Castle and Sun By Paul Klee€¦ · By Paul Klee . Features of a Castle • The main castle gate or...

Castle and Sun

By Paul Klee

Features of a Castle• The main castle gate or door was hard to break

through because it was usually made from thick, iron-studded wood.

• Moats surround the castle to make it harder for enemies to tunnel underground and enemies could be spotted easily trying to swim or row across.

• Drawbridges could be pulled up to stop enemies getting across.

• Gate towers were useful for shooting down from.

• The high ground that castles were built on meant the defenders could have a clear view of the surrounding area.

• The high walls of the castle made it difficult for enemies to climb.

• The curtain walls around the castle were tall and thick, to shield the castle.

• The flanking towers built in the curtain walls, were where defenders could view and attack enemies from.

Fun Facts!• A castle is where a lord or noble,

such as a King or Queen, lives.

• Castles have some similarities with palaces and fortresses.

• They used to use earth and timber to build castles, but now stone is used.

Famous Castles• Dover Castle

• Kenilworth Castle

• Tintagel Castle

• Bolsover Castle

• Portchester Castle

• Warkworth Castle

• Dunstanburgh Castle

• Carisbrooke Castle

• Middleham Castle

• Beeston Castle

Castles

Photo courtesy of Jake Keup (flickr.com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution.

Dover Castle is often considered the most iconic of all English fortresses.

�� Who lives in a castle?

�� What were castles made from originally and after that?

�� What was the main castle gate or door made from?

�� Where are moats?

�� What could drawbridges do?

�� Where was it useful to shoot down from?

�� What did the high walls make it difficult to do?

�� Which castle is considered the most iconic of all English fortresses?

Questions About Castles

!. Who lives in a castle?A castle is where a lord or noble, such as a prince, lives.

". What were castles made from originally and after that?They used to use earth and timber to build castles, but now stone is used.

#. What was the main castle gate or door made from?They were made from thick, iron-studded wood.

$. Where are moats?Moats surround the castle.

%. What could drawbridges do?Drawbridges could be pulled up to stop enemies getting across.

&. Where was it useful to shoot down from?Gate towers were useful for shooting down from.

'. What did the high walls make it difficult to do?The high walls of the castle made it difficult for enemies to climb.

(. Which castle is considered the most iconic of all English fortresses?Dover Castle is often considered the most iconic of all English fortresses.

Castles Answers

Features of a Castle• The main castle gate or door was hard to break through

because it was usually made from thick, iron-studded wood.

• The portcullis was the spiked metal or wood barrier, which protected the doors.

• Moats surround the castle to make it harder for enemies to tunnel underground into the castle, and enemies could be spotted easily trying to swim or row across.

• Drawbridges could be pulled up and stop enemies getting across.

• Gate towers were useful for shooting down from.

• The high ground that castles were built on meant that the defenders could have a clear view of the surrounding area.

• Ramparts were the steep banks of earth or rubble surrounding the castle which made it harder for enemies to climb up.


• Tall, thick curtain walls around the castle shielded the castle from attack.

• The flanking towers built in the curtain wall, were where defenders could view and attack enemies from.

• Battlements were the tooth shaped top of the castle walls where the defenders could hide behind and fire missiles through the gaps.

Fun Facts!A castle is a private fortified residence of a lord or noble, such as a King or Queen. Castles have similarities with other constructions like palaces, fortresses and fortified settlements, but they are not the same. Castles have been built for 4EBHA7��L84EF��4EG;�4A7�G<@58E�J8E8�originally used to build castles, but now stone is used.



• Tintagel Castle

• Bolsover Castle






• Beeston Castle

Castles



�� What other constructions do castles have similarities with?

�� How long have castles been around for?

�� What were castles made from originally and after that?

�� What was usually made from thick, iron-studded wood and why was it useful?

�� Why was it good for castles to be built on high ground?

�� Why were moats useful?

�� What were the high walls and curtain walls good for?

�� What use were the battlements?

�� Name three famous castles.


!. What other constructions do castles have similarities with?Castles have similarities with other constructions like palaces, fortresses and fortified settlements.

". How long have castles been around for?Castles have been built for around !"" years.

#. What were castles made from originally and after that?Earth and timber were originally used to build castles, but now stone is used.

$. What was usually made from thick, iron-studded wood and why was it useful?The main castle gate or door was usually made from thick, iron-studded wood and was useful because it was hard to break through.

