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16

"National needs for biodiversity conservation"

Proceedings of the workshop held in the Scientific Arab Heritage

Institute, Aleppo 2-3 April 2002

The workshop was organized under the patronage of H.E. the Minister of

Environment, who was represented by Dr. Mohiddine Issa, National

Coordinator for Biodiversity, Deputy Minister of Higher Education, who

opened the workshop.

The Resident Representative of UNDP was represented by Eng. AbirZeno and the President of Aleppo University was represented by Dr.Mahmood Karroum Vice President of the University .The opening

cession was addressed with speaches from Dr. Issa, Dr. Karroum and

Eng. Abir Zeno.

The national consultants presented their reports on the assessment ofnational capacities on conservation of biodiversity components.

These were according the attached program:l - National needs for the conservation of biodiversity in the forests

and reforested areas by Dr. Riad Lahham from the Directorate ofForestry.

2- National needs for the conservation of wild life in Syria by Dr.

Darem Tabbaa, Professor at the University of Baath.

3- National needs for the conservation of biodiversity in the Badyaand arid lands by Dr. Mowaffak Sheich Ali from ACSAD.

4- National needs for biodiversity conservation of shore and marinelife by Dr. Amir Ibrahim Director of Marine Research.

5- National needs for biodiversity conservation of wetland in Syria by

Dr. Issam Kroma ,}lead of Fishery Department in the Ministry of

Agriculture.

6- Legislation needs for the conservation of biodiversity by KhalifaMunif Specialized in State property rights.

7- Socio - economic aspects of the establishment of protected areasby Eng. Imad Hassoun from the Ministry of Environment.

8- The role of seed banks, gene fields, botanical gardens and zoos in

the conservation of biodiversity by Dr. Walid al Tawil from theDirectorate of Agricultural Research.

18

After the discussions of these presentations, the participants were

organized in five working groups to discuss the recommendations .Thesewere:

1- Working Group on the national needs for the conservation of freshwater and marine biodiversity .The discussions were animated byDr. Issam Kroma.

2- Working Group on the national needs for the conservation ofbiodiversity in forests and reforested areas .The discussions wereanimated by Dr. Riad Lahham.

3- Working Group on the national needs for the conservation ofbiodiversity in Badiya and arid lands. The discussions were animatedby Eng. Tamir Hamid Director of Badiya in the Ministry ofAgriculture.

4- Working Group on the Socio - economic needs of the

establishment of protected areas. The discussions were animated byMr. Khalifa Monif.

5- Working Group on the national needs for the conservation of wild

life in Syria, The discussions were animated by Dr. Darem Tabbaa

1- National needs for biodiversity conservation of biologicalResources in Forests and Reforested Areas:

Training:

1- There is a need for Ph .D specialities in the following fields:* Conservation of forests biodiversity*Protected areas management.

*Taxonomy.*Forestry ecosystems.*Forestry management*Non - Wood products of the forest.

2- It is preferable to appoint graduates of the faculties ofagriculture in (forestry and environment engineers )indifferent offices of the Directorate of Forestry.

3-Organize training courses in forest management in cooperation with

universities and national, regional and international organizations for

staff of Forestry Department.3- Support exchange of experience at Arab and International

Level.

Biodiversi_ Research:1- Complement the specialities in the Directorate of Forestry

with different taxonomy specialities.2- Support forestry research with appropriate equipment.

19

3- Establishment of a biotechnology laboratory ( tissue culture

, DNA sequencing ).

4- Establishment of a phytotrone.5- Establishment of a genebank for forests.6- Upgrade information exchange with a detailed plan for

forest management including biodiversity management.7- Upgrade watch towers and fire fighters with:

*5 watch towers fully equipped for watching and fire alarm and fireextinguishers.

*5 fire fighters fully equipped.8-support ecotourism in forest areas to ensure economic developmentof villages in the forest.

2-National needs for the conservation of wild life

1- Biodiversity Institution: The opening of protected areas andthe forests to grazing in the year 1998 was a great loss of theefforts of conservation in the last ten years. This incident showsthe need for decision maker awareness that conservation needs

is a sustainable process of resources and can not in any way beregained if lost.

2- There is a need for a national policy of conservation supportedby an appropriate legislation and institutional frame work.

