations, these are:

1. Banjarmanggu Residen, Banjarnegara, Central of Java Province 2. Karangkobar road lane, Banjarnegara 3. Cipanas-Cianjur road lane Slope Stability and Landslide Survey were carried out at 4 locations, these are: 1. Punjung Island, West Sumatera 2. Palu Donggala, Center of Sulawesi 3. Kabanjae-Kutacane, North of Sumatera 4. Malalak-Maninjau, West of Sumatera

Quick response studies for landslide disasters were carried out at several areas in

Indonesia and recommendations given to the community and local government based on evaluation of landslide hazards.


Table 2. Landslide disaster in Indonesia, period July 1, 2009 - June 30, 2010.

5.2.5 Cooperation Cooperative research with other institutions on volcano and geological hazards mitigation:

Sakurajima Volcano Observatory (Kyoto University), DPRI. • Volcano monitoring in Guntur (West Java) and Talang (West Sumatera). • Exchanges of volcano experts to share and develop the capabilities of CVGHM

personels.

USGS, USA, installation of volcano equipment and volcano monitoring in North of Sulawesi.

AIFDR, Australia, Improvement of volcano monitoring instrumentation such as the application of microprocessor technology for the development of volcano monitoring in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara.

AIFDR, Australia, to increase advance knowledge of personnel through training and study abroad.

Krakatau Monitoring (KRAKMON). A multi parameter monitoring system will be installed (March, 2005) on the Krakatau volcano complex comprising broadband and short period seismometers, electromagnetic, gas chemical, thermal, deformation and weather monitoring.

Local Government.

Cooperation between CVGHM and local government, before, during and after the occurrence of geological disasters is focused on technical recommendations and socialization of geological hazard mitigation.


The future volcano hazard mitigation programs of CVGHM will be focused on

increasing the cooperation of research and investigation in monitoring volcano activity with Kyoto University, Disaster Prevention Research Institute (cq Sakurajima volcano observatory & Kyoto University) on Guntur and Talang.

The earthquake and tsunami mitigation programs will be focused on research and investigation of earthquake and tsunami hazard mapping, mapping of ground amplification, investigation on tsunamigenic, and post earthquake and tsunami investigation. Proposed location for this project are: Majene (West Sulawesi), North

Number

of

Event

Victim Damages

Died Injured Damaged

Buildings

Destroyed

Buildings

Threaten

Buildings

Damaged

Another

Buildings

Destroyed

Another

Buildings

Valley

(ha)

Road

(m)

Irrigation

(m)

1 583 152 2550 501 1698 59 15 267,7 1126 210


Sumatera, Palu (Central of Sulawesi), North Aceh, Tuban (East Java) Sorong (west Papua), Biak (West Papua), West Coast of North Sumatera, Manado (north Sulawesi), Sukabumi (West Java), Sibolga (North Sumatera), Gorontalo, Sungai Penuh (Jambi), Bengkulu, The project needs cooperation with research Institution from CCOP members.

The earthquake sector need seismic broadband station and deformation station arrays to investigate the active fault and seismic gap area. Tsunami mitigation project needs digital bathymetry and topography data in detail scale, gridded 0.5 Km every regency, detail run up points, tsunami source, financial support for Tsunami mapping, and software for tsunami modeling.

The future landslide mitigation programs needs cooperation with Research Institutions from CCOP members. The project proposed is landslide susceptibility mapping and slope stability and landslide survey also investigation of sedimentation and erosion. The sites proposed for the project will be in Sumba (East Nusa Tenggara), Kerinci (Jambi), Kupang (East Nusa tenggara), Atambua (East Nusa tenggara), Lahat (South Sumatera), Nagrek (Garut), Puncak (Cianjur), Karangkobar (Central of Java), Cipanas (Cianjur), Cisanggarung Hilir, Cirebon (West Java), Citandui Hilir, Ciamis (West Java).

Iinstrumentations and processing software assistances for the earthquake, tsunami and landslide, as the important tools in geological hazard mitigation, need to be completed.

The CVGHM also intend to increase advanced knowledge for personnel, concerning volcano and geological hazard mitigation, through training and study abroad that is supported by CCOP members.

5.4. Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities

To improve knowledge about volcanic eruption and geological hazard mitigation, also

relationship among CCOP members, need periodic activities with interaction or discussion such as workshops, national seminars about volcanic and geological hazard mitigation and also follow up such as experience, knowledge, and tsunami modeling program exchange.