%. Why was it good for castles to be built on high ground?Castles built on high ground meant the defenders could have a clear view of the surrounding area.

&. Why were moats useful?Moats surrounded the castle to make it harder for enemies to tunnel underground into the castle and enemies could be spotted easily trying to swim or row across.

'. What were the high walls and curtain walls good for?The high walls of the castle made it difficult for enemies to climb. Tall, thick curtain walls around the castle shielded the castle from attack.

(. What use were the battlements?Battlements were the tooth shaped top of the castle walls where the defenders could hide behind and fire missiles through the gaps.

). Name three famous castles.Dover Castle, Kenilworth Castle, Tintagel Castle, Bolsover Castle, Portchester Castle, Warkworth Castle, Dunstanburgh Castle, Carisbrooke Castle, Middleham Castle and Beeston Castle are famous castles.

(Accept any three)

Castles Answers

Features of a Castle• The main castle gate or door was hard to break through

because it was usually made from thick, iron-studded wood.

• The portcullis was the spiked barrier which protected the doors from fire and battering. It was made from metal or wood and could be lowered by chains.

• Moats surrounded the castle to make it harder for enemies to tunnel underground into the castle and enemies could be spotted easily trying to swim or row across.

• As part of the gateway defences, drawbridges could stop enemies getting across as they could be pulled up.

• Defenders of the castle could shoot down from the tall gate towers.

• Castles were built on high ground so that defenders could have a clear view of the surrounding area.

• The steep banks of earth or rubble surrounding the castle, called ramparts, made it harder for enemies to climb over to enter the castle.


• Tall, thick curtain walls around the castle shielded the castle from attack.

• Flanking towers built in the curtain wall provided good viewing and attacking platforms to defend the castle.

• Battlements were the tooth shaped top of the castle walls where the defenders could fire missiles through the gaps (crenels) and hide behind the raised sections (merlons).

• Machicolations were the stone boxes that stuck out from the walls. The holes were good for dropping stones or boiling oil on to attackers. Wooden boxes were called hoards.



• Tintagel Castle

• Bolsover Castle






• Beeston Castle

Castles



Fun Facts!A private fortified residence of a lord or noble, such as a King or Queen, is usually called a castle. Castles have similarities with other constructions like palaces, fortresses and fortified settlements, but they are not the F4@8��4FG?8F�;4I8�588A�5H<?G�9BE�4EBHA7��L84EF�4A7�BE<:<A4G87�<A�G;8��G;�4A7��G;�centuries. Earth and timber were originally used to build castles, but later these materials J8E8�E8C?4687�5L�FGBA8��A�G;8��G;�4A7�84E?L��G;�68AGHE<8F�GB�@4>8�G;8�64FG?8F�58GG8E�they began including towers.

Castles were built to:• control the surrounding area;• defend against attack from enemies;• launch firepower to attack enemies.

�� What is a castle and what type of people lived there?

�� What is the link between castles, palaces, fortresses and fortified settlements?

�� When were castles first built and how long have they been around for?

�� What was the portcullis and how did it protect the castle?

�� What were the ramparts and how were they useful?

�� What were the battlements and how were they good for attacking and defending?


Castle Maths Challenge * ANSWERS 1. Five knights are each building a castle. They each need a different number of stones.

Red Knight Orange Knight Yellow Knight Green Knight Blue Knight

58 85 15 120 73

Compare the numbers and write <, > or = in the box.

15 < 85 120 > 73 85 > 58

2. Put the number of stones in order from largest to smallest

120 85 73 58 15

3. Sadly, the knights have forgotten to add the stones for the tower. They each need 10 more stones. Write the correct number of stones that they need.


68 95 25 130 83

4. Write how many stones the Yellow Knight needs in words.

Twenty-five.

5. How many stones do the Yellow and Red Knights need altogether?

H T O

1

6 8

+ 2 5

9 3 93 Stones

Castle Maths Challenge * 1. Five knights are each building a castle. They each need a different number of stones.


58 85 15 120 73


15 85 120 73 85 58






H T O

+

Stones

6. How many more stones does the Orange Knight need than the Red Knight?

H T O

-

Stones

7. If the Green Knight decides to build two castles, how many stones will he need?

Extension:

The Yellow Knight is fussy. He only likes odd numbers that are in the five times table.

What are all the different numbers of stones that he could use to build his castle so that he will be happy?

Example: 5 is an odd number and a multiple of 5 so he could use 5 stones. 10 however is an even number so he wouldn’t be happy.

