Causes of the Civil War. **Missouri Compromise** US in 1819: 11 Free & 11 slave states Conflict:...
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Transcript of Causes of the Civil War. **Missouri Compromise** US in 1819: 11 Free & 11 slave states Conflict:...
Causes of the Civil War
**Missouri Compromise**
US in 1819: 11 Free & 11 slave states Conflict: Admission of Missouri
would upset the balance Solution: Missouri
Compromise ME=Free MO=Slave 36º30’ = N--> Free S--> Slave
A Divided Nation
Both North & South were equal when constitution was passed By 1850’s both developed differently
North: ______________________ South:______________________
Slavery in the Territories
1846: Wilmot Proviso David Wilmot Outlawed slavery in all land acquired from Mexico
CA, Utah & Mexico= no slavery
Wilmont Proviso
Not passed… why? Declared unconstitutional b/c slaves were
property Property was protected by constitution
The US in 1849
15 free states & 15 slave states Sept- Nov 1849: CA held constitutional
convention Applied for admission to the union
CA’s constitution forbid slavery Many southerners though MO Compromise would
protect CA from being free state
CA Statehood
President Zachary Taylor Owned slaves Thought CA should be free
Terrain did not suit slavery South began to question if they should remain in
Union Question of CA statehood topped Congress’
agenda in 1849
Compromise of 1850
CA= free UT/NM: use Stephen Douglas’s idea of
Popular Sovereignty No buying or selling of slaves in DC Fugitive Slave Law
Fugitive Slave Law
All runaway slaves must be returned to masters Fined/ jailed for helping
slaves Fugitives were not
entitled to a trial by jury
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Published in 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe
Exposed the reality of slave life More people became
abolitionists
Underground Railroad
A system that helped slaves escape to the North or into Canada Along the way
slaves hid in houses, secret tunnels & false cupboards
US in 1854 _______ free states &
______ slave states Stephen Douglas
Wanted to organize the territory west of Iowa & Missouri
Motives: Wanted a R&R from
Chicago to San Francisco
Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854
Divide into two territories, Kansas & Nebraska Would repeal the MO Compromise Establish popular sovereignty in both territories
“Bleeding Kansas” Series of riots & rebellions
broke out all over Kansas due to slavery issue/elections Sack of Lawrence Pottawatomie Massacre
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery Missourians
)
Violence in the Senate
Charles Sumner verbally attacked supporters of slavery Especially Andrew
Butler, SC Butler’s cousin:
Preston S. Brooks, SC, defended him by beating Sumner
1856 Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Know-Nothing
Election of 1856
Dred Scott v Sanford, 1857
Slave in MO Moved to IL with owner then
WI, both free Sued for his freedom
Dred Scott: Decision
Dred Scott vs. Sanford –1857 The Supreme Court Decision
African Americans, both free and slave were not American citizens, therefore, they could not sue in federal court.
The Missouri Compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska Act were found unconstitutional, they violated the 5th Amendment (Congress had no power to deprive anyone of property)
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1858
Lincoln- Douglas Debates
1858: Senate race in IL Democrat: Stephen Douglas
Strong believer in popular sovereignty Republican: Abraham Lincoln
Thought slavery was morally “evil” Douglas defeated Lincoln for the Senate seat
Split the Democratic party along sectional lines
John Brown’s Raid- 1859
Harpers Ferry – John Brown, led a rebellion at Harpers Ferry (federal arsenal in Virginia)
seized the weapons and waited for slaves to join in the rebellion
Rebellion failed Brown was captured by Robert E. Lee Hanged on Dec. 2, 1859
1860 Election
Abraham Lincoln Republican
Stephen DouglasDemocrat
John BellConstitutional Union
John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat
1860: Election Results
Crittenden Compromise
Written to keep the South in the Union Protected slavery South of MO Compromise Line Didn’t allow congress to outlaw slavery in DC Northerners would pay Southerners for
unreturned slaves South REJECTED
Secession
South Carolina led the way- Dec. 20, 1860 One by one the southern states seceded They formed the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis was elected President
Secession!
South Carolina: December 20, 1860