5.5. Other Comments

Detail data, best software, and experts are the number one priority for mitigation. So

the closed relationship among CCOP members is needed in order to increase skill and knowledge of personnel.

Programme Contact Person: Dr Surono Head of Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazards Mitigation Jl Diponegoro 57. Bandung, Indonesia Phone: +62-22-727606 Fax: +62-22-7202761 Email: [email protected]


6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME

6.1. Summary

During the period of July 2009 to July 2010, the environmental geology activities covered environmental geological study for landuse planning and regional development, also environmental geology in some mining areas. The geological study for landuse planning and regional development was done in the autonomy regions or provinces where they have a high priority in development or the area that is indicated as having a high risk in change of geological environment. Environmental geology surveys in mining areas were done in areas where the presence of illegal mining and unreclaimed abandoned mines and quarries pose potential environmental problems. Another activity related to the environmental geology programme is the dissemination of environmental geological information to the provincial and regency governments.


• The environmental geological studies for landuse planning and regional development

activities were done in the autonomous regions or provinces where they have high priority in their development or the regions where a high risk in environmental damage is indicated. They include the areas in which there is landuse development and spatial planning undertaken without consideration of geological phenomena. The activities resulted in environmental geological maps, quaternary geological maps, neotectonic maps and reports of geology. In this fiscal year, this activity has been carried out in the provinces of Central Java, East Java, Bali, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Jambi, and Aceh.

• Environmental geology surveys in the mining areas were undertaken in North Sumatra, West Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Jambi, and West Nusatenggara. This activity results in some recommendations for spatial and landuse planning of abandoned mines and reclamation and rehabilitation of pits and quarries.


-Nothing to report- Programme Contact Person:

H. Danaryanto Geological Agency of Indonesia. Jl. Diponegoro 57 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Fax: +62-22-7206167 Phone : +62-22-7274705 Email ; [email protected]


GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEO-DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

7.1. Summary

Under the Geodata and Information Sector, the following activities were carried out during the review period:

a) participation in the Geological Museum book project b) development of geological information metadata c) Updating of geological maps using satellite imagery technique


7.2.1. Geological Museum Book Project

The CCOP book entitled “Geological Museums of East and Southeast Asia” is aimed to be published as a companion to the previously published “Geoheritage of East and Southeast Asia” book (published in November 2008). Both of the books ares attributed as a contribution of CCOP to the International Years of Planet Earth (IYPE) global environmental campaign to save the earth from worsening environmental degradation. The publication CCOP Geological Museums in East and Southeast Asia was polanned to be published for the 56th Steering Committee Meeting at Busan Korea, but due to certain circumstances, it has been rescheduled to be launched on the 57th CCOP Annual and 56th Steering Committee Meeting in October 2010 in Manado, Indonesia.

Concurrent with rapid development of geosciences and increasing public demand on

geological information to be used for many purposes, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) has developed some geological museums in several areas with specific and important geological heritage sites. These newly built thematic geological museums will complete the networking of existing Geological Museum of Indonesia in Bandung. The philosophical background to the decision to develop geological museums is an understanding that such museums will play an important role as an effective educational facility for the dissemination of geological information related to natural resources, environment and hazards.

Nowadays, there are eight museums that can be regarded as geological museum in

Indonesia, as follows: 1. Geological Museum of Indonesia in Bandung West Java 2. Ketep Volcano Museum in Magelang, Central Java 3. Batur Volcano Museum in Bangli, Bali 4. Merapi Volcano Museum in Sleman, Yogyakarta 5. Karst Museum in Wonogiri 6. Aceh Tsunami Museum, Banda Aceh, Nangroe Aceh Darusalam 7. Gawitra Oil and Gas Museum, Jakarta 8. Sangiran Geoarcheological Museum, Sragen, Central Java

The manuscript consisting of the description of these geological museums completed with related illustrations and maps has been edited by the assigned editors of the CCOP Technical Secretariat.


7.2.2. ASEAN Minerals Database A Senior Researcher from the Geological Agency attended the 10th ASEAN Senior

Official Meeting on Minerals (ASOMM X) in Bangkok, Thailand, on 1 to 5 March 2010, where the CCOP-TS presented some of the CCOP database application that could be also used by ASEAN member countries.

A small meeting with the delegation from AIST, Japan; DR. Koji Wakita and DR.

