CATALYST The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently. Answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. Are mutations beneficial or harmful to humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit into our discussion on mutations? TIME REMAINING: 7:00 MINUTES CATALYST The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently. Answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. Are mutations beneficial or harmful to humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit into our discussion on mutations? TIME REMAINING: 6:00 MINUTES CATALYST The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently. Answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. Are mutations beneficial or harmful to humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit into our discussion on mutations? TIME REMAINING: 5:00 MINUTES CATALYST The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently. Answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. Are mutations beneficial or harmful to humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit into our discussion on mutations? TIME REMAINING: 4:00 MINUTES CATALYST The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently. Answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. Are mutations beneficial or harmful to humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit into our discussion on mutations? TIME REMAINING: 3:00 MINUTES CATALYST The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently. Answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. Are mutations beneficial or harmful to humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit into our discussion on mutations? TIME REMAINING: 2:00 MINUTES CATALYST The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently. Answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. Are mutations beneficial or harmful to humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit into our discussion on mutations? TIME REMAINING: 1:00 MINUTES Silently and on your own, complete the task below When you are finished, put your pencil down and look up. Remain silent to allow others to finish. Answer the following questions : 2.Mutations in cells could lead to improper cell function genetic disease cancer all the above During transcription, an extra cytosine was placed in a gene region, throwing off the correct amino acid sequence. What type of mutation occurred? nonsense mutation substitution frameshift translocation CATALYST Time Remaining 2:00 Minutes Silently and on your own, complete the task below When you are finished, put your pencil down and look up. Remain silent to allow others to finish. Answer the following questions : 2.Mutations in cells could lead to improper cell function genetic disease cancer all the above During transcription, an extra cytosine was placed in a gene region, throwing off the correct amino acid sequence. What type of mutation occurred? nonsense mutation substitution frameshift translocation CATALYST Time Remaining 1:00 Minutes CATALYST The CATALYST is to be done independently and silently. Answer the following questions in your notebook: 1. Are mutations beneficial or harmful to humans? What is cancer? How does cancer fit into our discussion on mutations? Silently and on your own, complete the task below When you are finished, put your pencil down and look up. Remain silent to allow others to finish. Answer the following questions : 2.Mutations in cells could lead to improper cell function genetic disease cancer all the above During transcription, an extra cytosine was placed in a gene region, throwing off the correct amino acid sequence. What type of mutation occurred? nonsense mutation substitution frameshift translocation CATALYST DNAmRNA proteins transcription translation Central Dogma Recap Transcribe DNA to mRNA, then translate the mRNA strand to an amino acid sequence ATCGAA GGCATA CTAGCA TTCAGG AGTCAT UAGCUU CCGUAU GAUCGU AAGUCC UCAGUA Central Dogma Recap Codon charts show amino acids produced from mRNA Mutations Recap GENE MUTATIONS Point Mutation/Substitution Mutation Silent Mutation Missense Mutation Nonsense Mutation Frameshift Mutation Addition Deletion Mutations Recap GENE MUTATIONS Point Mutation/Substitution Mutation Silent Mutation: amino acid stays the same Missense Mutation: amino acid changes to a different amino acid Nonsense Mutation: amino acid changes to a STOP codon Frameshift Mutation Addition: nucleotide added Deletion: nucleotide deleted MIND CONTROL? 21st Century Medicine Genetic Engineering Stem Cells Gene Therapy Neuroscience Neurolaw Electronics (prosthetics and consumer products) Impact of genomics on individuals and societies How does genetics affect our lives? Genomics and Biotechnology Genetics can tell us. If we will get a disease Who committed a crime Who fathered a baby If you had a genetic disease, would you want to know? Ethics Human Genome Project Gene: sequence of DNA that codes for a protein Humans have about 25,000 genes Genes are on chromosomes. Human Genome Project Genome: an organisms ENTIRE sequence of base pairs (A, T, C & Gs) Humans have 3 BILLION base pairs in their genome Genes code for diseases. If we could read peoples genes, we could predict if they would get a disease BUT we have to know what normal genes look like The answer? Human Genome Project Human Genome Project identified all the genes in human DNA know if somebody has a genetic disease treat genetic diseases by inserting genes into a persons genome (called gene therapy) Human genome project helps us: Can you think of any problems with the human genome project? Electrophoresis Genes can tell us who committed a crime REMEMBER: everybody has their own DNA sequence Electrophoresis Electrophoresis is used to tell who committed a crime or fathered a baby (paternity) Restriction enzymes: molecular scissors that cut DNA ONLY at certain places. Gel electrophoresis: Step 1) cut DNA with restriction enzymes. Step 2) separate DNA using electricity (smallest pieces move furthest) Electrophoresis The DNA of the crime scene matches the DNA of the criminal Electrophoresis To solve gel electrophoresis problems: 1)Find the DNA sample to match Draw lines across for all of the bands Find the other DNA sample that matches the first sample Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering: adding genes from another organism Plants or animals that have genes from two different organisms (because of genetic engineering) are called transgenic. Genetic Engineering + Bacteria can be engineered to produce insulin (protein needed to treat diabetes) Plants can be engineered to be resistant to diseases and pests Cloning = make exact copies of organisms Scientists have cloned a sheep Exit Ticket What is a genome? A list of chromosome mutations B entire DNA sequence of an organism C strand of DNA D list of synthesized proteins What is genetic engineering? What is the Human Genome Project? What is Gel Electrophoresis? Which pieces move the furthest in gel electrophoresis? The smallest or largest?