Acrostic Features

It’s my favourite foodCold as the inside of a fridgeEvery sunny day

Can’t waitRunning to the vanEmpty out the money‘Any sauce on that, love?’Mmmmmm, yummy!

ICE

CREA

M

The first letter of each line

spells out the poem’s theme vertically –

what’s this one about?

alliteration

simile

CHALLENGE:Can you include

these in your poem?

Lines can be different lengths

Mystery at Eagleton CastleMaths Game

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They have everything they need and are eager to get on the coach and get going! The teachers are very relieved when they finally arrive, get parked and head for the castle entrance.

Everyone is repeatedly counted and finally they are allowed into the castle ground. The children already know which group they are in and gather together.

They spend the morning looking around the castle kitchen, making bread, visiting the scary dungeons and making each other jump in the Haunted Tower.

But disaster has struck! Someone has sneaked away to the birds of prey enclosure. Each bird is kept in its own hutch. What’s that? All the doors to the hutches are open! All the birds of prey have flown away!

It is your job to use the suspects’ descriptions and solve the maths clues to identify the mystery birds of prey releaser. Good luck!

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Descriptions of Suspects

Name M/F Height cm Eye colour Group Dominant handYamen Yellowtail M �� green vulture right

Willliam Waxwing M �� blue harrier left

Tia Teal F �� brown vulture left

Sara Skylark F �� blue hawk right

Sean Serin M �� blue harrier right

Rayyan Razorbill M �� brown hawk right

Rea Raven F �� blue eagle right

Quentin Quail M �� blue eagle right

Phil Pheasant M �� blue hawk right

Paulina Puffin F �� brown eagle right

Oliver Ospray M �� green vulture left

Ola Oystercatcher F �� blue harrier right

Nina Nightingale F �� brown vulture left

Nizar Nuthatch M �� hazel hawk right

Marcel Mallard M �� blue harrier right

Mollie Merlin F �� brown harrier left

Laiba Linnet F �� brown eagle right

Liam Lapwing M �� blue vulture right

Jian Jay M �� brown hawk right

Julia Jackdaw F �� brown harrier right

Harnam Hawfinch F �� hazel harrier left

Harry Hobby M �� blue vulture right

Gurleen Goshawk M �� brown hawk right

Grace Gannet F �� blue vulture right

Fiona Fieldfare F �� brown eagle right

Finlay Fulmar M �� hazel hawk left

Dina Dipper F �� brown eagle left

Ciara Cuckoo F �� blue harrier right

Chris Coot M �� blue vulture right

Bailey Buzzard F �� green eagle left

#4:8��B9��

ENGLISH HERITAGE GUIDE TO SHIELD DESIGN HOW HERALDRY STARTED In England heraldry started in the later 1100s, when knights began to wear helmets which covered their faces, and they couldn't be recognised. So they began to paint unique combinations of colours, shapes and animals, called their 'arms', on their shields and banners. Only one person was allowed to use these arms, so when people saw a knight wearing them in a battle or tournament, they could tell who he was. THE COLOURS OF HERALDRY If you are making your own heraldry, use bright, strong colours. The five traditional colours are, with their heraldic names:

x Red = Gules x Blue = Azure x Green = Vert x Black = Sable x Purple = Purpure

Plus the two 'metals' x Gold or yellow = Or x Silver or white = Argent

There are also 'furs', the most common being: x Ermine: representing the white winter fur of stoats, with their

black tail tips. x Vair: representing squirrel skins, in blue and white.

If something (say a dog or badger) is shown in its natural colours, it's called proper. HERALDIC ORDINARIES Ordinaries are the simple shapes used on heraldic shields, against a colour, metal or fur background. If you are making your own design, choose one of these main ordinaries: x Fess = horizontal stripe across the shield x Pale = vertical stripe down the shield x Bend = diagonal stripe x Chevron = like a house gable, pointing upwards x Cross = a plain cross x Saltire = a 'St. Andrew's cross' x Chief = bar across top edge of shield x Bordure = border round edges of shield x Pile = downward-pointing triangle

Map of Cities in the United KingdomCan you locate these cities on your map? Don’t forget to label with capital letters!

London Cardiff Edinburgh Belfast Cambridge

York Newcastle Manchester Birmingham Glasgow

Aberdeen SwanseaDerry-

LondonderryBangor Inverness Liverpool

Extension: Which of these cities has the largest population? Which has the smallest population? Use books and the internet to help you find the answer.