Tetsuji Ohno was held on 1 to 2 July 2010. The meeting discussed the willingness of AIST, Japan for enhancing the ASEAN Mineral Database Applications. The meeting agreed that Japan Could provide soft ware such as:

• Thesaurus; this software could be used to translate other letters or characters into the

Latin alphabet. • Supporting application for data transfer process from ASEAN member database to

the existing ASEAN Mineral Database application. • Providing basic map for GIS of ASEAN Mineral Distribution map.

To accelerate the development of ASEAN mineral Data collecting, Japan will carry

out socialization to ASEAN member Countries on the event of the Workshop on ASEAN Database Mineral Trade in Manado in October 2010. This Workshop will be parallel with the 47th CCOP Annual Session and 56th Steering Committee Meeting of the CCOP.

• Creating a data structure entry for Mineral Trade, Supply and Demand to be

incorporated in the ASEAN Mineral Database and Information System. • An "ASEAN Training and Workshop on Mineral Database Management" for 4 (four)

ASEAN member countries (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam) was conducted, with the participation of 8 delegates, on 12 to 23 July 2010, in Bandung. Several matters discussed were :

• The need to develop a thesaurus and translation facilities from some languages / letters into English / Latin alphabet.

• The need to develop data transfer applications with a uniform data format for ease of charging data.

• The country where the internet connection is not as fast as others can send data via email to Indonesia and then Indonesian will import the data into the application for further verification of each country via the internet.

• Each ASEAN country should sign the agreement about the person who will be responsible for filling out the data into the application (the person in charge on the ASEAN database).

• The need to develop a small application to convert the UTM coordinates system into the decimal degrees system.

• The delegates proposed a distributed server application to be placed in their respective countries which can be accessed locally.

• Conducting Workshop on National Geological Resources Data Management in Bali on 27 to 30 July 30, 2010, by inviting 23 local government of Mines and Energy in Indonesia except the Sumatra region.

• Development of database applications and sub database ASEAN which include mineral resources, import export trade, minerals and environmental legislation, company directory, research & development business directory, supply & demand data for the implementation of ASEAN Trade Mineral Database Workshop that is


scheduled to take place simultaneously with the activities of CCOP on October 2010 in Manado, Indonesia.

7.2.3. Seminar/Workshops, Mapping and Research, and Satellite Imagery

Interpretation Seminars/Workshops The Geological Agency have conducted several seminar/workshops related to oil and gas exploration and Geological Hazard Mitigation as follow: 1. South Sumatra Sedimentary Basin Assessment in cooperation with BP Migas (

Palembang, South Sumatera September 2009), 2. Oil and gas potential in Northern East Java Sedimentary Basin in cooperation with BP.

Migas (Surabaya, East Java, June 2010). 3. Seminar for Geological hazard mitigation in Padang (West Sumatra), Medan (North

Sumatra), Banda Aceh (NAD) and Mataram (West Nusa Tenggara). Geological mapping and Research 1. Geological mapping scale 1:50.000 in Southern Mountain Central Java. 2. Quaternary research and mapping in Northern Java Coastal Plain (Cirebon, West Java;

Pekalongan, Pemalang and Semarang, Central Java). 3. Basin sedimentation, oil and gas related research in the South Sumatra Basin,

Ketungau West Kalimantan Basin, Sengkang South Sulawesi Basin, Tanimbar Basin, Maluku.

Analyses of satellite imagery for geological map updating and database

Integrated IFSAR, SRTM, LANDSAT ETM 7, ASTER satellite imagery interpretation in Sulawesi, Maluku and Nusa Tenggara for geological map updating from 1:250.000 to 1:50.000 scale. Combination between IFSAR and SRTM data is useful to determine morphology and geological structure. These data are integrated with active satellite data acquisition (LANDSAT and ASTER) to be able to analyze lithological aspects. The geological map produced using satellite imagery analyses is controlled by secondary data research, conventional mapping and field checking. Using the above techniques, updating of the 1:250.000 geological map to more detail geological map at scale 1:50.000 can be done accurately. It is targeted to have 740 sheets completed for Sulawesi, Maluku, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara in 2010.

Programme Contact Person: Dr. Yunus Kusumahbrata Geological Agency of Indonesia Jl. Diponegoro No. 57 Bandung, West Java Indonesia Email: [email protected] Phone +62-22-7270087

CBM Program Indonesia_CR2010

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