CBE 417 “Unit Operations” 1 Instructor: David J. Dixon Chemical and Biological Engineering...
27
CBE 417 “Unit Operations” 1 Instructor: David J. Dixon Chemical and Biological Engineering Department South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Fall 2012
-
Upload
joy-hawkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
1
Transcript of CBE 417 “Unit Operations” 1 Instructor: David J. Dixon Chemical and Biological Engineering...
CBE 417“Unit Operations”
1
Instructor: David J. DixonChemical and Biological Engineering Department
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
Fall 2012
Overview
2
• Introduction• UO course overview• Equilibrium Stage separations• What are “Unit Operations”
Overview
3
• Introduction• Fulbright experience• ACHEMA June 2012
Overview
6
• Introduction• UO course overview• Equilibrium Stage separations• What are “Unit Operations”
Course Overview
7
Overview
9
• Introduction• UO course overview• Equilibrium Stage separations• What are “Unit Operations”
Why are separations important in an industrial facility?
Feedstocks are generally mixtures that are not particularly useful…so industrial facility (plant) is used to “add value” to the raw materials:
Example: (average USA prices on 28 Aug 2012) Crude oil ~$96/bbl (0.60 $/liter; 0.48 euro/liter)gasoline ~$3.78/gal (1.00 $/liter; 0.80 euro/liter)
Example: (average USA prices on 5 April 2010) Crude oil ~$86/bbl (0.54 $/liter; 0.40 euro/liter)gasoline ~$3.25/gal (0.86 $/liter; 0.64 euro/liter)
Typical Refinery Products
10
• Seader & Henley (2006)
Industrial Chemical Facility
11
Typical chemical facility might have 40 – 90% of costs invested in separations.
Recovery/Purification Cost vs Concentration
12
• Seader & Henley (2006)
Equilibrium Stage Separations
13
We could also consider some examples that are non-equilibrium systems; such as membrane and adsorption processes.
Technological Maturity
14
• Seader & Henley (2006)
Separations as Unit Operations
15
• Seader & Henley (2006; 2011)
Figure 1.15 and Table 1.13
Unit Operation
16
What is a “Unit Operation”?
• while the chemicals being separated might be different, the specific technique used has generally the same design methods
• i.e. a distillation column separating ethanol from water is designed in the same general manner as a distillation column separating toluene from xylene.
• Examples of techniques generally called unit operations include:• Distillation• Absorption• Liquid-liquid extraction• Heat exchanger• Etc…
Choosing a Unit Operation
17
How does one choose a UO? i.e. ethanol from water separation
• Distillation• Adsorption• Crystallization• L-L extraction• Pervaporation• Absorption
• Seader & Henley (2006)
Separations as Unit Operations
18
• Seader & Henley (2006)
19• Seader & Henley (2006)
20
• Seader & Henley (2006)
21
• Seader & Henley (2006)
22
• Seader & Henley (2006)
23
• Seader & Henley (2006)
24
• Seader & Henley (2006)
Today’s Process Engineering
25
Today, most of major unit operations are built into a process simulator and used extensively within the industry. For example:- Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.
Overview
26
• Introduction• UO course overview• Equilibrium Stage separations• What are “Unit Operations”
Questions?
27
