Catalyst 1. Write down Dalton’s postulate that was proven wrong by the existence of isotopes. 2....
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Transcript of Catalyst 1. Write down Dalton’s postulate that was proven wrong by the existence of isotopes. 2....
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Catalyst• 1. Write down Dalton’s postulate that was proven
wrong by the existence of isotopes.• 2. How does the existence of isotopes disprove this
component of Dalton’s atomic theory?
End
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Marie Curie!• Marie Klodowska Curie discovered the mysterious
element radium. It opened the door to deep changes in the way scientists think about matter and energy.
• Radioactivity had nothing to do with whether the material was solid or powdered, dry or wet, pure or combined with other chemical elements. If you had a certain amount of uranium—a certain number of uranium atoms—then you got a certain intensity of radiation. Nothing else made a difference.
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Women in STEM• When the Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Pierre and Marie
Curie in 1903, the great honor quickly changed their lives. Pierre was finally appointed to a professorship at the Sorbonne, and the university belatedly found funds for a laboratory for him. It also hired Marie—the first woman to win a Nobel Prize—as “laboratory chief.”
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Module 2.3 – Marie Curied Boar Meat
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Next Model in the Development of Atomic Theory: Curie
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ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY
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Today’s Learning Targets• LT 2.3 – I can identify the number of protons as the
atomic number and calculate average atomic mass on the periodic table using relative isotope abundance data.
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What are isotopes?
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I. Isotopes• Isotope – Atoms of the same element have
different numbers of neutrons and thus have different atomic masses.
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How are isotopes and relative abundances related?
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II. Calculating Average Atomic Mass
• In nature, we have various amounts of each isotope of an element
• Therefore, we use the abundance to get a relative mass
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Class Example
• Naturally occurring chlorine is 75.78% 35Cl and 24.22% 37Cl. Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine.
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Table Talk
• Three isotopes of silicon occur in nature, 92.23% is 28Si, 4.68% is 29Si, and 3.09% is 30Si. Calculate the average atomic mass of silicon.
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Stop and Jot
• Only two isotopes of copper occur naturally 63Cu accounts for 69.17% and 30.83% is 65Cu. Calculate the average atomic mass of copper.
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Summarize!
Use the following terms in your summary:• Isotope• Relative Abundance• Sum
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Learning Target Log Assessment
• Go to letsgeddit and rate your current level of understanding for LT 2.2. Rate yourself 1 – 4.
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How does this connect to radioactive boars?
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Radioactive Boar Meat!• Make some radioactive boar burgers!• Good idea? Or nah?
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Online Simulator• Please open the two simulators on the computer
and complete the simulator handout with a partner.
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What is radioactive decay?
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I. Radioactive Decay• Atoms can be unstable and breakdown• Radioactive Decay – The spontaneous breakdown
of the nucleus into a smaller nucleus, accompanied by the release of particles, radiation, or both.
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What are the three types of decay?
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I. Alpha (α) Decay• Alpha Decay – When an atom splits its nucleus into:
1. A smaller nucleus and 2. A Helium atom (2 protons, 2 neutrons).
• Observed often in very heavy atoms• Alpha particles on travel a few cm in air• Paper blocks alpha particles
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Alpha Radiation
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II. Beta (β) Decay• Some elements are unstable because their proton to
neutron ratio is too large.• Beta decay converts neutrons to protons and
releases an electron known as a beta particleneutron proton + β
• Travel a few meters in the air• Metals provide a shield against beta radiation.
Electron
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Beta Radiation
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III. Gamma (γ) Decay• Gamma rays are high energy waves that are
released when nucleus goes from high energy state to low energy.
• Gamma radiation is the most dangerous. It can lead to DNA mutations and cancers.
• Gamma radiation requires thick pieces of lead/concrete in order to stop.
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Gamma Radiation
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Radiation SummaryType of Radiation Description Blocked by?
Alpha (α)
Beta (β)
Gamma (γ)
The spitting of a nucleus into a smaller nucleus and a He atom (alpha particle
Converts a neutron to a proton and an electron
(beta particle)
High energy waves that are released by nucleus
Blocked by paper
Blocked by metals
Blocked by lead
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Class Example
• Label the following decay as alpha, beta or gamma decay
4319K 43
20Ca + electron
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Table Talk• Label the following decay as alpha, beta or
gamma decay210
84Po 20682Pb + 4
2He
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Table Talk
• Complete the following reaction if it undergoes beta decay:
147N ______ + _______
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SUMMARIZE!Use the following terms in your summary:• Alpha• Beta• Gamma• Decay• Radioactive
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Work Time• Work on practice for the next 10 minutes.
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Learning Target Log Assessment
• Rate your current level of understanding of LT Rate yourself 1 – 4.
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Exit Slip
1. Naturally occurring chlorine is 75.78% 35Cl and 24.22% 37Cl. Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine.
2. What is gamma decay? What will stop gamma radiation?
3. What type of decay is shown below: 231
91Pa 22789Ac + 4
2He
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Learning Target Log Assessment
• Rate your current level of understanding of LT. Rate yourself 1 – 4.
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Closing Time• Practice due Monday/Tuesday• Test next Tuesday/Wednesday