3- Open grazing wich substituted tribal exploitation of the Badyahas failed in conserving range lands resources .The naturalresources of the Badya have been over used as a result ofpopulation increase and augmentation of needs. There are manytechnical staff and trained officers but they have no role to playas a result of the present institution Although hunting is banned

several years ago ,we see that Arab and Syrian hunters abound

in Syria without any regulation of hunting season or species ofprey.

4- water resources over use is causing a real problem for the wild

life in the rivers, lakes, and wetlands .The following

recommendations were adopted:

*Range management has to aim to sustainable use, allowing regenerationand conservation of resources.

*A national policy on family planning, and planning of sheep numbers

grazing in the Badiya.

*Training of range staff for the management of protected areas andconservation of biological resources.

2O

*Management of hunting pennits for outsiders in coordination with theMinistry of Interior and Local Administration and restriction of preyspecies and time of hunting.

*Management of drilling wells and the use of underground water

resources, especially with limited recharge.

*Establishment of a net work of protected areas covering differentecosystems in the Badiya and documentation of biodiversity componentsin each protected areas to establish a monitoring system of the state ofbiological resources. The necessary budget for these activities need to beallocated nationally or through grants from financial agents.

5- Impact assessment has to take biological resources inconsideration for each development project of dams andwetland reclamation.

6- Biodiversity conservation need appropriate legislation, training

and Specialities in plant taxonomy ,animal taxonomy and

ecological range management and wild life.It needs also a special institutional framework and equipment forprotected areas and biodiversity conservation.

3-National needs for the conservation of marine biodiversityInstitutions and Specialities:

1-Training and specialists on marine life lomas and ecosystems.2- Training and specialists on monitoring the state of marine life.3-Establishment of taxonomic keys for all groups of biodiversity.4-Establishment of a special technical dictionary so that all uses the samelanguage.

5-Establishment of a specialist guide for marine biology.6-Participation in workshops and conferences at Arab and internationallevel.

7-Upgrading technical level of staff continuously.Equipment:

1- Equipment of guard station on the shore with the necessarymeans for watching and monitoring.

2- Equipment of harbors and other settlements with pollutiontreatment units especially against petroleum pollution and thesewage treatment in all urban and recreation sites.

3- Establishment ofbiotech labs and ex situ conservation facilities

and chemical analysis for biosafety established in the Ministryof Higher Education.

4-Establishment of natural history musea ,aquariums and fairs.

21

5- Establishment of a data bank on biodiversity in Syria andavailability of access through internet.

6- Establishment of an Arab library on biodiversity to cover thelack of information.

Scientific Research:

l- Special attention has to be given to invertebrates and Micro-organisms.

2- Sustainability of ecosystem an life reserves in the water bodies and

the development of management and sustainable use of biologicalresources.

3- Establishment of distribution map of important species in Syrianwater and indictator species.

4- Publishing a special periodical on water environment and waterbodies in Syria.

Protected Areas

1- Establishment of the protected areas "Raas Ben Hani "to play arole in the conservation of biodiversity and its management withtrained staff and equipment.

2- Finalize the establishment of"Um el Toyour" protected area forthe protection of rare and endangered species.

3- Establishment of other protected areas in: Jone Jableh for theprotection of sea turtles and other character species and .South ofArwad for the protection of sea sponge.

4- These protected areas are a starting point for the protection of thewhole Syria coast.

5- Restoration of marine ecosystems and reestablishment of differentendangered species.

4-Institutional and Legislation Needs1- Establishment of a special department for biodiversity

conservation and environmental safety in each of the

directorates off (1)- Agriculture, (2)-Environment (3)- Tourism

in each Governorates of the country, as well as in the

Directorate of Harbors and different peoples organizations:

Woman Union, Student Union, Youth Organization and

Farmers Union. The objective of this department is to follow upthe measures of biodiversity conservation and coordination withthe Directorate of Biodiversity in the Ministry of Environment.

2- Enforcement of law on the conservation of biological resourcesand complement suitable legislation.

3- Ratification of environmental law

4- Establishment of a special legislation for the protection ofpublic waters.

22

5- Establishment of a national contingency plan for accidentalpetroleum pollution.

6- Application of impact assessment of development projects onbiodiversity.

7- Signature and ratification of the following conventions:United Nations Convention on the protection of fishreserves.