Reminders to Help Solve the Mystery at Eagleton Castle

Map of Cities in the United KingdomFind out the name of the cities marked on your map below and label them,Don’t forget to use capital letters!

Extension: �;BBF8�BA8�B9�G;8F8�6<G<8F�GB�E8F84E6;��<A7�BHG��<AG8E8FG<A:�946GF�45BHG�G;8�6<GL�you choose.

Map of Cities in the United KingdomCan you locate these cities on your map? Don’t forget to label with capital letters.





Extension: Choose two different cities. Compare them and write notes about what is similar and what is different about them.

Answers





Liverpool

Inverness

Glasgow

Derry-Londonderry

Aberdeen

Edinburgh

Newcastle

Manchester

York

Cambridge

London

Cardiff

Swansea

Birmingham

Belfast

Bangor

You can also divide your shield into two colours, either vertically or horizontally, or into four different-coloured quarters. HERALDIC CHARGES Charges are emblems added to the shield, on the background, the 'ordinary', or both. There can be one big charge, or several smaller repeated ones. Here are some of the common charges you could use:

x Crosses - of many different types x Stars x Rings x Balls x Crescents x Diamonds x Flowers

They can be any colour, but remember never put colour on colour, for example a green star on blue, or metal on metal, for example a white flower on yellow. Many knights also used animals as charges:

ANIMAL CHARGES Any animal - either one big one or several smaller - can be used as a charge. They can be shown in many different ways, for instance:

x Rearing up (rampant) - like the lion and the hare in the pictures x Standing (statant) - like the dog x For birds, with wings outstretched (displayed) - like the eagle x Walking along (passant) - like the other lion

If the animal is looking towards you, it is also guardant or 'on guard'. So the lion in the picture is passant guardant. The ancient royal arms of England are three golden lions, one above the other, walking along on a red shield: or in heraldic code gules three lions passant guardant or. (Just to make things more complicated, lions passant guardant are also called leopards - but they don't have spots!) CHOOSING YOUR ANIMAL Animals symbolised different qualities. So for instance:

x Lions = bravery x Dogs = faithfulness, reliability x Stags = wisdom and long life x Eagles = power and nobility x Hares= speed x Badgers = endurance or 'hanging on'

You could also design your own animal charge--for instance a cat, horse or other favourite pet. Or you could choose a fabulous beast.

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pair/s=++

pair/s=++

pair/s=++

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To solve clue number two, crack the code to the dungeon and see what you can find.

Work out the calculations and colour in the answers in the table below. Rearrange the letters to spell out the answer to the second clue.


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Whilst on the castle trip, the children go on a trail through the Spooky Forest.

Follow the calculation pathway to find out the height of the culprit.

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The knight, Sir Rebral, must solve the direction puzzles if he is to find the princess locked in

the tower.

Help him work out the puzzles, to solve the clue.

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I answered east, twice. The culprit is in vulture group.

I answered south, twice. The culprit is in eagle group.

I answered north, twice. The culprit is in harrier group.

I answered west, twice. The culprit is in hawk group.

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wasn’t is birds

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2. If I am facing west and I make a 90 degree turn anticlockwise, which direction will I be facing now? south

�� If I am facing west and I turn three right angles clockwise, which direction will I be facing? south

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5. If I am facing east and I turn 90 degrees anticlockwise, which direction will I be facing? north

�� If I am facing east and I turn 180 degrees, which direction will I be facing? J8FG

7. If I am facing south and I make two right angle turns, which direction will I be facing? north

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Castle Maths Challenge ** 1. Five knights are each building a castle. They each need a different number of stones.


248 523 284 120 773


120 523 773 248 248 284






H T O

Stones

6. How many more stones does the Blue Knight need than the Red Knight?

H T O

Stones

7. If the Red Knight decides to build three castles, how many stones will he need?

Extension:

The Yellow Knight wants to build a new castle but he is fussy. He only likes even numbers that are in the three times table and four times table.


Example: 12 is an even number in the 3 times table (4x3) and the 3 times table (3x4) so he would be happy to use 12 stones.

Castle Maths Challenge *** 1. Five knights are each building a castle. They each need a different number of stones.


1784 4321 5529 954 3672


1784 4321 5529 954 3672 5529







7. If the Green Knight decides to build five castles, how many stones will he need?

Extension:

The Yellow, Green and Blue Knights decide to build a castle together. The Yellow Knight will only live in the castle if the number of stones is a multiple of three. The Green Knight will only live in the castle if the number of stones is a multiple of four. The Blue Knight will only live in the castle if the number of stones is a multiple of eight.

