Semester 2 Table of Contents

8. Lesson 64- Notebook Check/Article Pg. 23-24

9. Lesson 65- Speciation Pg. 25-2810. Lesson 66- Fossils Pg. 29-32

Assigned Vocabulary- Due 2/1420. Index Fossil

Vocabulary Due TODAY13. Genetic Drift14. Founder’s Effect15. Bottleneck Effect16. Speciation17. Reproductive Isolation18. Temporal Isolation19. Geographic Isolation

Catalyst #8Pg. 29

Justify your answer in complete sentences

Announcements

• Vocabulary Due: Friday• Evolution Quiz #3- Friday• Unit Exam: 2/21, Next Friday

Get Ready for Notes: Pg. 30-31

• Title: Fossils

 I. The Fossil Record (12.1) 

A. Fossils can form in several ways

1. Permineralization- minerals carried by water are deposited around or replace the hard structure 

Petrified wood

2. Natural casts- form when flowing water removes all of original bones, leaving impression in sediment. Minerals fill in the mold 

Archaeopteryx

3. Trace fossils- record activity of organism. Include nests, burrows, imprints of leaves, and footprints

4. Amber-preserved fossils- organisms trapped in tree resin that hardens into amber 

5. Preserved remains- form when entire organism becomes encased in material such as ice, volcanic ash, or immersed in bogs. 

B. Most fossils form in sedimentary rock1. Most common fossils result from permineralization2. Best environments for fossilization include wetlands, bogs, rivers, lakebeds, and floodplains

C. Only 1 percentage of living things become fossils 

Think and Share: Why are so few complete fossils discovered?

How to get into the fossil record

Organism Dies

Covered Decomposed Destroyed

FossilizedDestroyed

Destroyed Stays Buried DISCOVERED!

 II. The Geologic Time Scale (12.2)  A. Index fossils are another tool to determine

the age of rock layers.

1. Index fossils- organisms that existed only during specific spans of time over large geographic area2. Estimate age of rock layers by fossils they contain

B. The geologic time scale organizes Earth’s history  1. Geologic time scale- representation of the history of Earth

a. Organizes by major changes or events

b. Uses evidence from fossil and geologic records

2. Divided into three basic units of time

a. Eras- lasts tens to hundreds of millions of years.

1). Separated by periods of mass extinction

b. Periods- most common used units. Lasts tens of millions of years

c. Epochs-smallest units

 

V. Radiation of Multicellular Life (12.5)A. One of most important transitions in history of life

1. First appeared during Paleozoic era (544 million years ago)

2. Huge diversity of animal species evolved

a. At first all life was found in ocean

 b. Eventually life moved onto land

c. Dead remains of organisms from this era changed into coal and petroleum

3. Paleozoic Era ended with mass extinction

B. Reptiles radiated during the Mesozoic era.1. Age of reptiles2. First mammals appeared3. Era ended with mass extinction caused by meteorite impact

C. Mammals radiated during the Cenozoic era 

Most fossils form in

a. peat bogs.

b. tar pits.

c. sedimentary rock.

d. the sap of ancient trees.

Most fossils form in

a. peat bogs.

b. tar pits.

c. sedimentary rock.d. the sap of ancient trees.

The levels of division of the geologic time scale, from smallest to largest are

a. eras, periods, and epochs.

b. epochs, periods, and eras.

c. periods, eras, and epochs.

d. periods, epochs, and eras.

The levels of division of the geologic time scale, from smallest to largest are

a. eras, periods, and epochs.

b. epochs, periods, and eras.c. periods, eras, and epochs.

d. periods, epochs, and eras.

The Mesozoic is often called the Age of

a. Invertebrates.

b. Vertebrates.

c. Dinosaurs.

d. Mammals.

The Mesozoic is often called the Age of

a. Invertebrates.

b. Vertebrates.

c. Dinosaurs.d. Mammals.

Fossil Inquiry Activity- Pg. 32

Vocab to Know:– Index Fossil:

Widely distributed fossils that are limited in time span. They help in dating other fossils found in the same sedimentary layer. For example, if you find a fossil from an unknown era near a fossil from a known time, you can assume that the two species were from about the same time.

- check your answers in the back when done- Answer the questions- Get stamped when done

Fossils Video- Pg. 32

• Answer the questions in complete sentences on pg. 32

• http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/day-mesozoic-died