Way of Conduct in of hunting United Nations.National Plan:

1-National plan for monitoring biodiversity and updating each five years.2- Stop urbanization along the shore and protect it from pollution.3- Integrated development of the shore.

Puplic Awareness:1- Support Puplic awareness on all components of biodiversity and

not only components of economic importance.

2- Support NGOs and other organizations, which work on Puplicawareness.

3- Support different media activities concerning biodiversitypublic awareness.

4- Support exchange of information at local level, Arab level andinternational level.

5-National Needs on Ex-sitn Conservation1- Human resources:

- Post graduate studies and research (MSC,PhD) in plant and animal

taxonomy, in situ and ex-stin conservation, biotechnology, genetic

engineering, medicinal plants ,plant genetic resources.

-Training present staff in the upmentioned specialities.

Participation in different workshops, conferences andother scientific activities.

- Scientific bibliography and internet services.Development of a monitoring system depending onGIS and RS for important genetic resources.Research program on genetic maps of importantvarieties and strains of plants and animals endemic inSyria for a better conservation of these resources.

Establishment of a national botanic garden.Establishment of a national zoo.

Establishment of a national data bank on biodiversity.

23

6-Legislation National Needs-There is an urgent need for the ratification of the national environmental

law, Which was submitted to the parliament by the Ministry ofEnvironment.

- The law on the conservation of plant and animal genetic resourcesand their exchange and sustainable use is a national need to beestablishment and ratified.

-Main changes and update of national legislation include the following:1- Policies on biodiversit w and protected areas:

There is a national need for a special legislation for conservation ofbiodiversity and sustainable use of biological resources.

2- protected areas management:There is a national need for coordination among different National parties

concerned with protected areas at local level or national level (Ministry of

Agriculture_ Environment and Irrigation)

Another national need is the definition of Advisory Institutions like

Supreme Council on Reforestation, General Organization on

Environment, Supreme Council on Environment Safety, Center ofScientific and Environment resources.

3- protected areas planning:There is a national need for a survey of protected areas together at the

stage of declared, proposed or suggested areas in one or more studies.

A national plan for protected area management is also a national priority.

Population Participation:

The role of local administration in protected areas establishment and thebiological resources conservation has to be activated. This will ensurethe participation of people in conservation and sustainable use ofbiological resources.

Impact Assessment of development:

There is a national need for considering the impact of mining, roads

construction, factories and solid wastes on biodiversity. This has to

include all development projects.

24

Eco-tourism:

The development of Eco-tourism as an alternative livelihood for peoplearound protected areas has to be considered. This has to be designed withutmost care for the sake of biodiversity conservation.

Country Side development:

Income generating projects in the field of apiculture, silk worm, Eco-

tourism ,fruit trees, water harvesting are essential in the development of

protected areas and biodiversity conservation. Poverty eradication is a

first step to preserve the natural resources including biodiversity.

Public Awareness:

Extension services and public awareness are essential for the maintenance

of protected areas. This has to include school education, use of different

media and training.

Biosafety:

The integrated pest management and the right use of fertilizers is essentialfor biodiversity conservation and protected areas maintenance. Alien

species have to be kept with utmost care out protected areas and nationalbiological resources.

7- Socio -:Economic Needs

All protected areas in Syria have settlements in and around them to a

degree. The activities of grazing agriculture expansion, fuel cutting, food

and medicinal plants collection, hunting and hazard recreation are

activities which affect protected areas and biodiversity. There is anurgent need for income generating projects for these people to cooperate

in protected areas management and biodiversity conservation.

25

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Sphenopus divaricatus., Juncus martimus,postii

58

Achillea, Haloxylon articulatum,Atriplex palaestina t _ a_>.__:alfragrantissima

:_1_,_1,_ll;l.,._.L,.af_..¢_._13t_.! t"' "_%,a_,.aY,_,;',P,_lc.,L,.--_b"'

59

_. ._-_ Carex stenophylla- Haloxylon articulatum._.=?J.' l _OA¢..'I _.-_..-*

Salsola_ :ilU _..¢ _.*_ Noaea mucronata- Poa bulbosa '.L_U._._vermiculata- Poa bulbosa