What are all the possible number of stones that would keep the three knights happy?

Example: 24 is a multiple of 3, 4 and 8 so all three knights would live in a castle made of 24 stones.

6. How many more stones does the Orange Knight need than the Red Knight?

H T O

8 15

9 5

- 6 8

2 7 27 Stones

7. If the Green Knight decides to build two castles, how many stones will he need?

260

Extension:

The Yellow Knight is fussy. He only likes odd numbers that are in the five times table.


Example: 5 is an odd number and a multiple of 5 so he could use 5 stones. 10 however is an even number so he wouldn’t be happy.

5, 15, 25, 35 etc

Castle Maths Challenge ** ANSWERS 1. Five knights are each building a castle. They each need a different number of stones.


248 523 284 120 773


120 < 523 773 > 248 248 < 284


773 523 284 248 120



348 623 384 220 873


Three hundred and eighty-four.


H T O

1 1

3 4 8

+ 3 8 4

7 3 2 732 Stones


H T O

6 13

8 7 3

- 3 4 8

5 2 5 525 Stones

7. If the Red Knight decides to build three castles, how many stones will he need?

1044

Extension:

The Yellow Knight wants to build a new castle but he is fussy. He only likes even numbers that are in the three times table and four times table.


Example: 12 is an even number in the 3 times table (4x3) and the 3 times table (3x4) so he would be happy to use 12 stones.

12, 24, 48 etc

Castle Maths Challenge *** ANSWERS 1. Five knights are each building a castle. They each need a different number of stones.


1784 4321 5529 954 3672


1784 < 4321 5529 > 954 3672 < 5529


5529 4321 3672 1784 954



2784 5321 6529 1954 4672


Six thousand, five hundred and twenty nine.


9313


1888

7. If the Green Knight decides to build five castles, how many stones will he need?

9770

Extension:

The Yellow, Green and Blue Knights decide to build a castle together. The Yellow Knight will only live in the castle if the number of stones is a multiple of three. The Green Knight will only live in the castle if the number of stones is a multiple of four. The Blue Knight will only live in the castle if the number of stones is a multiple of eight.

What are all the possible number of stones that would keep the three knights happy?

Example: 24 is a multiple of 3, 4 and 8 so all three knights would live in a castle made of 24 stones.

24, 48 etc

�� What were the boxes that stick out from the walls

called and used for, and were there different types?

�� Name five famous castles.

�� Describe Dover Castle using three adjectives.

��What were castles built to do?

!. What is a castle and what type of people lived there?A private fortified residence of a lord or noble, such as a prince, is usually called a castle.

". What is the link between castles, palaces, fortresses and fortified settlements?Castles have similarities with other constructions like palaces, fortresses and fortified settlements, but they are not the same.

#. When were castles first built and how long have they been around for?Castles have been built for around !"" years and originated in the !th and #"th centuries.

$. What was the portcullis and how did it protect the castle?The portcullis was the spiked barrier which protected the doors from fire and battering. It was made from metal or wood and could be lowered by chains.

%. What were the ramparts and how were they useful?The steep banks of earth or rubble surrounding the castle, called ramparts, made it harder for enemies to climb over to enter the castle.

&. What were the battlements and how were they good for attacking and defending?Battlements were the tooth shaped top of the castle walls where the defenders could fire missiles through the gaps (crenels) and hide behind the raised sections (merlons).

'. What were the boxes that stick out from the walls called and used for, and were there

different types? Machicolations were the stone boxes that stuck out from the walls. The holes were good for dropping stones or boiling oil on to attackers. Wooden boxes were called hoards.

(. Name five famous castles.Dover Castle, Kenilworth Castle, Tintagel Castle, Bolsover Castle, Portchester Castle, Warkworth Castle, Dunstanburgh Castle, Carisbrooke Castle, Middleham Castle and Beeston Castle are famous castles.

(Accept any five)

). Describe Dover Castle using three adjectives.(Answers will vary. Accept any three reasonable adjectives)

E.g. Dover castle is huge, old and weathered.

!*. What were castles built to do?Castles were built to control the surrounding area, defend against attack from enemies and launch firepower to attach enemies.

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Castle and Sun By Paul Klee€¦ · By Paul Klee . Features of a Castle • The main castle gate or...

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