Road to World War ICauses

Causes of World War I

-M

A

N

I

A

ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war

lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another

ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country

mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically

ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

MANIA

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures

France 10%Britain 13%Russia 39%

Germany 73%

Causes of World War I - MilitarismTotal Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers (Germany, Austria-

Hungary, Italy, France, Britain, Russia) in millions of £s (British pounds)

Triple Entente:Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:Triple Alliance:

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Italy

Great Britain

France

Russia

Causes of World War I - Alliances

Tension

Pan-Germanism  - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries

Austria *

Belgium

Denmark

Iceland

Germany *

Liechtenstein *

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Norway

Sweden

Switzerland *

United Kingdom * = German speaking country

Germanic Countries

Causes of World War I - Nationalism

Pan-Slavism  - movement to unify all of the Slavic people

Causes of World War I - Nationalism

http://home.uchicago.edu/~vfalbrit/wckeywords_clip_image002_0002.jpg

http://www.assumption.edu/users/mcclymer/His130/P-H/burden/mapimperialismafrica.jpg

http://www.halgal.com/graphics/PUR/Eurethnic.jpg

Causes of World War I - Imperialism

Causes of World War I - Imperialism

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie Sarajevo, Bosnia - June 28th, 1914.

Causes of World War I - Assassination

Causes of World War I - Assassination

Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

Causes of World War I - Assassination

Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Causes of World War I - Assassination

The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.

Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.· example of Pan-German nationalism

Russia pledged their support for Serbia.· example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Germany declares war on Russia.

France pledges their support for Russia.

Germany declares war on France.

Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.

Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

World War IWorld War I

Allied Powers:Allied Powers: Central Powers:Central Powers:

Great Britain

France

Russia

Italy

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire

Great Britain◦ King George V

France Russia

◦ Czar Nicholas Germany

◦ Kaiser Wilhelm Austria/Hungary

Ottoman

Italy

Players

Austria-Hungary, unsatisfied with Serbia's response to her ultimatum (which in the event was almost entirely placatory: however her jibbing over a couple of minor clauses gave Austria-Hungary her sought-after cue) declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914.

Russia, bound by treaty to Serbia, announced mobilization of its vast army in her defense, a slow process that would take around six weeks to complete.

Germany, allied to Austria-Hungary by treaty, viewed the Russian mobilization as an act of war against Austria-Hungary, and after scant warning declared war on Russia on 1 August.

France, bound by treaty to Russia, found itself at war against Germany and, by extension, on Austria-Hungary following a German declaration on 3 August.  Germany was swift in invading neutral Belgium so as to reach Paris by the shortest possible route.

Britain, allied to France by a more loosely worded treaty which placed a "moral obligation" upon her to defend France, declared war against Germany on 4 August.  Her reason for entering the conflict lay in another direction: she was obligated to defend neutral Belgium by the terms of a 75-year old treaty.  With Germany's invasion of Belgium on 4 August, and the Belgian King's appeal to Britain for assistance, Britain committed herself to Belgium's defense later that day.  Like France, she was by extension also at war with Austria-Hungary.

Japan, honoring a military agreement with Britain, declared war on Germany on 23 August 1914.  Two days later Austria-Hungary responded by declaring war on Japan.

Italy, although allied to both Germany and Austria-Hungary, was able to avoid entering the fray by citing a clause enabling it to evade its obligations to both.  In short, Italy was committed to defend Germany and Austria-Hungary only in the event of a 'defensive' war; arguing that their actions were 'offensive' she declared instead a policy of neutrality.  The following year, in May 1915, she finally joined the conflict by siding with the Allies against her two former allies