Artemisia .L_U_;,_,,llL**.-. ,L_ 0_ O_ _I 13,_ _._. :_2_ _

Noaea mucronata- Poal :_IU_;.-._L:'.'* ' herba alba-Poa bulbosabulbosa

:'_ :_:'.t.¢l_,_? _1__ _t._

b,z_. _I:_ _¢1___Artemisiaherba alba- Poa bulbosa _1¢ .._l_. ·

O_ ;;_II_ Noaea mucronata- __ .'*_UPoa sinaica .j,_b ,.,Il_ :_I_b'

Herniaria 11_ ._ L__ Carex stenophylla ¢- :-',IUHaloxylon

Micropus Iongifofius _ ,,_.__ A_L ;:__t_.__ hemestemon

_31 :_IU Sisymbrium bfiobum s_L-_U Hefianthemum saficifolium

- Haloxylon articulatum Poa bulbosa _;. _:_ '.b_UoF¢.'I_. ·

._.., t ..,I_0_¢._.al :_¢ L¢_ 2:,,,_:Carex stenophylla _,¢_'1 :_._ _,

Astragalus ¢L-,_U Torularia torulosa j ..,-!UPlantago ovata

Schismus arabica :_t._._1_._.,._Adonis dentata "..W_-_Utribuloides

· Cratocephalus falcatus _,.t,_U Malva egyptica _3.t¢31_

Carex stenophylla- Haloxylon articulatum : ._=,_.' U ¢Z,.:',I___,:* ·

1 ',L¢_,i_Noaea mucronata _.,_U Poa bulbosa _..,...:_1.tel _.._

.Ixiolarionpallasii O'_L_¢t¢Allium sp. _.1 _1 _

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.Artemisiascoparia¢._*_..,__ leucoclada

Poa sinaica_I'¥ .,111:_1I1_ '_,_1_16 .u__._ _,,.__J.I _',_ ._ _:_1___'¥_

._? ._,11) ¢U:_1_Sfipabarbata___l e:_l_Carex stenophylla_5_1_

.Hordeumbulbosum( i._,ll

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.Eremopyrumconfusum

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61

I:_,_UFilago desertum :_ ',,t-_ j Gymnorrhena micrantha

·Trifolium_t _i 3 Torulada tirulosa' L_U Plantago albicans

Artemisia _s ._? - C.: ,_,11t_ _',-* . Artemisia herba-alba. C..,,t,ll C"":'"

Haloxylon L.__,dl-O;_j_ll_*_:* .herba-alba - Achfilea fragrantissima

Artemisia _1_ ,_,,-C; ,',,_tL *": * .articulatum - Sa/sola vermiculata

Haloxylon O_ _:',ll- C.: ,t,ll C. *',-_. herba-alba -A.hausskenchtii

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Ephedra alata _1 - C;,t,ll C_,:.. Salsola vermiculata - leucoclada

- Salsola vermiculata,___l - e;-.?l · _',-_.Artemisia herba-alba -g. ·

Achillea fragrantissima

· Achillea fragrantissima - Atriplex leucoclada ,_.¢1- e.¢,_.._l__**t

Achillea - Haloxylon articulatum O¢ 'ufil- _ L_'Q__ _' _

- Atriplex leucoclada j__._ - _j_¢l - e:L_:_1_ .fragrantissima

-___ y, ll- .,-,_II _*',:* Achillea fragrantissima-Salsola vermiculata

Achillea - Haloxylon articulatum -Artemisia scoparia ¢._ ,_

·fragrantissiam

62

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Total TypeProject Project Loan ApprovaName Cost Numb Project Status Date

(USD erMillion

Badia

Ran,qelands 104.92 Agricultural Ongoing 23-Apr-98Developme Developmentnt ProiectCoastal/Mi

dlands Agricultural Ongoing 06-Dec-95Agricultural 117.20Developme Developmenlnt ProjectJebel alHossAgricultural 29.02 8.25 Agricultural Ongoing 06-Sep-94Developme Developmenlnt ProjectSouthern

Regional

Agricultural 42.33 12.60 1-311- AgriculturalDevelopme SY Developmenl Closed 09-Sep-92nt Project -Phase IISouthern

Regional 1-95- Agricultural Closed 31-Mar-82Agricultural 36.64 7.55 SY DevelopmentDevelopment Project5 projectsforatotal 330.11 57.00of:

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